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The impact of recent migration flows on the number of Hungarians in Transcarpathia, Ukraine
5-29Views:111According to the last Ukrainian census in 2001, 152 thousand people declared Hungarian
ethnicity in Transcarpathia. Since that time, there is no reliable and up-to-date data on the
ethno-demographic development of the region’s population. It is especially hard to register the
migration flows particularly salient since the outbreak of the armed conflict in East Ukraine
in 2014. Based on four data sources (official Ukrainian and Hungarian statistics and two
representative surveys), the present study aims at revealing the volume of the permanent and
temporary migration of Hungarians in Transcarpathia and its impact on their number. We
found that the same migration flow is associated with various figures by each of the data sources
conducted with different methods and by different actors. According to the more reliable surveys,
9 to 14 thousand ethnic Hungarians emigrated from Transcarpathia since 2001; consequently,
the number of Hungarians is estimated at approximately 130 thousand people in the beginning
of 2017. -
Key players of the education system: teachers in Transcarpathia in the years of the Ukrainian crisis
165-196Views:45In spring 2017 a survey was carried out among 338 practicing Transcarpathian Hungarian teachers about their material and professional satisfaction and migration plans. The study highlighted that one of the most crucial problems of the teachers is the low salary. Among those who are contemplating migration the main push factor is material dissatisfaction, followed by family and partnership reasons. However, we cannot speak about professional burn-out in their case. 72% of the respondents, without being satisfied with their situation, still does not think about migration, or is pretty sure about staying at the homeland. 84 persons (25%) belong to an endangered group, in which people embrace the idea of migration. Only 5 persons have done concrete steps in this direction. In these two groups we find mainly youger teachers. The most important destination country is Hungary. Among the respondents there is high number of Hungarian citizenship holders, however it is not an obvious catalyst of migration: people who are willing to go or willing to stay cannot be differentiated according to this aspect.
