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The psychological background of unemployment - the chance of a new start or the risk of stagnation?
181-202Views:202The aim of this paper is to present the state of unemployment and its psychological processes and consequences, and to summarise the results of psychological tests completed by jobseekers participating in the HURO Rural Youthjobs project.
We begin by clarifying the concept of unemployment. 'Unemployment is defined as the situation in which someone is unable to find an acceptable job in the labour market for a prolonged period of time' (Hajduska 2012: 119). Another definition is that 'persons who are not employed during the (defined) reference period but are employable and make active efforts to find a job are considered unemployed' (Haugen and Bregger, 1994; cited in László et al., 1998, p. 1).Unemployment can arise as a result of redundancies, layoffs, but it can also be caused by a protracted search among young people starting out in their careers (Hajduska, 2012) Whatever the cause, unemployment is a social phenomenon that can take many forms (Bánfalvy, 1997)
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Election and Representation
8-38Views:279Whether we approach representation in a wider sense (philosophical) or in a narrower sense (political), the concept is – either way – polysemic, because its meaning is determined in many respects by many factors. Representation therefore should be delt with as a contested concept. Political representation – it turns out – is a modern concept, in which the particular but very complex relationship between the representative and represented has been brought in close relationship with such basic concepts as freedom, democracy, free elections and justice, whereas political representation had litte or nothing to do with these core values earlier. In spite of the pluralist interpretation of the concept, we can distinguish statistical and substantive political representation, the first referring to voters’ political preferences expressed in Parliamentary seats, while the substantive representation refers to the content of the governmental decisions in public affairs, with respect to social expectations. The purpose of this paper is to examine political representation through morphological method, for a better understanding of its inner structure and of the interdependency of its core elements.
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Political science and the perception of time: Cyclical rotation between the present-centric and the historical perspective
94-130.Views:143In the first part of the two-part study the author posits that it is an exciting challenge for political
science to take stock of the scientific paradigms of the past 50 years based on their perspective
of time. The study looks at the past 50 years solely based upon the perception of time and
highlights the four paradigms deemed the most important: political development, transitology,
new historicism, and the school of American Political Development (APD). The study reviews the
authors representative of each paradigm and the most important elements of their arguments. Political scientists were susceptible to the historical perspective between the 1960s and the 80s. Later on, during the 90s until the mid-2000s the perspective for interpretation became
the present. In the last decade however, it seems that the interest in historical perspectives has
returned. The author concludes that a cyclical rotation can be demonstrated within political
science between the two perspectives, the logic of which would be advisable to study. -
„Gezeget garba, lábagat a bad alá!”
275-278Views:153The author divides the book into four main sections, which, while maintaining the chronological order, attempt to sketch the social history of a German minority village in the Lowlands in the 20th century. For the less patient reader, the experiment was successful, and the result is another valuable work that serves as a model to follow, courtesy of Ferenc Eiler and the Institute for Minority Research of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences.
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Mobilization incongruence in the Hungarian local electioms
5-24Views:245In local elections, national voting patterns are often not repeated as results show significant incongruence in terms of turnout, party performance and seat shares. Political science explains these various differences with several distinct theoretical frameworks that approach this incongruence from the aspect of voter behavior. The aim of this study is not to provide an alternative for these conventional explanations but to complement them with the detailed analysis of mobilization in an attempt to clear up certain gaps in the models. My main proposition is that parties can mobilize their supporters for the local elections with differing effectiveness producing incongruence in voter turnout and seat shares. In the capital and in the larger cities there is a mobilization gap mainly affecting left-wing voters that causes lower turnout and weaker electoral performance by these parties. This gap can most probably be explained by a combination of social and institutional factors and has a profound effect on election outcomes.
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Protest outcomes in non-democratic regimes: Educational protests in Hungary
36-59Views:242In 2022–23, Hungary witnessed the largest wave of protests since the fall of communism in 1990. Teachers, students and parents rallied to demand better school conditions and reforms within the educational system. In this study, I analyse the outcomes of these protests using data from the Hungarian Protest Event Database (HuPED) and 47 online news portals. I empirically examine the changes in the number of education-related protests and assess how demonstrations and strikes have influenced media discourse on the issue of education and the protesters’ demands. The results show that the protesters were clearly successful in mobilising the masses and shaping public discourse, but they were unable to achieve significant policy changes. In the second part of the paper, I explain the failure of the protests by the authorities’ protest and dissent management techniques applied against the movement.
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The civil activity of higher education students and the correlation of their chances of dropping out
141-156Views:388Our research question is that volunteering and civil organization membership of higher education students are able to protect against dropping out from higher education or even divert from effective learning and hinder persistence. The positive or negative effect of civil activity of students is measured by quantitative multivariable method, and the question is whether there is there a clear effect of civil activity on persistence, after allowing the effect of other socio-demographic variables. The results show, that civil activity of students neither protect against dropping out nor hinder persistence in our sample. There were several variables which affected civil activity, and the good relationship with parents is protecting the most against dropping out from higher education, but the fact, that civil activity is neither divert from effective learning, and nor hinder persistence means that it is important to improve civil activity of higher education students due to its’ several positive effects.
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Kint és bent háromszor
178-184Views:290A négy határmenti településen zajló kutatás eredményeit közreadó tanulmány azt a
kérdést járja körül, hogy a peremhelyzetű gazdasági térségekben milyen együttélési
formációk, munkamegosztási gyakorlatok jöttek létre a rendszerváltás után. Vagyis,
hogy a gazdasági szerkezetváltozás következtében jelentőségüket vesztő mezőgazdasági és ipari központok vonzáskörzetében található települések hogyan rendeződtek át demográfiai, etnika és életszervezési szempontból, illetve hogy az egyes
társadalmi csoportok boldogulásában milyen mértékben meghatározó az informális
gazdaságban való részvétel.
A szerzők a településtípusok leírásával arra keresik a választ, hogy az átalakuló
körülmények miként befolyásolták a határmenti községek3
lakóinak identitását, a
kooperációk és kizárások mechanizmusai milyen szerepet játszanak a falusi szomszédságok hétköznapjaiban. A társadalmi folyamatok vizsgálata nem elsősorban a
kultúrára, sokkal inkább a közösségi szerveződés formáira koncentrál. A peremhelyzet hármassága – országhatár, etnikai határok, az informális gazdaság határai – ha
különbözőképpen is, de a vizsgált települések mindegyikére hatással van. -
Az iskolai szociális munka rendszerintegrációs kérdései
108-114Views:195Társadalmunk problémái közül figyelemre méltó a fiatalokat érintő problémák magas száma. Többek között a trágár beszéd, a korai szexualitás, a tinédzserterhesség, erőszak, bántalmazás, gyermekszegénység, magatartásproblémák, iskolakerülés, stb. (Jankó 2008).
A szociális munka igen szerteágazó különféle területen nyújt segítséget, s különféle célcsoporttal dolgozik: többek között gyermekekkel, fiatalokkal, szenvedélybetegekkel, hajléktalanokkal, tartós munkanélküliekkel, börtönből kikerült egyénekkel, időskorúakkal, fogyatékos személyekkel, stb. Napjainkban, a szociális szakmában a célcsoportok különböző okok miatt eltérő hangsúlyt kapnak (Máté - Gergál 2008). A problémák magas száma miatt számos szakma próbálja segíteni az integrációt a szocializáció területén, ebből egy tevékenység értelmezésére vállalkozom: az iskolai szociális munkára.
Arra keresem a választ, hogy az iskolai szociális munka miként integrálódhat és fejthet ki hatékony tevékenységet a jelenlegi társadalmi-gazdaság keretek között a segítő szakmák körében. Melyek az elengedhetetlen kellékei egy jól strukturált, hosszútávon fenntartható szociális szolgáltatásnak?
A kutatás alapját az adja, hogy az országban több helyen indultak sikeres kezdeményezések oktatási intézményekben arra, hogy iskolai szociális munka szolgáltatást nyújtsanak, mint például Székesfehérváron, Pécsett. Ezek az előzmények vezettek ahhoz, hogy Debrecenben is elinduljon egy modellprogram szervezése. A kezdeményezés egy innovatív modellprogramot hívott életre, melynek kísérleti szakasza 2012. júniusban zárult. Az Iskolai Szociális Munka Programban 20 szociális munka szakos, illetve szociális munka alapdiplomával rendelkező, de még hallgatói státuszban lévő hallgató 10 debreceni oktatási intézményben (5 általános- és 5 középiskolában) speciális önkéntes tevékenységet folytatott. Ennek jellemzője, hogy szaktudásuknak, képzettségüknek, érdeklődési körüknek megfelelő helyen tudnak önkéntes tevékenységet végezni. A program célja, hogy a felkészített szociális munka szakos hallgatók, heti négy órában, egy tanéven keresztül az általuk választott iskolában hatékony szociális munkát végezzenek, segítve a problémákkal küzdő fiatalokat. A módszerek között megtalálható az egyéni konzultáció, csoportos és közösségi szociális munka. A hallgatók a saját iskolájuk igényeit, szükségleteit és jellegzetességeit figyelembe véve állítják össze tevékenységüket. Programjukat folyamatosan bővítik, szükség esetén módosítják. Az itt nyert tapasztalatok hozzájárulnak a hallgatók szakmai fejlődéséhez, másfelől segítik a program továbbfejlődését.
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Legitimacy and tax morale in fiscal contract: The role of collective services and government communication in shaping taxpayers’ moral considerations
140-156Views:260The purpose of this paper, building on the so-called fiscal contract theory, published by Margaret Levi (1988, 1998) and Jeffrey F. Timmons (2005), is to investigate the nature of the relationship between the so-called tax morale and government legitimacy. More specifically, it discusses the important theories and empirical researches to highlight on the significance of the role of the government in influencing citizens’ moral considerations during taxpaying. According to the fiscal contract theory, there is an unspoken agreement between taxpayers and the government to oblige the government to maintain services reflecting on collective needs and to oblige citizens to comply with the law, i.e. to pay their taxes. Thus, taxpaying is voluntary, but conditional. This paper relies on this theory when it argues that fiscal contract is rooted in citizens’ responsibility for their community, inducing their tax morale. In other words, this bilateral agreement suggests, that tax morale, what is rooted in citizens’ responsibility, is a significant factor of taxpaying motivations.
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Low-educated young people in the labour market in the Derecske sub-region
144-161Views:200The aim of my analysis is to explore the social background, capital endowment and labour market situation of low-educated young people and to compare it with the situation of the more highly educated. The research was carried out in the framework of the project "Rural Youthjobs" Facilitating the Integration of Rural Youth ont he Labour Market of Bihor - Hajdú-Bihar Euro-Region HURO/1001/081/2.3.2 in the Derecske sub-region in 2012. A stratified sample of 10% was used for the questionnaire survey. Young people aged 14-37 years participated in the survey and were interviewed in five municipalities, 228 in Derečke, 80 in Sáránd, 38 in Tépé, 91 in Hosszúpályi and 64 in Konyár, for a total of N=501.
From these, in the present analysis, I have selected the employed (142 persons), the registered unemployed (81 persons) and the non-registered unemployed (24 persons), and excluded the rest of the inactive population, as the main aim of my work was to study the currently active population, thus the number of elements was N=247 persons.
