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• The impact of recent migration flows on the number of Hungarians in Transcarpathia, Ukraine

  5-29

  Patrik Tátrai

  József Molnár

  István Molnár D.

  Katalin Kovály

  Ágnes Erőss

  Viktória Ferenc

  Krisztián Rákóczi

  Views:

  30

  According to the last Ukrainian census in 2001, 152 thousand people declared Hungarian
  ethnicity in Transcarpathia. Since that time, there is no reliable and up-to-date data on the
  ethno-demographic development of the region’s population. It is especially hard to register the
  migration flows particularly salient since the outbreak of the armed conflict in East Ukraine
  in 2014. Based on four data sources (official Ukrainian and Hungarian statistics and two
  representative surveys), the present study aims at revealing the volume of the permanent and
  temporary migration of Hungarians in Transcarpathia and its impact on their number. We
  found that the same migration flow is associated with various figures by each of the data sources
  conducted with different methods and by different actors. According to the more reliable surveys,
  9 to 14 thousand ethnic Hungarians emigrated from Transcarpathia since 2001; consequently,
  the number of Hungarians is estimated at approximately 130 thousand people in the beginning
  of 2017.

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  109-134

  Teréz Kovács

  Igor Kiss

  Views:

  22

  In this second paper, we are attempting to demonstarte the changes in the political/citizenshiprelated and cultural-historical national identity of the Hungarian ethnic minority in Vojvodina.
  With the end of Yugoslavia as a country this ethnic minority became Serbian citizens. The new
  leaders of Serbia had an adverse view on this ethnic minority until 2014 when the Serbian
  political leaderership changed their political identity and favoured the West instead of EasternEurope.The financial aid provided by the Hungarian Government to the Hungarians living in
  Vojvodina, which targeted cultural and economic development in the area, aimed to better the
  life and strenghten the national identity of this ethnic minority. Those who received financial
  aid developed a better outlook on life. The possibility to acquire Hungarian citizenship easily strenghtened the Hungarian national identity of this minority and contributed to population
  decline. While people migrating to Hungary are primarily motivated by access to better
  education, others migrate to Western Europe for work.

• Key players of the education system: teachers in Transcarpathia in the years of the Ukrainian crisis

  165-196

  Viktória Ferenc

  Views:

  15

   In spring 2017 a survey was carried out among 338 practicing Transcarpathian Hungarian teachers about their material and professional satisfaction and migration plans. The study highlighted that one of the most crucial problems of the teachers is the low salary. Among those who are contemplating migration the main push factor is material dissatisfaction, followed by family and partnership reasons. However, we cannot speak about professional burn-out in their case. 72% of the respondents, without being satisfied with their situation, still does not think about migration, or is pretty sure about staying at the homeland. 84 persons (25%) belong to an endangered group, in which people embrace the idea of migration. Only 5 persons have done concrete steps in this direction. In these two groups we find mainly youger teachers. The most important destination country is Hungary. Among the respondents there is high number of Hungarian citizenship holders, however it is not an obvious catalyst of migration: people who are willing to go or willing to stay cannot be differentiated according to this aspect.