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• The impact of recent migration flows on the number of Hungarians in Transcarpathia, Ukraine

  5-29

  Patrik Tátrai

  József Molnár

  István Molnár D.

  Katalin Kovály

  Ágnes Erőss

  Viktória Ferenc

  Krisztián Rákóczi

  Views:

  64

  According to the last Ukrainian census in 2001, 152 thousand people declared Hungarian
  ethnicity in Transcarpathia. Since that time, there is no reliable and up-to-date data on the
  ethno-demographic development of the region’s population. It is especially hard to register the
  migration flows particularly salient since the outbreak of the armed conflict in East Ukraine
  in 2014. Based on four data sources (official Ukrainian and Hungarian statistics and two
  representative surveys), the present study aims at revealing the volume of the permanent and
  temporary migration of Hungarians in Transcarpathia and its impact on their number. We
  found that the same migration flow is associated with various figures by each of the data sources
  conducted with different methods and by different actors. According to the more reliable surveys,
  9 to 14 thousand ethnic Hungarians emigrated from Transcarpathia since 2001; consequently,
  the number of Hungarians is estimated at approximately 130 thousand people in the beginning
  of 2017.

• Rural youth and their lack of mobility

  3-22.

  Views:

  91

  International research on the lack of mobility and its causes among people in rural areas primarily focuses on motivations for emigration and consequences of immigration. In the first half of our study we summarize the findings of the research described above. We explain the relationship between poverty and lack of mobility, review the link between agriculture and local mobility, predominantly through the functions of rural businesses. We explore the return migration of youths, especially those who move back to their village after a long period of  education and/or job search. We revisit structural theories that connect migration to different types of capital and shed light on the impact of changing perceptions on rural life. We use longitudinal quantitative studies and their statistics to analyze the characteristics of the lack of mobility among Hungarian rural youths and emigration patterns between 2010–2017. The second half of our manuscript delineates the results of studies done by the Mobility Research Center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. The pertinent articles and case studies examine the role of social bonds in the lack of mobility, types of employment among rural youths, and how those influence their attachment to their village. Mobility case studies among the youths are also analyzed, along with the social representation of their identity, categories of success, the effects of poverty, their family bonds, perspectives for the future, as well as the consequences of the social and regional characteristics of their villages.