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Studying further in higher education as a human capital investment
134-144Views:51In our paper, we examine the motives of further studies in higher education among higher education students, as well as how socio-demographic variables modify these motives. Our research method is quantitative. We used a research database gathered in the historical Partium region in 2014 (N = 1792). The theoretical backgrounds of our research are the human capital theory and Bourdieu’s capital conversion model. Based on ten motives of further studies, we made a cluster analysis and examined the relationships of these clusters and the socio-demographic background variables. Our finding is that the most important motive of further studies among students was expanding knowledge. Therefore, the motive of getting higher wages in the future, which is the central aspect in the human capital model, proved to be of minor importance. Based on the capital conversion theory students wanted to gain cultural and social capital when they decided to study further, as both can be profitable for them in the future. However, while the motives of further studies were affected by the social background of students, contrary to our hypothesis, financial motives were not more important for those students coming from disadvantage backgrounds than for other students
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Family plans and career plans among higher education students in the field of social sciences based on a pilot study in Eastern Hungary
71-93Views:51Our paper explores the family and career plans of social sciences students at Hungary’s second largest university based on a questionnaire-based pilot study. Nowadays, careers include more than the traditional vertical promotion within an organisation, as seen from the emergence of the self-directed “protean” career type, which prompts organisations to adapt to individuals’ values, attitudes, and own career definitions. In addition, the Kaleidoscope Career Model sets out that individuals adapt their career goals to their life stages. Thus, students’ career and family plans matter to prospective employers. Our results show that a modern self-directed career type has emerged among students, for whom it is a priority to meet their own expectations. In several cases, starting a family is preceded by career goals. Furthermore, despite the “feminine” nature of social sciences, our pilot study shows that male students in the field still tend to conform to traditional gender roles regarding the importance of family and career. Our research implies that prospective employers need to adapt their HR strategies to young people’s family and career plans. Moreover, organisations should support students in gaining relevant work experience and in achieving their subsequent career plans.
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Alternatives of how to prepare for the future labor market
146-160Views:27What happens if among the members of a society and among the smaller and larger units and groups making up the society trust and confidence seems to be disappearing at once? What happens if confidence reposed into each other fall victim to social differences as well as to the economic / cost-of-living boxing of modern information society? How to stop the crisis symptom that seems to be developing this way and which is shown in the fragmentation of communities?1 With other words, is it possible to “stick again together” a community or even a whole society started to disintegrate? The questions, even if not so characteristically phrased, provide sociologists actually with the scope of understanding our modern, individualistic world (Habermas 1994). Gusfield (1975) depicts dichotomy of community and society in a way that we should interpret community as a pervading, significant contrast. By now literature seems as if it was only be able to picture the changes taking place in the images both of the society and community describing them by even more pronounced, contradictory processes. The changes that send messages on the disintegration of categories and frames becoming insecure instead of the security and integration quasi missed by Habermas. It also seems as if—quasi as an answer given to this process—occlusion/seclusion both on the part of community members and the various communities from the seemingly unknown and insecure changes were more intensive (Légmán 2012). We intend to construe these phenomena on the next pages, but due to extension limits without the need for completeness of social interpretations. We want to do it with the help of mainly one dimension: value preference through the example of a given society, namely the Hungarian one. Thus we get to the stability and the solidarity of the members of the smallest unit of society, one which accepts and expresses various value preferences, the family.
From time immemorial, one of the crucial questions of mankind has been what the future has in store for us. The future, however, has remained unfathomable up to this day, and even future studies promises only as much as prognosticating what is likely to continue and what will plausibly change in the world. Thus, no wonder, that already the first “real” economists of the 18th century (Adam Smith et al.) considered the creation of the future model of labor economy as a challenge. At the present era of modern labor market, this task is closely connected with the future status of labor market since in a consumer society income acquired by work forms the basis of satisfying needs (Ehrenberg – Smith 2003, Galasi 1994).We are not saying anything new by stating the fact that the demand for labor force is determined by new places of work and that an ideal supply of labor force must be adaptable to the requirements of demand. To meet requirements and to be adaptable is possible only if we are armed with the necessary competencies and capital (Hodges – Burchell 2003, Bourdieu 1998). The question, to what extent students in higher education are prepared for changes in the demand for labor force, arises at this point. What can young people expect on the labor market in this ever changing world? What kind of job opportunities and work conditions are there for them, and how much are they prepared to face these changes?
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The Career-building effect of volunteering in higher education
146-160Views:61Nowadays the motives for volunteering are changing among higher education students, and
besides traditional altruistic motives, career-building motives also appear (the acquisition
of work experience and professional knowledge, professional development, networking,
the presentation of voluntary work in the resume). In this paper, we use data from a survey
conducted in five Central and Eastern European countries (N=2,199) to examine through linear
regression analysis the factors affecting the strength of career-building motives and to analyse
through a logistic regression model the determinants of whether or not volunteering is related to the field of study. Our hypotheses are formulated based on the literature. Our results show
that career-building motives are more pronounced among women and students who have a
close relationship with external friends outside the university, study outside Hungary, and study
something other than engineering, computer science or science. Voluntary work is more likely to
be related to the field of study among teacher education students, students with an unfavourable
financial situation, those who study in Romania, and those who have a close relationship with
faculty. -
’If a worker’s hostel – let it be good’: The status of worker’s hostels in state and corporate social policy in Szabolcs-Szatmár county in the 1970s
43-61Views:34The presentation of the commuter’s ’second home’ is inevitable in connection with the research of commuting as one of the most defining social phenomena of the Kádár era. This is particularly justified in Szabolcs-Szatmár county, which area was closely connencted to the phenomenon of short-distance commuting. One of the main goals of the intertwining state and corporate social policy implemented in the era, especially from the first half of the 1960’s, was undoubtedly to ensure satisfactory living conditions and cultural services provided by workers’ hostels. While from the beginning of the 1970’s, the county’s political leadership, one of the companies employing the most commuters, the Szabolcs County State Construction Company, prioritized the matter of workers’ hostels, which had been operated since the beginning of the fifties, from the end of the sixties. The company’s efforts were mainly shown in connection with the creation of suitable hygienic conditions and the provision of cultural opportunities. However, despite the significant financial outlay, a lasting result was not achieved, as a result of which the corporate goals set in previous decades were also prioritized in the 1980’s.
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Kint és bent háromszor
178-184Views:14A négy határmenti településen zajló kutatás eredményeit közreadó tanulmány azt a
kérdést járja körül, hogy a peremhelyzetű gazdasági térségekben milyen együttélési
formációk, munkamegosztási gyakorlatok jöttek létre a rendszerváltás után. Vagyis,
hogy a gazdasági szerkezetváltozás következtében jelentőségüket vesztő mezőgazdasági és ipari központok vonzáskörzetében található települések hogyan rendeződtek át demográfiai, etnika és életszervezési szempontból, illetve hogy az egyes
társadalmi csoportok boldogulásában milyen mértékben meghatározó az informális
gazdaságban való részvétel.
A szerzők a településtípusok leírásával arra keresik a választ, hogy az átalakuló
körülmények miként befolyásolták a határmenti községek3
lakóinak identitását, a
kooperációk és kizárások mechanizmusai milyen szerepet játszanak a falusi szomszédságok hétköznapjaiban. A társadalmi folyamatok vizsgálata nem elsősorban a
kultúrára, sokkal inkább a közösségi szerveződés formáira koncentrál. A peremhelyzet hármassága – országhatár, etnikai határok, az informális gazdaság határai – ha
különbözőképpen is, de a vizsgált települések mindegyikére hatással van. -
A munkaerőpiacra való belépés módjai felsőfokú tanulmányok folytatása mellett
93-101Views:64Manapság egyre inkább munkáról és nem munkahelyről beszélünk, hiszen a munka térbelisége megszűnőben van. Nem határozható meg konkrétan a munka helye, és időkerete sem, mert a hangsúly a feladatokon és a feladatok elvégzésén van. Hála a fejlett technológia vívmányainak, sokaknak már ki sem kell mozdulniuk otthonaikból, hisz számítógép, internet és telefon segítségével végzik munkájukat (Kiss – Répáczky 2012).
Munka szempontjából megkülönböztetünk fizetett és nem fizetett munkát. Ha a munka fizetett, akkor a javak és szolgáltatások előállítása nem csupán alturista, belső késztetésből történik, hanem a tudatos pénzszerzésért. Legtöbb ember ezt a fajta „munkát” választja, hisz a pénz létszükségletté vált a mindennapi élethez.
Ugyanakkor előfordul, hogy a szolgáltatások előállítása ellenszolgáltatás nélkül történik, az egyén a közjót szolgálja, a tevékenységet szabad akaratából végzi, ami belső és/vagy külső indíttatású. Ekkor önkéntes munkáról beszélünk. Az önkéntességnek két típusát különböztethetjük meg. A régi típusú önkéntességre jellemző a szegényeken való segítés, a vallás, a hit fontossága, az erkölcsi kötelesség és a közösséghez tartozás, míg az új típusú önkéntességre a tapasztalatszerzés, a kihívás, a szakmai fejlődés, emellett fontos a szabadidő hasznos eltöltése, illetve új barátok szerzése is (Fényes - Kiss 2011b).
Egy felsőoktatásból a munkaerő-piacra lépő személy válaszút elé kerül, hogy melyik munkatípust is válassza, hosszú távon melyik lesz a kifizetődőbb, és ha már döntött is, rengeteg a munkaadó által előírt kritériumnak kell megfelelnie, hogy versenyképes tudjon maradni a már elismert, tapasztalattal rendelkező társai mellett. A munkáltatók szerint szükség van fiatal, frissdiplomás alkalmazottakra, hiszen ők azok, akik a legkorszerűbb tudással rendelkeznek. Ugyanakkor már a jelentkezés folyamán több hibát vétenek, mint egy régen diplomázott személy, és kevesen rendelkeznek olyan képességekkel, melyekkel fel tudnák magukra vonni a munkáltató figyelmét. Hiszen nem rendelkeznek elegendő gyakorlati tudással, elkötelezettséggel, a munka iránt tisztelettel és munkakultúrával. A legtöbb helyen, fontos legalább egy nyelv jó ismerete, a jó kommunikációs készség, az informatikai ismeretek, a nagyfokú munkaterhelhetőség, az önállóság, az elhivatottság, a motiváció és a készség a csapatmunkára. Mindezeknek azonban nagy kihívás megfelelni egy olyan frissdiplomás fiatalnak, aki még nem rendelkezik semmiféle munkatapasztalattal. Így sokan úgy próbálják orvosolni ezt a problémát, hogy már felsőoktatási tanulmányaik során munkába állnak, ezzel is megalapozva későbbi elhelyezkedési esélyeiket (Forgó et al. 2009).
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„We were born here, we grew up here, our relatives and our children are here… everything are in our village”. Weekly commuting in a village of Tiszahát
38-53Views:12The study present the weekly commuting in a small village of 1600 resident in Tiszahát. The
economic situation of the settlement, employment and income opportunities are lower than
national average, which also has an extremely strong impact on the livability of the village.
The local primary labor market can employ few workers, other employees can work in public
employment or they can work as a seasonal worker in agriculture buti it does not provide an
income that can be calculated all year. There are few opportunities in the region, so they can
not work in the nearby settlements. Many locals have to go to remote settlement for work. We
prepared interviews to examine: how weekly commuting became popular in the village and how
it affected local families and the local community. -
Rácz Andrea (szerk.) (2018): Szülői kompetenciafejlesztést célzó modellprogramok a gyermekjóléti szolgáltatások tárházában: Rubeus Egyesület, p. 353.
186-188Views:26„Minden gyerekben, mikor megszületik, ott van egy zenei
kotta, egy partitúra. De sok feltétele van annak, hogy a
kottából muzsika legyen. Másként fog szólni jó zenészekkel, jó akusztikával, várakozással teli közönséggel, megint
másként, ha a karmester, a terem, a hangszerek rosszak.
És lehet, hogy egyáltalán nem szólal meg. Mai tudásunk
mellett a partitúrát nem is ismerjük. Csak a feltételeken
tudunk változtatni, ha azt szeretnénk, hogy a gyerekek
zenéje szebben szóljon. Ezzel a metaforával világítja meg Albert Jaqurd, korunk egyik legnagyobb genetikusa, a környezeti feltételek és a genetika, az öröklött gének kölcsönhatását. Minél egyenlőtlenebb egy társadalom, annál nagyobbak a gyerek fejlődésére, ’megszólaló zenéjére’ ható
környezeti különbségek.” -
Women in science: The odyssey of the female scientists, from the Background to the „Procrustean bed”—The opaque mirror of the male correlate
129-157Views:9This study examines the social ideology regarding gender equalities, through outstanding women’s scholars, which is based on old traditions and customs. Among other things, I present the
main stages of the scientific career of Maria Michell, Marie Curie, Lise Meitner, Vera Rubin. I capture the subject within the theoretical framework of women’s studies, which is characterized by
many questions and debates, for example the biological or the cultural determinism (the nature
or education, religion, culture, socialization) have greater influence on gender roles. -
Some demographic characteristics of long-term commuting in Hungary
3-19Views:40The study aims to show the most important demographic characteristics of long-term
commuting workers and the emerging territorial disparities using the latest available statistics.
The main motivation for commuting, including long commuting, is still to get the job they deem
appropriate, but about a quarter of a million people take on much greater burdens than average
and only travel home weekly or less frequently in Hungary. Most of them make this decision by
force, as there are no job opportunities in their place of residence, but the income they provide is
very important for their families. Long-term commuters mostly do seasonal work (construction,
catering, etc.) and work in physical jobs. Unsurprisingly, men are more likely to take on the life
form with increased physical and psychological strain, but not only the heads of the family in
their forties, but also young people in their 20s who are not yet independent of their families
are represented in large numbers. Long commuting is characterised by marked territorial
inequalities, and those affected mainly start from villages, despite the fact that the high level of public employment in the most disadvantaged areas is affecting the direction of the stay of the
workforce. -
Basic income: Sugar-coating over a bitter pill?
159-181Views:14Current and future evolutions in labour markets may be blurring lines between traditional
employment and new types of atypical employment, making it harder to reliably assess whether
someone is receiving any benefits at all. The basic income should be seen as a serious option in
the future, given the changing labor market and the findings from existing cash transfer schemes.BI is not means-tested, so the amount received does not depend on individual or family income or
assets and does not require any work performance, or the willingness to accept a job if offered.
In this study I examine the created image by the media through the method of content
analysis, in relation to basic income. Furthermore, it is analyzed to what extent this effect creates
a negative image of basic income among the students of the University of Debrecen, strengthening
the fear towards this social policy tool. Particular attention is paid to the value choices of young
people focusing on their individualization, motivation of working and willingness to take risks. -
The Earning and cash management characteristics of the roma communities living on the margins of society in Budapest
110-128Views:25In this essay, I aim to explore the income and cash management characteristics of the roma
communities living on the margins of society in Budapest. In my research, my main focus was the
way people are living in the segregated streets of “Magdolna district” reacted to the declining
opportunities after the economical system change. Another question to be answered is what
strategies these families and households use to provide the sufficient amount of income, and if
there is any kind of economical or ’life-management’ community function between them beyond
the segregation.
After reviewing the job opportunities, I concentrated on the characteristics of the consumption
structure. I interviewed them about their costs of living as well as the possible ways of reducing
their expences. I also tried to examine how the cooperation of extended families effect the
everyday life of the smaller parts of these families.
