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The Civis and the In-migrants: Spatial Patterns of Industrial Modernization in Debrecen 1870
186-241Views:72Scholars engaged in research into the history of Debrecen have long been eager to get an
answer – beyond their specific research inquiries – to the question whether the development of
the city had had unique features and if they had what would hallmark the unique character of
development? Was there or is there a kind of “Debrecenness”?
My study examines – with the help of a GIS relational database (DTTTA1870) – what
peculiarities can be grasped in the transformation of the traditional spatial and social structure
of Debrecen enforced by the political change and industrial modernization processes two
decades after the change of feudal regime (1848/49).
The analysis focuses on whether the alteration process of the factors determining the social
status (residential segregation, neighborhood, spatial segregation and coexistence, other spatial
and social hierarchical characteristics) in the cases of the “deep-rooted Debrecen residents”
(cívis) and of the settlers showed specific types described in the literature or showed specific
features. -
The interpretation of prejudice among students in Debrecen
232-243Views:58Negative discrimination has always existed, we have always had an opinion about the other individual, despite the fact that it was often without any background knowledge. It was in the first half of the twentieth century that the scientific, social psychological study of prejudice began in the United States, dominated by the antagonism between whites and blacks. It was at this time that human society came to realise that the problem was a global one, and that it was essential to examine it, starting, among other things, from the massacres of the Second World War, which were partly the result of prejudice. Unfortunately, however, we do not need to go back to the great events of history to realise that prejudice has serious consequences. In our everyday lives, we are also confronted with a plethora of cases of crime, discrimination and conflict based on an image of the other person that is based on incomplete information.
Although the image of a world free of prejudice may be a utopia, these types of feelings and attitudes can and must be dealt with, but above all it is very important to map the situation and to examine it scientifically. -
Family perspectives for young people growing up in child protection care
67-87Views:88The study examines the factors of family perspectives among vulnerable youths – children and youth living in alternative care – with qualitative method. The target group is children who live in the Hungarian child protection system as juveniles. Children and young people experiencing different family substitute arenas may result in various family perspectives. These family perspectives are examined within a theoretical framework of family sociology and human ecology.We used a complex approach to describe the experiences and changes of these structural and family-replacer dimensions together with their impacts on the family perspective. We have found that the family perspectives of the young people are diverse and their narratives about their visions of the future are often linked to dominant family and life events previously experienced in family milieus and forms of care. At the same time, the complexity of life events and the diversity of future plans are not necessarily reflected in the institutional background and the professional-young relationships that could support young people’s autonomy. Based on the interviews, the family and community levels of the human ecology model can also be a significant factor in young people’s family perspectives, so cooperation between family and community, institutional actors can be one of the keys to providing adequate support for young people. In order to realize future plans for family perspectives, professionals need to focus more on individual needs and the diversity and variability of family perspectives.
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"Teens at risk": The everyday life of the early school leavers
103-120.Views:111One of the most important challenges of today’s society is to fight early school dropout, and integrate the socially disadvantaged youth to the labour market. Research programs investigate the reasons, causes and solutions for the phenomena. Current statistics and analytical attempts, however, provide very few insights into the family ties, friend relations, financials, thoughts, goals and everyday life of the targeted youth. Our research aims to explore these areas through structured exploratory interviews with participants aged 15 to 19 who have already experienced or are in danger of early school dropout from a second chance provider secondary school.
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Environmentalism of university students in relation to their materialism, life satisfaction, views on politics and pandemic
70-97Views:104Recently, an increasing focus has been made on studying environmental problems and the
related social phenomena. Understanding the environmentalism and its influencing factors
in the case of higher education students can greatly help the preparation and identification
of sustainability policies and educational practices in higher education institutions. In this study, we investigated environmental attitudes and pro-environmental behavior of
students at 17 Hungarian universities as a function of a number of hypothesized influencing
factors. These included materialistic values, life satisfaction, political views, and views on the
Covid-19 pandemic. According to our results, these were all related to environmentalism. More
environmentally conscious students were less materialistic, less right-wing in their political
views, more satisfied with their lives, and also differed in their views on pandemic issues. Beside
a weaker impact of environmentalism and political views, life satisfaction was largely influenced
by the relative financial situation perceived by respondents. -
On the margin of child protection: Negative life events impact on the adolescents and youth health behavior
80-108Views:145The paper studies how negative life events affect risk behaviour of children and young people. Calculations on the database of the ‘Hungarian youth 2012’ research suggest that negative life events are strong predictors of different types of risk behaviour like alcohol, drug abuse and suicide. According to the data people who have experienced several and more serious negative life events, more likely refuse and turn away from the norms of the adult society than those whose life proves to be less stressful. To place these results into child protection context, the study calls attention to the fact that the Hungarian child protection system does not treat each group in the fragmented society equally, although, on the basis of the incidence of threat it should. Another important message of this paper is to highlight that in addition to scientific values large-scale sociological research studies have professional and practical values as well. To support it, from the questions of the well-known Holmes-Rahe scale the authors re-developed an exploration scale (Reduced Life Events Scale). The application of the Reduced Life Event Scale (or the original Holmes-Rahe scale) allows experts to focus more on the studied issues in the process of planning services, prevention and case work. The tool might propose solutions to use the insufficient resources in a more targeted way.
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Training and employment: Information and knowledge flows between training institutions and employers
31-48Views:51For a region's economy to develop, it is essential to develop integrated forms of operation that manage the available resources efficiently. This is particularly true in a border micro-region with a predominantly small population, where for decades farming has been essentially based on agricultural subsistence and employment opportunities have been limited. Matching the employment and training structure, balancing supply and demand in the training and employment system can also be beneficial for the economic and social development of a disadvantaged micro-region. The development of border micro-regions was seriously handicapped before the change of regime. Small and medium-sized settlements on both sides of the border were depopulated and their inhabitants were ageing. Over the past few years, regional development has been based on local needs and existing resources, resulting in the creation of nearly 2 500 small and medium-sized enterprises in 21 municipalities in the Érmellék sub-region, where the research is located. However, the economic and employment functions of the organisations created can only be developed if the specialist needs of the businesses are met in the right quantity and quality structure.
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Career planning and competences assessment among university students
34-45Views:71Planning a career cannot be started soon enough. The determination of following a
career path preceded by significant decisions and aims. Several pieces of research are
dedicated to the affiliation of young adults self-awareness and career paths in terms of
seeking work. University students rarely have the appropriate amount of self-knowledge.
Nowadays in the labour market beside the qualification, competencies are growing in importance. It is crucial to have certain communication, integration and strategic
skills to successfully find a quality job. The University of Debrecen provides a wide
variety of available services regarding individual job search support or consultation
and the commitment of a career path. The surveyed university students valued the
importance of these services and competencies related to improving the finding of a
job after graduation. The conformity between the knowledge of the available services
and the required and existing skills could be helpful in the labour market after getting
the university degree. The questionnaire was filled out by students from the University
of Debrecen and valued by the IBM SPSS Statistics programme. -
Foreign students of the medical faculties in Pécs and Debrecen: the choice of the university and acculturation process
22-43Views:80With the headway of globalization and knowledge-based economy, international student mobility is promoted as the main indicator of the internationalization of higher education. In Hungary the number of foreign students – similarly to global trends – shows an increase, representing a significant economic interest. Besides this, the international students make a growing impact
on the development and the economic and cultural life of the cities where the universities are based. In our empirical research, we analyzed international students at the Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmacy foreign language programs of the University of Debrecen and the University of Pécs with the help of personally requested anonymous, self-completed questionnaires (n=602). The
self-developed questionnaire focused on three issues: the motivation of the students, their satisfaction with the university and the process of their integration. The research was conducted in the spring semester of the academic year 2015/2016 at both universities.
Based on the results it can be stated that from the perspective of medium- and long-term policy development of the university and the city, it is indispensable to survey the motivations and satisfaction of the students arriving to Hungary due to international student mobility as well as to facilitate their integration. The general medicine major of the University of Pécs and
that of the University of Debrecen are very popular among foreign students but there are significant differences in their choices behind which we can discover the different cultural background of the matriculated students and this factor determines their personal choices and their later plans. Concerning the difficulties at the beginning we can state based on the results that for the
students of the German programme the different language medium and the local bureaucracy mean a bigger challenge, while for the heterogeneous community of the English programme contact building with the tutors and the integration into the socio-cultural medium mean more difficulties. Concerning the integration we can state that from the point of country of origin the integration means a little less challenge for the more homogenies student community of the German programme than for the heterogeneous community of the English programme behind which most probably the stabilization of the acculturation process can be trailed. -
The civil activity of higher education students and the correlation of their chances of dropping out
141-156Views:73Our research question is that volunteering and civil organization membership of higher education students are able to protect against dropping out from higher education or even divert from effective learning and hinder persistence. The positive or negative effect of civil activity of students is measured by quantitative multivariable method, and the question is whether there is there a clear effect of civil activity on persistence, after allowing the effect of other socio-demographic variables. The results show, that civil activity of students neither protect against dropping out nor hinder persistence in our sample. There were several variables which affected civil activity, and the good relationship with parents is protecting the most against dropping out from higher education, but the fact, that civil activity is neither divert from effective learning, and nor hinder persistence means that it is important to improve civil activity of higher education students due to its’ several positive effects.
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Piac, kereskedelem, kapitalizálódás és piactér Debrecenben a 19. században I.∗
54-69Views:39Debrecen 19. századi gazdálkodásának, kereskedelmének igen gazdag szakirodalma van, különösen a regionális vásárközponttá válás (nagyvásárok), a vonzáskörzet és a kereskedelmi kapcsolatrendszer meghatározása gazdaságtörténeti és néprajzi megközelítések sokaságán keresztül hozott olyan eredményeket, amelyeket szinte elkerülhetetlen hivatkozni a helytörténeti irodalmon túl is.
Ezzel együtt sem állíthatjuk, hogy e területen minden kérdésre van valamilyen válaszunk, nincsenek olyan vonatkozások, amelyekben nem szükséges újrakutatni és újragondolni akár az eddigi kutatási eredményeket is.
Gyimesi Sándor a Debrecen történeti monográfiához készített tanulmányaiban felvetette a megkülönböztetés szükségességét a város kereskedelme és a városban zajló kereskedelem között, hiszen a debreceni kereskedők és más üzletemberek a város határait messze meghaladó regionális és távolsági kereskedelmi ügyletekben is érdekeltek voltak. De azt sem egyszerű megítélni, mit is tekinthetünk Debrecennek, ha a város területi szerkezetének (határainak és határhasználatának) alapvető sajátosságait ugyancsak sokrétű kutatási anyag révén jórészt ismerjük. A későközépkori magyarországi városi tér és területhasználat értelmezése/újraértelmezése talán a leginkább előttünk álló feladat. Ráadásul a 19. század közepétől zajlik az az átalakulás, amely a korábbi feudális kiváltságrendszer helyébe a szabad piaci viszonyok érvényesülését hozza, megváltoztatva a város gazdálkodásának, érdekviszonyainak alapvető keretrendszerét, de a város társadalmán belüli érdekviszonyokat és azok artikulációját is.
A városi tér újraértelmezésének a fontosságára/elkerülhetetlenségére itt példaként csupán arra hivatkozom, hogy a város talán legegyszerűbbnek tűnő népességszámának a megállapítása is rögtön bonyolulttá és megoldhatatlanná válik a térbeli dimenziók hangsúlyos vizsgálata nélkül.
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Beyond „Green finance” – Sustainability aspects of capital markets
123-137Views:58
The accumulation of capital constitutes an enormous obstacle to the sustainability transition.
The role of the capital throughout the whole evolutionary process of civilization is undoubtedly impressive, as it has continuously delivered innovations in our everyday lives. Nevertheless, as
we argue in our study, a dominant part of capital accumulation has not fulfilled this function
in monetary and material terms as well recently; or performs at a low efficiency concerning the
ecological damage generated. Sustainability calls thus for an investment environment in the
near future that allows for the social benefits of capital accumulation through the expansion
of the material services delivered, limiting the accumulation of material stocks, resulting in
significant adverse environmental impacts remarkably in the same time. We will introduce
and compare the gains of savings and capital accumulation considering the monetary and the
material dimensions of our socio-economic system, unveiling the relevance of the capital market
in sustainability transition in this way, beyond green finance. -
The diversity of family sociology
109-113Views:60Ivett Szalma – Judit Takács (2022): Családszociológiai mozaik. Szociológiai Tudástár (13). Debrecen, Debreceni Egyetemi Kiadó, Debrecen University Press, p, 209
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Fighting child poverty. Family day care centres in Debrecen
244-255Views:38One of today's biggest challenges, present in every country in the world in some form or another, is child poverty. Vulnerable groups include children of unemployed parents, families with three or more children and single parents (Ferge and Darvas 2012).
In the EU-27, children and working-age people are at higher risk of poverty and social exclusion than older people. The extent of child poverty is also influenced by the labour market status of parents, the household in which they grow up, and government interventions (Antuofermo and Di Meglio 2012). Since child poverty and the labour market status of parents are inseparable, in my study I also examine employment and unemployment indicators in our country. -
Fónai Mihály: Joghallgatók – Honnan jönnek és hová tartanak?
142-147Views:39Debreceni Egyetem Állam és Jogtudományi Kara – DELA Könyvkiadó Kft.,
Debrecen, 2014, p. 145. -
The Patterns of free time in secondary schools
64-78Views:161The aim of this study is analyse the free time allocation in different types of secondary schools in Hungary. The use of free time is connected with social inequalities and the agglomeration of cultural capital so these patterns are rooted most of all in the social background. Besides, educational sociology involves an institutional effect in this field as well. Hungary has got a selective educational system and the different types of secondary schools refermainly to specific social groups so the differences in the use of free time can be significant. The database of HungarianYouth Research has been used during this analysis. This database is representative for regions, types of settlement, age and gender (N = 8000) and the subsample of secondary school students can be separated. Quantity of free time, places of free time, features of „screen time activites” and cultural activities have been analysed. Means, chi-sqare statistic, ANOVA-test, factor analysis and linear regression model were used. Our empirical finding scan show the different free time patterns of the subsamples (grammar school, secondary vocational school and vocational school).
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Alternatives of how to prepare for the future labor market
146-160Views:64What happens if among the members of a society and among the smaller and larger units and groups making up the society trust and confidence seems to be disappearing at once? What happens if confidence reposed into each other fall victim to social differences as well as to the economic / cost-of-living boxing of modern information society? How to stop the crisis symptom that seems to be developing this way and which is shown in the fragmentation of communities?1 With other words, is it possible to “stick again together” a community or even a whole society started to disintegrate? The questions, even if not so characteristically phrased, provide sociologists actually with the scope of understanding our modern, individualistic world (Habermas 1994). Gusfield (1975) depicts dichotomy of community and society in a way that we should interpret community as a pervading, significant contrast. By now literature seems as if it was only be able to picture the changes taking place in the images both of the society and community describing them by even more pronounced, contradictory processes. The changes that send messages on the disintegration of categories and frames becoming insecure instead of the security and integration quasi missed by Habermas. It also seems as if—quasi as an answer given to this process—occlusion/seclusion both on the part of community members and the various communities from the seemingly unknown and insecure changes were more intensive (Légmán 2012). We intend to construe these phenomena on the next pages, but due to extension limits without the need for completeness of social interpretations. We want to do it with the help of mainly one dimension: value preference through the example of a given society, namely the Hungarian one. Thus we get to the stability and the solidarity of the members of the smallest unit of society, one which accepts and expresses various value preferences, the family.
From time immemorial, one of the crucial questions of mankind has been what the future has in store for us. The future, however, has remained unfathomable up to this day, and even future studies promises only as much as prognosticating what is likely to continue and what will plausibly change in the world. Thus, no wonder, that already the first “real” economists of the 18th century (Adam Smith et al.) considered the creation of the future model of labor economy as a challenge. At the present era of modern labor market, this task is closely connected with the future status of labor market since in a consumer society income acquired by work forms the basis of satisfying needs (Ehrenberg – Smith 2003, Galasi 1994).We are not saying anything new by stating the fact that the demand for labor force is determined by new places of work and that an ideal supply of labor force must be adaptable to the requirements of demand. To meet requirements and to be adaptable is possible only if we are armed with the necessary competencies and capital (Hodges – Burchell 2003, Bourdieu 1998). The question, to what extent students in higher education are prepared for changes in the demand for labor force, arises at this point. What can young people expect on the labor market in this ever changing world? What kind of job opportunities and work conditions are there for them, and how much are they prepared to face these changes?
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The characteristics of employers' (and employees') behaviour in a rural border area today, based on interviews
162-180Views:54Clichéd as it may seem, it is undeniably true that the employment situation in Hungary is bad. The profound transformation of the economy and society in 1989-1990 brought about fundamental changes in the labour market. The main features of this were the disappearance of full employment and the emergence and persistence of unemployment. The economic activity of the Hungarian population declined significantly, due to, among other things, the disappearance or restructuring of enterprises and cooperatives, the fall in production and turnover, and the more intensive use of labour under new conditions, while the number of economically inactive increased.
To avoid unemployment, people opted en masse for pensions or pension-like benefits, while young people stayed in school longer in the hope of better job prospects and, even with a much lower birth rate, the number of people still using home-based forms of childcare was essentially the same as before. After 1998, the number of inactive people fell slightly, but in 2009 the number of 15-64 year olds was still 2.6 million, about 7% (166,000) higher than in 1992. Employment fell significantly in the years following the change of regime, mainly as a result of the transformation of the economy. It reached its lowest point in 1996, when some 3.6 million people were in work, 1.3 million fewer than in the period of regime change.
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The effect of Covid-19 epidemic on the industry of a Sub-Saharan Country: a perspective on sports industry in Nigeria
32-48Views:82Kutatásunk során a Covid-19 járvány Nigéria gazdaságára és sportiparára kifejtett hatását elemeztük, a kapcsolódó szakirodalom áttekintésével. Megvizsgáltuk a sportgazdaság Covid-19 járvány alatti helyzetét Európában és az Egyesült Államokban, majd kiemeltük a nigériai speciális viszonyokat. Bár a sportgazdaság nigériai vonatkozásában kevés szakirodalom áll rendelkezésre, több mint 60 tudományos közlemény elemzésére került sor. Ezek alapján megállapításra került, hogy a Covid-19 járvány nemcsak a globális, de a nigériai gazdaságot is negatívan érintette. Ez különösen jelentős volt a sporthoz kapcsolódó direkt és indirekt
foglalkoztatás területén, tekintettel a nigériai gazdaság egy-szektorú jellegére. Vizsgálataik alapján szerzők javaslatként fogalmazzák meg, hogy figyelembe véve a nigériai társadalom korfáját, jelentős befektetések lennének szükségesek a sportiparba, mely a szektor átalakításával is együtt kellene, hogy járjon. -
Types of fathers’ home-based and school-based involvement based on an interview study
119-139Views:121In this study, we examine fathers’ home-based and school-based involvement to assist the development and achievement of their children. The international literature suggests that fathers are less involved than mothers, and the form of their involvement is also different. However, their home-based and school-based involvement has been shown to have similar positive effects on children’s educational outcomes. We examine the forms of parental involvement based on the typology created by Epstein and Sanders. In our empirical work, we conducted 14 semi-structured interviews with fathers with young children and aimed to delineate father types based on the forms of involvement by conducting a classification of the interviews. Our results show that the first group of fathers are only involved at home; they do not participate in school-related events with their child but report being actively involved in their child’s education and school-related activities at home. Fathers in the second group, on the other hand, are involved not only at home but also in school life. The third type is made up of divorced fathers who, with one exception, are involved at school and at home, which is consistent with the findings in the literature on single fathers with children. In this study, we also attempt to answer the question of how to increase fathers’ school-based involvement. According to the interviewees’ answers, their activity could be encouraged through support from their wife, greater self-confidence, and events organised by schools which are more suited to fathers (sports events, cooking together).
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The moral restoration of business relations: Management from a Christian point of view
71-90Views:36Globalisation is a complex and worldwide process overarching historical times and continents.
It started with the great geographical discoveries, continued with the emergence of world trade
and the development of a truly global market reaching its present status. Globalisation has both
negative and positive effects. Out of the positive effects it has to be emphasised that more and
more zones of our planet benefit from the advances in sciences and techniques, more and more people have better access to work, education and the necessary commodities to meet their basic
needs. Globalisation has brought efficiency and new opportunities to companies, providing practically free access to raw materials, labour and knowledge. Out of the negative effects degradation of the biosphere, the greater social and economic inequality especially in the developing
countries has to be pointed out. Some companies are operating worldwide and have acquired
great economic power and influence. Governments have only limited possibilities to regulate
their operation. The expenses of profit maximisation are high, which are often ‘paid’ by the social-natural environment (as externalities). The aim of our study is to overview how current
business relations could be formed to be more human and environment friendly from the point
of view of Christian philosophy. It has to be pointed out that our study is focusing on the Christian
point of view, although in our globalised world when studying business relations we should not
forget about the role of other world major religious groups.
