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Women’s Work and Land Reform in Zimbabwe: A Feminist Political Economy of Social Reproduction
59-80Views:121While the future of work in Africa is increasingly becoming an important area of research, a feminist political economy of social reproduction holds potential to illuminate the gendered and geographical nature of women’s work in a context of radical land reform. Time-use surveys data was gathered across three study areas, two land reform and one non-land reform sites. This was complemented with in-depth and focus group discussions in the land reform sites with participants drawn from participating female and male-headed households. While literature on women’s work is accumulating, this has not been extended to integrate a feminist social reproductive lens on African rural women’s work in a context of land reform. The none or malrecognition of social reproduction by the State makes the latter an agent of depletion – a gendered form of structural and everyday violence on women. While liberating, radical land reforms, of their own, do not necessarily improve the care burden of women. This is compounded by the debt crisis crippling many countries of the global South.
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Obstacles for women in career advancement
65-83.Views:201Today the level of knowledge, qualifications of female are immensely increasing, but despite
their skills there are still encounter obstacles in their careers, and women still appear to be
underrepresented in top-level leadership positions. Many analysis findings indicated that there
is a strong negativ relationship bertween the impact of the old traditions and women career
developement.
This paper attempts to identify all the obstacles and gender-related segregation of the
labour market such as vertical and horizontal segregations and also raises awareness of that
complex problem. Because there is a triple burden on graduate and leading women, work at
home, their job and the struggle with the sexist working environment. -
„How to Leave Here? How to Return Here?” – The Professional Situation of Contemporary Female Architects in Hungary
5-31Views:156In recent years, the professional discourse within architecture regarding the situation of women has intensified. The reason for this increased attention is that since the early 2000s, women have become the majority among graduates, which contradicts the deeply rooted stereotypes in the public consciousness that architects are generally men. Until now, we only had estimates regarding the exact gender ratios. Therefore, in the first part of my study, I reconstructed how the ratio of women changed among the students of the Faculty of Architecture at Budapest University of Technology and Economics from 1941 to 2023, using archival documents and a digital database. Following this, in the second part of my research, I pursued answers to why we do not see women in the professional public sphere, among architectural award winners, and as members of scientific and artistic academies – what structural barriers hinder their professional advancement. This examination was conducted with the help of focus groups consisting of female architects.
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The Career-building effect of volunteering in higher education
146-160Views:258Nowadays the motives for volunteering are changing among higher education students, and
besides traditional altruistic motives, career-building motives also appear (the acquisition
of work experience and professional knowledge, professional development, networking,
the presentation of voluntary work in the resume). In this paper, we use data from a survey
conducted in five Central and Eastern European countries (N=2,199) to examine through linear
regression analysis the factors affecting the strength of career-building motives and to analyse
through a logistic regression model the determinants of whether or not volunteering is related to the field of study. Our hypotheses are formulated based on the literature. Our results show
that career-building motives are more pronounced among women and students who have a
close relationship with external friends outside the university, study outside Hungary, and study
something other than engineering, computer science or science. Voluntary work is more likely to
be related to the field of study among teacher education students, students with an unfavourable
financial situation, those who study in Romania, and those who have a close relationship with
faculty. -
Changes in family decision-making and division of labor among weekly families
148-165Views:242The study deals with the transformation of decisions and division of labor within the family by
processing the results of a qualitative, interviewed study of the target group of weekly workers.
The study shows how decisions are restructured according to roles within the family and how
the roles of women and men change as a result of the regular absence of one family member.
From the point of view of the approach to domestic work, the differences between weekdays and
weekends, which can be considered as a consequence of weekend, come to the fore. In the course
of the analysis, we examined whether there was a change in the decision-making processes
within the family as a result of the weekly (and if so, what areas were affected by the change)
and whether there was a radical change in the division of family responsibilities as a result of the
weekend. I present the results on the basis of two dimensions, on the one hand, of the phenomena
of disposition and decision-making over income, and, on the other hand, of the division of family
responsibilities and problem-solving. -
Mothers with young children in labour market
29-51Views:648The study examines the labour market integration and employment attitudes of women with young children among the factors influencing the extremely low Hungarian fertility rate. The literature review looks at the role of education, working while raising children, the role of careers, work-life balance and the glass ceiling phenomenon. In the empirical part, We will present, without any claims to exhaustiveness, a typical set of problems that fundamentally determine women’s presence in the labour market. We surveyed 1,033 respondents on attitudes towards work, time spent at home and difficulties in finding a job. The results of the questionnaire survey were evaluated using the SPSS 26.0 software package, including mainly descriptive statistical methods. We found that discrimination against mothers with young children still persists in job interviews. The contribution to the family’s financial expenses is the main factor influencing the return from maternity leave. When choosing a job, the key factor is the work schedule of the job applied for.
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Danger on the labour market - some thoughts on occupational segregation
49-63Views:175Workers must be guaranteed equality, the possibility must be created for them not to be discriminated against on the basis of their work, the activities they carry out, and ultimately the results of their work. This is a serious obligation on the state, which it must ensure through its legislation and through the judgments of the courts, because social security cannot be achieved otherwise. The State's responsibility in this respect is not bound by time or place, since, as long as there has been a legal relationship in the development of labour law, this has always been a matter of concern for workers - and for labour lawyers.
It is not easy to assess, because even today, when general equality and equality of rights have been an accepted principle for centuries in almost all parts of the world (but not, of course, in those parts where, for example, there are serious traditional differences between men and women in society, such as in the Arab world), this problem is still a daily occurrence.
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The Career Concepts of Male Workers with or without Child
91-105Views:143The question of reconciliation of work and family is getting highlighted in social studies. For a
long time, a lot of studies concentrated on young mothers; however, researchers have realized
that this problem proves difficult to men as well. As Bencsik-Juhász write: ” As the actual labor
market primarily employs and caters for men, with all the inherent ad-vantages (like higher wages for the same job) and disadvantages (like longer working hours), it is no wonder that
the stronger labor-market presence and activity of women also changes the traditional family
roles”(Bencsik – Juhász 2012: 616). The public opinion has been starting to expect double sets of
obligations from the fathers, the traditional family supporter role is still strong, while men are
also expected today to take part in child-rearing. The question is whether these processes effect
on men’s career.
This study presents career perspectives of male workers with or without child. The authors
made a quantitative survey in order to get to know this question. Based on research conducted in
2016, it is possible to say that men with or without child are different in this question. -
Relativized gendergizmos
107-119Views:121Gender-theory is an arguable direction of social gender phrasing; especially its concept, that deviancies from the biological orientation are optional. The notion of transgender ortrans-sexuality as a social construction evolved in the 1990’s from post-structuralist philosophies. Nowadays
multiple theories are mingled, and a relatively small minority seems to determine the majority’s
traditional orientation. Present article is to discuss radical wings of gender theories, especially
the ones that aim to alter the individual’s identity by relativizing the natural born biological
sex, or by opposing it with social gender. Instead of dealing with the biological trans-gender
(trans-sexuality, intersexuality, etc...), present work researches chosen gender, or the social gender roles and the corresponding ideologies; as well as a practical alternative, the intermentality
outline topic. -
The choice of medical career – What do our field work experiences represent?
5-21Views:219Background: One of the greatest challenges of the XXI. century is the changing of the medical profession. Beside of the process of deprofessionalism, the demographic and social composition of the medical society have also been altering. More women became medical doctors in recent years. Parallel to these changes, the career motivations of medical students are transforming. Method: 175 first year medical students from the Semmelweis University participated in our study. They wrote about their career motivations based on a fixed set of viewpoints. The narratives were analysed by both quantitative and qualitative (content analysis) methods. Results: The female students are committed to medical profession at younger ages. The most important factors in career choices are altruism and scientific interest for both genders. There is a male dominance in career motivations of experiences, knowledge and benefits. Conclusions: The changing face of career motivations has a significant impact on both the physicians and the patients. This issue opens up possibilities for following research.
