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The place and role of field studies in teaching medical sociology
44-55Views:259Introduction: The goals of the subject of Medical sociology are to familiarize and explain the relationships between social environment and health. The theoretical and practical elements of the medical sociology education and the field studies that form a part of practical work serve these goals. During filed studies, we build on the previous knowledge and experience of the
students. Method: The themes of the field studies change from semester to semester. From the series of studies we picked three themes that were connected to and built on each other. We present the role of field studies through their description and the explanation of our experiences. Results: Field studies add empirical skills and experience to the knowledge acquired during the
theoretical and practical training of medical sociology. The field study assignments also serve to strengthen the effects of the “hidden curriculum”, the process of the indirect professional socialization at the medical school. Furthermore, the new knowledge and skills give the students a better understanding of the scientific literature helping them in the interpretation of statistical
and methodological aspects of biomedical results and concepts. Conclusion: Our experiences show that field studies are an efficient teaching method. Its most important outcome is sensitizing medical students towards health related social problems and helping them to understand and handle such problems. -
Certain issues of reliability and validity in the case of generalized trust survey measurement in light of the Hungarian data
5-22Views:270Trust is a field of research in social sciences that has complex, well-developed theoretical
approaches, but its empirical tools are less precisely grounded. The most common survey tool
for measuring generalized trust is a formula often referred to in the literature as “standard”
trust question, which reads as follows: “Generally speaking, would you say that most people can
be trusted or that you need to be very careful in dealing with people?” The aim of the paper is to
examine this standard survey item along the dimensions of reliability and validity. In our analysis,
we use Hungarian data obtained from various international surveys. Our results indicate serious
validity problems, as the standard question shows only weak linkage with additional variables,
which, based on the conceptual background, should be in a close relationship with trust.
KEYWORDS: trust, generalized trust, survey methods, reliability, validity -
The relationship between scientific philosophical theories and value research
131-147Views:355The purpose of this study is to examine, in what extent the mainstream approaches of scientific
theories can be applied on the field of the value-research. Therefore, I will examine these models
through the lense of scientific philosophical approaches of 20th century. Of the three most
significant philosophical theory (Popper’s falsification theory, Kuhn’s paradigm theory, and Imre
Lakatos’s theory of scientific research programs), I apply Lakatos’s theory, since it fits the best
to explain, how parallel research streams emerged on the field of value research. In this study I
strive for conciliate Lakatos’s program and the three significant value models. In the scientific
research program theory Lakatos found that many research programs coexist simultaneously.
Each has a hard core or negative heuristic (as Lakatos calls it) of theories immune to any revision
surrounded by a protective belt or positive heuristic of malleable theories. Every research
program vies against others to be most progressive. In my opinion the core of the program is
the value definition itself, which is used by the different researchers in the field of value studies.
This value definition barely changed during the past few decades. On the other hand, there are
numerous value models aimed to assess people’s value system. These models can be considered
as the protective belt revolving around the hardcore definition. The aim of this paper is not to
emphasize Lakatos’ theory from the philosophical approaches of science, but to examine value
research through a philosophical eye. This approach also can ease the communication between
the value research by exploring the common core of them. -
The role of sports programmes in the lives of juvenile offenders serving their sentences in correctional institutions, with particular reference to their impact, pedagogical and psychoeducational approaches
58-77Views:87Sport plays a crucial role in the lives of juveniles serving their sentences in correctional institutions, and in addition to its many direct positive effects, it is also associated with successful reintegration after release. Sport programmes can help young people to develop, but the situation is more nuanced because they can also create specific, challenging situations. It is also important to address the pedagogical, psychoeducational and corrective approaches in this field, because these different approaches bring with them a different focus. In order to gain a thorough understanding of the topic, the academic literature on the theoretical background to the study of the participation of juveniles serving their sentences in correctional facilities in sports programmes (focusing primarily on international studies) was explored, mainly looking at the psychological, educational and criminological dimensions of the topic. The main value of the study, besides the literature on the subject, is to show the relationship between the participation of young offenders in sport programmes and its direct and long-term indirect effects. Sport programmes provide an opportunity to support the socialisation of the young people concerned, in addition to developing their skills and abilities. However, participation in sport does not necessarily bring long-term, positive results, so it is essential to be aware of the planning process, and to focus not only on the results of the programme, but also on the process of implementation. Investigating the participation of juvenile offenders in sport programmes is a key issue and it is in the common interest of all to address them, as it can contribute to the juvenile’s desistance and desistance from delinquent behaviour by adulthood.
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Synecdochal Representation and Transgressive Style: The Performative Turn of Populism Studies in the Case of Boris Johnson and Jeremy Corbyn
68-97Views:128The past decade has seen a proliferation of work on populism, a field generally dominated by the ideational approach of Cas Mudde, offering a conceptualization of populism as a substantive position, worldview, or set of ideas underpinning public policies. In contrast, this paper proposes an alternative framewrok and draws on performative theories to shed new light on understanding populist leadership. The performative school transcends the boundaries of political discourse to place its focus on the sociocultural and stylistic-aesthetic aspects of populism. Within this conceptual framework, the paper analyses the performances of Boris Johnson and Jeremy Corbyn, respectively. Suited to empirically informed theorizing, the cases offer avenues to further develop the performative approach and to expose the limited explanatory power of the ideational paradigm. The paper’s contribution to the literature is twofold. It offers an explanation of the co-exsistence and hybridization of elitist and populist elements in the case of Boris Johnson, and highlights the need for distinguishing between populist and popular forms of representation in the case of Jeremy Corbyn, thus promoting conceptual refinement.
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Understanding Aspects to the Ethnospecific Researches on the Gypsy Jazz
23-39Views:382The early “research of Gypsies”, romology, then the visible and the hidden processes of
“tziganology” in anthropology included a shift in the state of understanding between the
hillside of critical interpretation studies and that of local group psychology. They also involved
the research of folk tales, dancing, poverty, examining segregation and participatory action
methodology as well as innovation and rebirth of the musicological research of Gypsy music.
The terminological aspect of “us” and “others”, expressing alterity and identity, points towards
the more complex study of (ethnic) “minorities”, moreover knowledge and field studies, and
results of examining narratives (such as tales, dances, visual worksof art, publicity, religion and
community), bring us closer (by way of political and scientific pragmatism) to signalling a new
era of empathic understanding. The aim of the paper is to highlight the ways leading to that
goal, putting the musical aspects of the shift in focus, consisting of stylistic inventions, a worldmusic-based openness towards instruments and performance cultures, which nevertheless still
carries the signs of a new era of projection and knowledge contents, first-person-narrative and
narrative identities. Finding answers to the question “where did it come from” might be aided
by contemplating “where does it go”. This would be both the aim and partially the structure of
my thematic essay. -
The effect of Covid-19 epidemic on the industry of a Sub-Saharan Country: a perspective on sports industry in Nigeria
32-48Views:281Kutatásunk során a Covid-19 járvány Nigéria gazdaságára és sportiparára kifejtett hatását elemeztük, a kapcsolódó szakirodalom áttekintésével. Megvizsgáltuk a sportgazdaság Covid-19 járvány alatti helyzetét Európában és az Egyesült Államokban, majd kiemeltük a nigériai speciális viszonyokat. Bár a sportgazdaság nigériai vonatkozásában kevés szakirodalom áll rendelkezésre, több mint 60 tudományos közlemény elemzésére került sor. Ezek alapján megállapításra került, hogy a Covid-19 járvány nemcsak a globális, de a nigériai gazdaságot is negatívan érintette. Ez különösen jelentős volt a sporthoz kapcsolódó direkt és indirekt
foglalkoztatás területén, tekintettel a nigériai gazdaság egy-szektorú jellegére. Vizsgálataik alapján szerzők javaslatként fogalmazzák meg, hogy figyelembe véve a nigériai társadalom korfáját, jelentős befektetések lennének szükségesek a sportiparba, mely a szektor átalakításával is együtt kellene, hogy járjon. -
Investigation of working conditions and risk factors for burnout of social and pedagogical professionals
3-29Views:477The study scrutinizes the relationship between professional working conditions and burnout among Hungarian social and pedagogical professionals. Despite the fact that burnout and occupational well-being have been extensively researched abroad among professional helpers – primarily health care workers –, no quantitative survey has been conducted in Hungary so far in the target group we examined. Another added value of our study is that, besides work and organizational factors revealed by previous burnout studies, it points to the role of client- and fieldwork-related difficulties in the prevalence of burnout symptoms. In our exploratory, crosssectional survey, 261 social and pedagogical specialists participated from Baranya County. Our results suggest that job and task matching problems, and difficulties related to the fieldwork and clients lead to emotional exhaustion of professionals and decreased work efficiency. Deficiencies related to work motivation cause loss of efficiency as well. The results also indicate that out of the three occupational groups involved in the research, professionals working in the field of child protection are most at risk for emotional exhaustion, and the symptom of depersonalization is most relevant to child protection and family and child welfare workers. In addition, we have shown that longer professional experience can be considered a protective factor in burnout symptoms. Our results can make an important contribution to the establishment of individual and organizational level training, support, development, monitoring and evaluation programs and/or policy-level guidelines and interventions that can improve the working conditions of professionals and reduce their risk of emotional, mental and physical strain.
