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  • Electoral Systems in East Central Europe
    26-50
    Views:
    179

    The democratic transition in Eastern and Central Europe provides a good opportunity to
    examine how to apply the findings of the science of elections in a new dimension. This study
    based on 167 elections in 23 countries shows the formation, evolution and political consequences
    of the new electoral systems. The hypothesis of the paper is that the elections and electoral
    systems in this region not always correspond to the conventional wisdom. Our analysis divides
    into five parts the region (Central Europe, Western and Eastern Balkans, Baltic States and the
    other former republics of Soviet Union). This division helps to get an sophisticatad picture about
    the emergence and changes of the new electoral systems. By showing country by country we can
    demonstrate the similarities and differences between and within subgroups as well. Finally
    using three well-known indices (least square index, effective electoral and parliamentary
    number of parties) the study summarizes – country by country and subgroups by subgroups by
    type – the political consequences for the proportionality and party structure. The analysis of the
    167 elections demonstrates that Eastern and Central Europe does not show uniformity regarding
    the political consequences of the electoral systems. Their influence is more moderate than in the
    established democracies and they are also much more volatile. Their changes have shown rather
    diverging than converging trend in the last quarter century. The conventional findings are
    difficult to apply for this region, they are only partially valid, especially the formation of party
    structure differ from the previous experiences. In sum the Eastern and Central European elections
    do not invalidate the conventional statements of the elctoral studies but they offen do not show
    corresponding image. So they significantly contribute to the further development and refinement
    of the previous findings.

  • How should we think about Europe? The model adaptation and model formation strategy of the Hungarian political elite
    110-133
    Views:
    266

    In the past decades, researchers in Hungary have looked at almost all segments of the behavior and organization of elites, nevertheless they have dealt surprisingly little with how external actors (Europe, the West) affect the actions and way of thinking of the elites. The lack of approaches from this perspective is so apparent because the European orientation of the elites has changed twice in the past thirty years. (In the 1980s and starting from the second half of the 1990s.) The essay focuses on presenting two concepts of Europe, of which one is based on model adaptation (the opposition represents this approach) the other on model formation (which is characteristic of the governing parties). The essay shows the origins of both, as well as their connections to macro and micro political motifs. Within the frameworks of this, the study touches upon why the appearance of the model adaptation perspective was adequate in the 1980s as well as to why the model forming approach to Europe appeared on the right in the middle of the 1990s as its challenger. The analysis does more than just dynamically present the past thirty years, it also aims to show that we have to integrate Hungarian political history in a broader sense into our studies if we want to understand the changes that have occurred in the past decades concerning the relationship of the elites to the West. The stratum which Fidesz has brought to surface lays deep in Hungarian political history. We have to take this stratum into consideration even if we find this perhaps unattractive and we reject it.

  • Lehet-e Nyugat Kelet-Európa?
    136-141
    Views:
    136

    Stefano Bottoni: A várva várt Nyugat. Kelet-Európa története
    1944-tól napjainkig. MTA Bölcsészettudományi Kutatóközpont,
    Történettudományi Intézet, Budapest, 2014, p. 362.

  • Jó gyakorlatok, mentorprogramok hátrányos helyzetű és roma gyermekeknek Európában
    128-132
    Views:
    140

    Óhidy Andrea (szerk.) (2023): Mentoring-Projekte für Roma-Kinder in Europa. 
    Pécs, Universität Pécs, Philosophische Fakultät, Institut für Erziehungswissenschaft, Lehrstuhl für Romologie und Bildungssoziologie – Pädagogische Hochschule Freiburg, Institut für Erziehungswissenschaft, 395 oldal

  • Europe’s most visited countries’ coastal areas affected by overtourism
    98-122
    Views:
    221

    Tourism has a constant impact on the environment and on society, taking these impacts into
    consideration reveals that these are not always beneficial. Negative impacts include increased
    pollution, inappropriate construction, conflicts between local society and tourists, crowding and
    congestion. The objective of my research is to study coastal areas affected by overtourism in
    southern European countries. By examining tourism in the European countries that received the
    most international tourists in 2019, I illustrate the importance of 3S tourism (sea, sand, sun), the
    mass of tourists it attracts, and its effects. The tourism of France, Spain and Italy, with their sunny sandy coasts, are presented by summarising data sets from various international databases.
    I analyse the cases of some destinations from the three countries that are the main focus of the study, based on previously published articles. Coastal areas that have been associated with the
    overtourism phenomenon by other authors are also presented.

  • The 2024 European Parliamentary Elections
    52-76
    Views:
    247

    One of the most important event of the 2024 super election year was the elections of the European Parliament – which took place from June 6 to 9 – because the European Union has reached a turning point. Classified as a second order election, it has taken on a new significance in the light of the current global political events, of the geopolitical, social, and political situation, as well as of the crisis resulting from the pandemic, wars, and migration towards Europe. All of this raises several questions: What characteristics possess the tenth EP election under these new circumstances? In case the EP election starts showing new features, one may ask whether it can be described in terms of the second order characteristics. Further: how have the changes under these circumstances affected the nature of the election, the participation, the electoral results, and the performance of major and minor parties, as well as the ruling parties? To what extent can secondariness of the EP elections still be considered evident?
    The situation is further complicated by the fact that this was the first election held after Brexit, which not only influenced the number of seats in the European Parliament and their distribution among countries, but also affected the electoral process as well as the composition of the parliamentary seating arrangements.

  • The Career-building effect of volunteering in higher education
    146-160
    Views:
    354

    Nowadays the motives for volunteering are changing among higher education students, and
    besides traditional altruistic motives, career-building motives also appear (the acquisition
    of work experience and professional knowledge, professional development, networking,
    the presentation of voluntary work in the resume). In this paper, we use data from a survey
    conducted in five Central and Eastern European countries (N=2,199) to examine through linear
    regression analysis the factors affecting the strength of career-building motives and to analyse
    through a logistic regression model the determinants of whether or not volunteering is related to the field of study. Our hypotheses are formulated based on the literature. Our results show
    that career-building motives are more pronounced among women and students who have a
    close relationship with external friends outside the university, study outside Hungary, and study
    something other than engineering, computer science or science. Voluntary work is more likely to
    be related to the field of study among teacher education students, students with an unfavourable
    financial situation, those who study in Romania, and those who have a close relationship with
    faculty.

  • The transformation of nationalism in Hungary and Russia between 1995 and 2013: Results of a comparative study
    43-63
    Views:
    211

    In this paper we are focusing on the metamorphosis of nationalism in Russia, in Hungary and in the other countries in the European Union between 1995 and 2013. For the research we had used the ISSP research. We had researched the dimensions like spontaneous national identity, ethnocentrism, national categorization, national pride, nationalism and xenophobia. First we introduce the several aspects, then we reveal the features of the nationalism. This paper focus ont he role of the nationalism in the running of the capitalism.

  • A jól-lét fogalmának értelmezése az európai szakirodalomban (2009–2014)
    16-47
    Views:
    755

    A jól-lét olyan, széles körben használt fogalom, melyben az életminőség különböző dimenziói testesülnek meg. A tanulmány a fogalom európai szakirodalomban történő meghatározásának és használatának felmérése érdekében végzett szisztematikus vizsgálat eredményeit mutatja be. Munkánk alapját az Európai Unió „Measuring Youth Well-Being (MyWeB)” kutatásában résztvevő tizenegy ország kutatóinak közös erőfeszítéseként előállt ismeretek képezték. Egy jövőbeli európai ifjúság-kutatási program elősegítése és előkészítése érdekében kutatásunk résztvevői összegyűjtötték a fiatalok jól-létével kapcsolatos angol nyelven, illetve saját országaik nyelvén 2009–2014 között megjelent tanulmányokat. Azok a munkák kerültek be az általunk megvizsgált anyagok közé, melyek megfeleltek a következő kritériumoknak: a tanulmány a kutatásunkban résztvevő partnerországban végzett kutatás alapján készült, célcsoportjának típusa és kora megfelelt a kívánalmaknak (nem esett a népesség valamilyen szempontból különlegesnek számító kategóriájába és a 10–25 éves korcsoportot ölelte fel), a tanulmány teljes szövege elérhető volt, s megfelelő módszertani alapossággal készült. Az egymást követő, három szakaszban végrehajtott szűrések után 95 db tanulmány maradt, melyet tovább elemeztünk. A jól-lét fogalom vizsgálatának eredményeként kiderült, hogy a koncepció felépítésében hat terület, s az ehhez kapcsolódó indikátorok vesznek részt. Azt találtuk, hogy a jól-lét elsődlegesen pszichológiai jellegű, erőteljesen kognitív, egészséggel kapcsolatos, magatartásbeli és szociális oldalakkal bíró koncepció. Tanulmányunk végkövetkeztetése, hogy a jól-léttel kapcsolatos kutatások során a jelenleginél több figyelmet kellene fordítani a koncepció szociális oldalának, kommunikációs aspektusainak, az intézményi környezetének és az információs társadalomba való illesztettségének vizsgálatára.