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Az iskolai szociális munka rendszerintegrációs kérdései
108-114Views:36Társadalmunk problémái közül figyelemre méltó a fiatalokat érintő problémák magas száma. Többek között a trágár beszéd, a korai szexualitás, a tinédzserterhesség, erőszak, bántalmazás, gyermekszegénység, magatartásproblémák, iskolakerülés, stb. (Jankó 2008).
A szociális munka igen szerteágazó különféle területen nyújt segítséget, s különféle célcsoporttal dolgozik: többek között gyermekekkel, fiatalokkal, szenvedélybetegekkel, hajléktalanokkal, tartós munkanélküliekkel, börtönből kikerült egyénekkel, időskorúakkal, fogyatékos személyekkel, stb. Napjainkban, a szociális szakmában a célcsoportok különböző okok miatt eltérő hangsúlyt kapnak (Máté - Gergál 2008). A problémák magas száma miatt számos szakma próbálja segíteni az integrációt a szocializáció területén, ebből egy tevékenység értelmezésére vállalkozom: az iskolai szociális munkára.
Arra keresem a választ, hogy az iskolai szociális munka miként integrálódhat és fejthet ki hatékony tevékenységet a jelenlegi társadalmi-gazdaság keretek között a segítő szakmák körében. Melyek az elengedhetetlen kellékei egy jól strukturált, hosszútávon fenntartható szociális szolgáltatásnak?
A kutatás alapját az adja, hogy az országban több helyen indultak sikeres kezdeményezések oktatási intézményekben arra, hogy iskolai szociális munka szolgáltatást nyújtsanak, mint például Székesfehérváron, Pécsett. Ezek az előzmények vezettek ahhoz, hogy Debrecenben is elinduljon egy modellprogram szervezése. A kezdeményezés egy innovatív modellprogramot hívott életre, melynek kísérleti szakasza 2012. júniusban zárult. Az Iskolai Szociális Munka Programban 20 szociális munka szakos, illetve szociális munka alapdiplomával rendelkező, de még hallgatói státuszban lévő hallgató 10 debreceni oktatási intézményben (5 általános- és 5 középiskolában) speciális önkéntes tevékenységet folytatott. Ennek jellemzője, hogy szaktudásuknak, képzettségüknek, érdeklődési körüknek megfelelő helyen tudnak önkéntes tevékenységet végezni. A program célja, hogy a felkészített szociális munka szakos hallgatók, heti négy órában, egy tanéven keresztül az általuk választott iskolában hatékony szociális munkát végezzenek, segítve a problémákkal küzdő fiatalokat. A módszerek között megtalálható az egyéni konzultáció, csoportos és közösségi szociális munka. A hallgatók a saját iskolájuk igényeit, szükségleteit és jellegzetességeit figyelembe véve állítják össze tevékenységüket. Programjukat folyamatosan bővítik, szükség esetén módosítják. Az itt nyert tapasztalatok hozzájárulnak a hallgatók szakmai fejlődéséhez, másfelől segítik a program továbbfejlődését.
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Interconnections between social work and the natural environment
96-112Views:15The aim of my study is to examine the appearance of ecology and natural environment in the
theory and practice of social work. By reviewing international literature, my aim is to review and
systematize basic theories and professional directions. I also consider it important to look at the
Hungarian aspects. Global environmental changes and social changes interact, and the social
work profession evolves, and incudes new trends and approaches while reflecting ever-changing
challenges. The relationship between the person and his/her environment has always been one
of the central themes of social work, but the pursuit of sustainability and the focus on the natural
environment may bring a new dimension to the interpretation of the person-in-environment
approach. In my paper, I attempt to understand the values and motivations of ‘green social work’,‘environmental social work’ and ‘eco-social work’ and I attempt to understand the relationship
between social work and the natural environment, and examine the roles social workers may
carry on related to the global environmental changes. -
A munkaerőpiacra való belépés módjai felsőfokú tanulmányok folytatása mellett
93-101Views:64Manapság egyre inkább munkáról és nem munkahelyről beszélünk, hiszen a munka térbelisége megszűnőben van. Nem határozható meg konkrétan a munka helye, és időkerete sem, mert a hangsúly a feladatokon és a feladatok elvégzésén van. Hála a fejlett technológia vívmányainak, sokaknak már ki sem kell mozdulniuk otthonaikból, hisz számítógép, internet és telefon segítségével végzik munkájukat (Kiss – Répáczky 2012).
Munka szempontjából megkülönböztetünk fizetett és nem fizetett munkát. Ha a munka fizetett, akkor a javak és szolgáltatások előállítása nem csupán alturista, belső késztetésből történik, hanem a tudatos pénzszerzésért. Legtöbb ember ezt a fajta „munkát” választja, hisz a pénz létszükségletté vált a mindennapi élethez.
Ugyanakkor előfordul, hogy a szolgáltatások előállítása ellenszolgáltatás nélkül történik, az egyén a közjót szolgálja, a tevékenységet szabad akaratából végzi, ami belső és/vagy külső indíttatású. Ekkor önkéntes munkáról beszélünk. Az önkéntességnek két típusát különböztethetjük meg. A régi típusú önkéntességre jellemző a szegényeken való segítés, a vallás, a hit fontossága, az erkölcsi kötelesség és a közösséghez tartozás, míg az új típusú önkéntességre a tapasztalatszerzés, a kihívás, a szakmai fejlődés, emellett fontos a szabadidő hasznos eltöltése, illetve új barátok szerzése is (Fényes - Kiss 2011b).
Egy felsőoktatásból a munkaerő-piacra lépő személy válaszút elé kerül, hogy melyik munkatípust is válassza, hosszú távon melyik lesz a kifizetődőbb, és ha már döntött is, rengeteg a munkaadó által előírt kritériumnak kell megfelelnie, hogy versenyképes tudjon maradni a már elismert, tapasztalattal rendelkező társai mellett. A munkáltatók szerint szükség van fiatal, frissdiplomás alkalmazottakra, hiszen ők azok, akik a legkorszerűbb tudással rendelkeznek. Ugyanakkor már a jelentkezés folyamán több hibát vétenek, mint egy régen diplomázott személy, és kevesen rendelkeznek olyan képességekkel, melyekkel fel tudnák magukra vonni a munkáltató figyelmét. Hiszen nem rendelkeznek elegendő gyakorlati tudással, elkötelezettséggel, a munka iránt tisztelettel és munkakultúrával. A legtöbb helyen, fontos legalább egy nyelv jó ismerete, a jó kommunikációs készség, az informatikai ismeretek, a nagyfokú munkaterhelhetőség, az önállóság, az elhivatottság, a motiváció és a készség a csapatmunkára. Mindezeknek azonban nagy kihívás megfelelni egy olyan frissdiplomás fiatalnak, aki még nem rendelkezik semmiféle munkatapasztalattal. Így sokan úgy próbálják orvosolni ezt a problémát, hogy már felsőoktatási tanulmányaik során munkába állnak, ezzel is megalapozva későbbi elhelyezkedési esélyeiket (Forgó et al. 2009).
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Perceptions of families with children and the social professionals working with them on services promoting the well-being and social mobility of families
3-28Views:22In our study, we investigate how families with children living in a disadvantaged sub-region of Northern Hungary, in areas of different settlement size and in settlements belonging to the Budapest agglomeration, perceive the available educational,
education, childcare, health and social services, whether they have any information about them, and what professionals working with families with children think about the education, childcare, health and social services and services available to them.
the professional content and quality of the services provided, and whether
the extent to which they can contribute to the well-being and social mobility of families. Our research included a population questionnaire survey and interviews with professionals and families with children. Our results indicate that children's abilities
the lack of services to develop their abilities, develop their talents and promote their well-being, the
existing education, health and social services with very limited capacity and therefore low quality, and limited access to cultural and recreational opportunities
mobility opportunities for children growing up in disadvantaged families are severely limited. Child welfare social work tools are scarce and social interventions are based on fire-fighting. -
Labour law and insurance from patriarchy to the beginning of nationalisation
279-282Views:12If the reader picks up Zsombor Bódy's The Society of Industrial Labour, the title page will probably lead him to a long discussion of the new problems and tasks caused by industrialisation, and the structure and situation of social relations that it changed.
However, reading the first pages, we understand that Bódy, touching on the deeper social context, selects only a slice of the complex problems of industrial society of the time, the development and change of the institutional system related to work from the mid-19th century to the end of the Second World War. The author, who has extensively processed relevant volumes of international and national literature and numerous archival and printed sources, has synthesised his findings in this volume after several smaller studies. The work contains a number of new approaches and new problem definitions, which I would like to reflect on below. From the book we can learn about the views and plans of the time in relation to labour, the provisions that were born, from the patriarchal view to the beginning of the era of nationalisation. A great advantage of the work is that it analyses at length the prevailing social policy ideas of each period, contrasting the different views. It deals not only with governmental ideas, but also with the views of the opposition, the interest groups and, last but not least, the experts and their associations of the time. It examines the power of each organisation in each era and the influence it could exert on decision-makers, achieving different results, even against other groups. All of this is to the advantage of the essay, and the author perhaps sometimes over-details the battles between different views. -
The transition between higher education and work
203-215Views:28One indicator of the labour market situation of recent graduates is the length and quality of the post-graduation period. Today, the path from higher education to the labour market is increasingly complex and flexible, with many people already working during their university or college years, while others find it takes months to find a job after graduation. The transition therefore starts during the period of study, before graduation, in the form of internships, work placements during training, or even voluntary work. Nowadays, the delay in finding a job has led to the status of unemployed recent graduates who are no longer studying but not yet working. However, the recent graduate unemployed behave differently from other unemployed groups, as they have generally not yet worked full-time and are supported by their families.
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The role of a children group for the participant, underprivileged children in the family care system 1995–2005
113-135Views:10The aim of this paper is to analyse the methods and effects of a children group, which existed
from 1995 till 2005. The relevance of this group is, that the beginning of this period preludes the
constitution of the Hungarian child protection law. After the transmission period the emerging
social service system provided (or at least tried) supports and services. Those families whose
children were involved in this child group were dealing with unemployment, poverty, lack of
proper housing, abuse, deviance and addictions. The significance of this group that the given
service was easily ductile to the needs of the children and families. -
Child protection in light of the Theory of Change
154-165Views:20It is essential that the child’s individual needs determine the required services and how these can give adequate responses to children’s problems. In Hungary, the child protection system is driven by less established professional principles, service planning and provision are of an ad hoc nature, child protection services lack any conscious design. The present study is based upon main qualitative results obtained from the research subject of “Is the State a Good Parent?”. Our goal is to reveal how the child’s needs are met in the system of the Hungarian child protection services (institutional and foster care), in what way the system can serve best the interests of the child, what systemic flaws can be identified according to child protection experts opinion.
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The Career Concepts of Male Workers with or without Child
91-105Views:14The question of reconciliation of work and family is getting highlighted in social studies. For a
long time, a lot of studies concentrated on young mothers; however, researchers have realized
that this problem proves difficult to men as well. As Bencsik-Juhász write: ” As the actual labor
market primarily employs and caters for men, with all the inherent ad-vantages (like higher wages for the same job) and disadvantages (like longer working hours), it is no wonder that
the stronger labor-market presence and activity of women also changes the traditional family
roles”(Bencsik – Juhász 2012: 616). The public opinion has been starting to expect double sets of
obligations from the fathers, the traditional family supporter role is still strong, while men are
also expected today to take part in child-rearing. The question is whether these processes effect
on men’s career.
This study presents career perspectives of male workers with or without child. The authors
made a quantitative survey in order to get to know this question. Based on research conducted in
2016, it is possible to say that men with or without child are different in this question. -
Changes in family decision-making and division of labor among weekly families
148-165Views:52The study deals with the transformation of decisions and division of labor within the family by
processing the results of a qualitative, interviewed study of the target group of weekly workers.
The study shows how decisions are restructured according to roles within the family and how
the roles of women and men change as a result of the regular absence of one family member.
From the point of view of the approach to domestic work, the differences between weekdays and
weekends, which can be considered as a consequence of weekend, come to the fore. In the course
of the analysis, we examined whether there was a change in the decision-making processes
within the family as a result of the weekly (and if so, what areas were affected by the change)
and whether there was a radical change in the division of family responsibilities as a result of the
weekend. I present the results on the basis of two dimensions, on the one hand, of the phenomena
of disposition and decision-making over income, and, on the other hand, of the division of family
responsibilities and problem-solving. -
Equal opportunities at work? Equal opportunities and legal protection in the labour market
46-63Views:26The study examines the realization and the development of legal protection of equal opportunities
in the labour market. The purpose of the research is to identify the most common problems
related to the violation of equal opportunities during the period since the Equal Treatment
Authority began its work.
The study explores whether types of discrimination can be identified, which are the most
prominent and which are the most disadvantaged characteristics of the labour market in
Hungary today. The correlations discovered demonstrate that although regulation of the legal
background has greatly facilitated the awareness of individuals in this field, there is a need to
create further forums of discussion to achieve measurable results. -
Participatory research of social issues: practical experience from a research project on homelessness
40-61Views:56This article is an account of our practical research and cooperation experience from a
participatory research project on homelessness and psychosocial disability carried out in a
Hungarian university context, by a student and two experts by experience in a researcher role.
We argue for the involvement of disadvantaged people using social services in research related
to disadvantaged people and social services, highlighting the advantages and challenges of this
kind of research based on our experience. Finally, we formulate practical recommendations that
migh be useful for beginners – like we used to be – in participatory research in this field. -
Női szempontok…: A nők növekvő munkaerő-piaci jelenléte és hatása az amerikai családok életére az ezredfordulón
3-15Views:23A szakértők régóta vizsgálják a női munkavállalásban történt változások hatását az amerikai családok életére. Az 1970 és 2001 közötti időszakban a gyermeküket egyedül nevelő vagy párkapcsolatban élő, huszonöt és negyvennégy év közötti nők körében a foglalkoztatottsági ráta 43 százalékról 71 százalékra emelkedett. A családok számára a női munkavállalási kedv emelkedése egyet jelentett azzal, hogy a nők otthoni és egyéb, nem piaci tevékenysége a fizetett piaci munka irányába tolódott el. Ennek következményeként sok család csak úgy képes megoldani a gyermek ellátását, hogy fizetett szolgáltatást vesz igénybe. Ebben a tanulmányban, a témában meghatározó tanulmányok elemzésével, (1) a munka- és a gyermekvállalás stratégiáit vesszük górcső alá az egyedülálló és a párkapcsolatban élő anyák körében (2), valamint azt, hogy a munkavállaló anyák távollétének milyen következményei vannak a gyermek fejlődésére. Tanulmányunkban mindezeken felül bemutatjuk a gyermekvállalás időzítését és az első gyermek megszületése körüli munkavállalási trendeket is, különös tekintettel a 25 és 44 év közötti, a gyermekvállalás és gyermeknevelés aktív időszakában lévő nők munkaerő-piaci jelenlétére, továbbá a nők és a férfiak házimunkában és a gyermek gondozásában vállalt szerepére.
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Hungarian Academics Working Abroad: Female and Male Career Paths
23-48Views:17Transnational mobility has not only become an integral part of the successful, internatonally driven career path of academics, but is emerging to a great extent as a major performance requirement. Similarly to academic careers in general, international mobility of researchers is also a gendered process to a great extent. This paper aims to assess the most important characteristics of Hungarian researchers working abroad with special attention put on the similarities and differences identified in the career path of female and male researchers. With an online self-administered questionnaire distributed through a snowball sampling methodology
among Hungarian PhD-holders working abroad for more than one year, we investigated the motivation for international mobility, the career path, work contracts, work-life balance, future career plans and the perception of the value of the PhD degree. Our key findings indicate that male researchers’s labour market position is more advantageous abroad than female researchers’ and overall they are more convinved of the positive value of their PhD degree, while female academics were statisfied, but at a more moderate level. -
Career planning and competences assessment among university students
34-45Views:32Planning a career cannot be started soon enough. The determination of following a
career path preceded by significant decisions and aims. Several pieces of research are
dedicated to the affiliation of young adults self-awareness and career paths in terms of
seeking work. University students rarely have the appropriate amount of self-knowledge.
Nowadays in the labour market beside the qualification, competencies are growing in importance. It is crucial to have certain communication, integration and strategic
skills to successfully find a quality job. The University of Debrecen provides a wide
variety of available services regarding individual job search support or consultation
and the commitment of a career path. The surveyed university students valued the
importance of these services and competencies related to improving the finding of a
job after graduation. The conformity between the knowledge of the available services
and the required and existing skills could be helpful in the labour market after getting
the university degree. The questionnaire was filled out by students from the University
of Debrecen and valued by the IBM SPSS Statistics programme. -
Similarities and Differences of Students’ Labour Market Paths Graduated in the Field of Social Science
109-140Views:25We study graduate trainees’ (short) paths of four „social courses” and their transition from higher education to the labour market. We have thought in cases of the chosen social courses, that differences can become perceivable besides similarities. It has also been assumed that sociologists of the four chosen professions can be characterized by a diverse labour market behaviour from the other ones. It can be partially explained by the objectives, the content of their courses and the flexibility of the prospective institutional system. Compared to the above in cases of other social courses a diverse picture has been experienced by us based on the socio-demographic background and experience in labour market, expectations and satisfaction. Social workers and socio-politicians’ socio-demographic indicators are quite similar just like the socio-politicians and sociologists’ indicators are. This may be due to the effect of the level of master/academic education. We analyse the results of Graduate Tracking System (GTS) 2015 data collection in our presentation. The research was carried out by the Educational Office in co-operation with higher education institutions in the form of an online questionnaire. We sorted the respondents of the four chosen courses (828) out of all graduated (20 579).
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How do the Spanish families face to crisis? The types and consequences of coping strategies
156-170.Views:15The impact of the crisis in Spain helped to harden the difficulties of a large number of households
in Spain. Even though these conditions had a widespread impact, it has been more acute in
families that prior to the crisis were dealing with difficult situations. The main objective of this
paper is to identify strategies the households developed in order to face these difficulties. The
results have been selected from a qualitative analysis of 34 excluded household´s life stories. From
this analysis two interesting results were obtained: On the one hand, households have developed
prevention and survival strategies. On the other hand, the study identifies the consequences of
the strategies and their impact in terms of household´s social integration. With all the results,
the paper invites to reflect on the limits of survival strategies. -
Where do young villagers work? Types of social bonds and occupational characters of young generations living in small villages
55-85.Views:19One of the defining elements of local identity is the opportunity to work and the chance ofear- ning money. These factors are especially important in small villages within low-populated rural areas, where due to changes in the production structure and land ownership job opportunities become less and less. In the absence of livelihood opportunities and adequate income for young people living in the countryside, the migration process is intensifying, the villages are aging and become more and more depopulated. A smaller part of young villagers however remain in the settlement, with new marginalized settlers from urban areas, who appear alongside them.
Our case study, based on 104 interviews in 12 settlements, seeks to find whether young peop- le – aged 19–25 – look at village life as a constraint or an opportunity. The central question is whether they think that this marginal status, with an assumingly cheap village life, is the only choice for them, or they are convinced that they are staying in small villages due to their cons- cious choice in favour of a rural lifestyle.
Focusing on employment strategies, the aim of this paper is to look at the dimensions of local attachment of the target group, and to show the various labour market characteristics of the target groupthat develops within the given framework.
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Reification, child protection in lock-ups
34-46Views:21This paper examines how the child protection system can address the problems of children and young adults, compensate for childhood disadvantage and promote successful social integration. To what extent are the professional means available within the state structure to achieve all these goals - as declared in the Child Protection Act of 1997. The interpretation of solidarity as a value in child protection is clear, since child protection aims to improve the situation of families affected by child protection problems and to promote their healthy personal development. The study, based on interviews with professionals and experts and a short case study, draws attention to the shortcomings and limitations of the system.
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Effectively influence on people: or are helping professionals free to utilize manipulative impacts?
78-108Views:23The economic and political crises of the last two decades have been greatly influenced by the fact
that, impacted by manipulative effects, instead to follow their rational judgements people have
made their decisions under the influence of emotional and instinctive temtation, deception and
manipulation. So far, these manipulative influences dominate contemporary commercial or populist political communication. The paper below shares the author’s hesitation that, while
non-rational factors bias from rational arguing and reasoning, both in decision-making and in
communicative impacts on the other person inevitably present, is it acceptable to manipulate
the users/clients by assisting professionals/social workers while exercising influence on decision-making of their clients? And if so, under what conditions, what specific constraints could be
exercised such impacts and „professional power”? Likewise, when and what can and should be
done to immunize clients against manipulation, to mitigate manipulative effects, to „gain back”
rational mind and „empower” clients to follow rational consideration and make wiser decisions?
The article does not undertake to provide „only” true and correct answers, rather gives insights
and tries to provoke its reader to contribute to clarifying this important issue. -
The situation of Hungarian minority households with children in Transcarpatia
53-71.Views:26In our study, we present the situation of Hungarian minority households with children in Ukrai-nian villages based on the results of our qualitative and quantitative researches. In the explora-tory research, 23 interviews were made, and in the questionnaire, research data were obtained from a total of 139 households and 253 children. We present the poverty of households with children along the standard of living and the deprivation features of the households. The core of our analysis is the specific labor market situation, the earning opportunities,and forms of employment that provide for livelihoods for the households with children. Beside the backward-ness of the area studied in the research, the strategies and life situations that characterize the Transcarpathian Hungarians are also presented, which are beyond the known European forms of poverty.
