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Efficient language teaching software in a multimedia context
361-374Views:35In this article I deal with the efficiency of multimedia teaching programs, analyzing possibilities for their improvement in the field of language teaching. This research has been carried out with the use of the latest technologies, language teaching software, internet based language teaching applications, digital dictionaries, online content, and the latest results from the field of computational linguistics. The goal of my research is to create a general model that serves and supports various kinds of approaches to improving efficiency; I cannot attempt to present a complete, detailed analytical review due to the complexity and size of this topic. However, my opinion is that by considering and understanding the theoretical aspects of the subject, and supported by certain important ideas, we will be able to achieve remarkable improvements in the field of learning efficiency and knowledge retention in the language teaching and learning process that might lead to outstanding results. -
Can a language be before “the first programming language”?
209-224Views:24I would like to present a potential new language which can be before "the first programming language". We can use this to write down the algorithms and source code can be generated from this. The keyword is XML. This can be used for describing algorithms, easy to check the syntax and the semantic. Source code can be transformed with XSLT. So the usage of this new language can help us to answer the question, which is the best first programming language? -
A first course in computer science: languages and goals
137-152Views:17The College Board Advanced Placement exam in computer science will use the language Java starting in fall 2003. The language chosen for this exam is based on the language commonly taught in introductory computer science courses at the university level. This article reviews the purpose of an introductory course and the various suggestions for the curriculum of introductory courses published by the Association for Computing Machinery. It then proposes that such a course stress foundational concepts over specific language syntax, and then provides a list of such foundational concepts and related topics. Based on this fundamental curriculum, the article recommends C++ as the most appropriate language. An appendix provides a sample syllabus. -
Research on IT language use at a company
203-219Views:33The aim of the research of the IT language, used in the written documents of a company, is to contribute to the creation of a (mono- or bilingual) dictionary or encyclopaedia available for the public on the Internet, serving, among others, as a reference tool for the unified, controlled and unambiguous use of IT terms for students at various educational levels. To this ongoing work, the participation and cooperation of a panel of experts of different competences, linguists as well as IT experts, is indispensable.
The methods of corpus linguistics were used to carry out the research. The IT terms were separated from the texts and then a concordance software was used to see the environment of the IT words and phrases in which they occur. So their morphological analysis became possible.
The results of the research showed that a great number of Hungarian morphological language use problems stem from the way the IT terms are used in the documents. This paper lists, groups, analyses these phenomena.
The conclusions of the author are: (1) If such an Internet dictionary is used generally and consulted when e.g. somebody wants to write a composition or essay, translate an article, write a newspaper article, a scientific publication or a textbook to be taught at schools of different types and levels, etc. most of the communication noises could be filtered out. (2) At the same time it could promote the use of adequate (both in linguistic and technical meaning) Hungarian terms eliminating the "Hunglish" usage. (3) It could also contribute to the prevailing use of the relevant Hungarian terminology. Such a dictionary would be indispensable, not only in educational and industrial environments but in the electronic and traditional media as well. Last but not least, it could raise the level of different teaching materials (textbooks, e-materials, etc.) used in public and higher education. -
Report on "English Language Section of Varga Tamás Days": annual meeting, 11–12 November, 2005, Budapest, Hungary
217-223Views:36The Department of Mathematics Education at Teacher Training Institute of Eötvös University organised the 5th English Language Section as a part of Varga Tamás Methodical Days. We discuss the activities based on the authors' abstracts. -
Report on the "English Language Section of Varga Tamás Days 2009"
169-175Views:32The 9th English Language Section as a part of the Varga Tamás Days was organised by the Department of Mathematics Education at the Teacher Training Institute of the Eötvös Loránd University. We report on the talks and the following discussions in this section. -
Frequency-based dynamic models for the analysis of English and Hungarian literary works and coursebooks for English as a second language
53-70Views:35We examined the characteristics of how word types are introduced in English and Hungarian literary works as well as in English coursebooks written for second language learners. By subdividing the texts into small segments of equal length, we were able to pinpoint subtle changes in the narrative. Based on the frequency of the word types in the original text a model was generated, and applying the model artificial texts were created. By comparing the original and the artificial texts, the places where these changes within the narrative occurred, could be located. Studying coursebooks we found that their vocabulary and how they introduce word types resembled those of randomly collected and concatenated short stories. According to our observations writers of the coursebooks forget that not only should the number of word types be carefully planned, but their repetition, in sufficient number, should also be cared for. -
Mechanisms for teaching introductory programming using active learning
407-421Views:27One of the requirements of teaching introductory programming to students whose branch of learning is engineering or science is bridging the gap between in-class lectures and real-world applications. Traditional passive approaches to lecturing often focus on the syntax of a language with little or no discussion of the process involved in using the language to design algorithms to solve real-world problems. One way of overcoming the limitations of traditional lecturing is by tailoring lectures towards becoming more student-oriented, a pedagogical methodology known as active learning. This paper explores mechanisms for implementing active learning in introductory programming courses in computer science. -
Report on the Conference of History of Mathematics & Teaching of Mathematics with Special Subject Ethno-mathematics: Research in History of Mathematics & Teaching of Mathematics : University of Miskolc, 18–21 May, 2006, Miskolc, Hungary
437-449Views:35The 4th Conference on History of Mathematics & Teaching of Mathematics with Special Subject Ethno-mathematics was organized at the University of Miskolc (Hungary). The aim of the conference was to present aspects of the History of Mathematics and Ethno-mathematics, including its impact on the Teaching of Mathematics.
Its motto was: Mathematics – a common language for Europe for thousand years.
There were 21 presentations, a poster lecture (J. Kolumbán, University of Cluj, Romania) and an exhibition made by students of Eötvös University, Budapest (R. Tanács, K. Varga).
After a short historical introduction we present 19 abstracts and the poster lecture. -
Programming Theorems and Their Applications
213-241Views:117One of the effective methodological approaches in programming that supports the design and development of reliable software is analogy-based programming. Within this framework, the method of problem reduction plays a key role. Reducing a given problem to another one whose solving algorithm is already known can be made more efficient by the application of programming theorems. These represent proven, abstract solutions – in a general form – to some of the most common problems in programming. In this article, we present six fundamental programming theorems as well as pose five sample problems. In solving these problems, all six programming theorems will be applied. In the process of reduction, we will employ a concise specification language. Programming theorems and solutions to the problems will be given using the structogram form. However, we will use pseudocodes as descriptions of algorithms resembling their actual implementation in Python. A functional style solution to one of the problems will also be presented, which is to illustrate that for the implementation in Python, it is sufficient to give the specification of the problem for the design of the solution. The content of the article essentially corresponds to that of the introductory lectures of a course we offered to students enrolled in the Applied Mathematics specialization.
Subject Classification: D40
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Report on the Conference of History of Mathematics and Teaching of Mathematics: research in History of Mathematics and Teaching of Mathematics : University of Szeged 19-23 May, 2010, Szeged, Hungary
319-338Views:35The 6th Conference on the History of Mathematics and Teaching of Mathematics was held in Szeged (Hungary). Its motto reads as:
Mathematics – a common language for Europe for thousand years.
The aim of the conference was to present aspects of History of Mathematics, including its impact on Teaching of Mathematics, to provide a forum to meet each other, and to give an opportunity for young researchers to present their results in these fields. University colleagues, students, graduate students and other researchers were invited. The programme of the Conference included talks and posters. The abstracts of the lectures and the posters are presented in this report. There were 24 presentations and poster lectures. -
Illustrated analysis of Rule of Four using Maple
383-404Views:37Rule of Four, as a basic didactic principle, was formulated among the NCTM 2000 standards (see [14]) and since then it is quoted by numerous books and publications (see [4], [9], [12]). Practically we can say it is accepted by the community of didactic experts. The usage of the Rule of Four, however, has been realized mainly in the field of calculus, in fact certain authors restrict the wording of the principle to the calculus itself (e.g. [3]).
Calculus is a pleasant field, indeed. A sequence of values of a function provides us with example for numeric representation, while the formula and the graph of the function illustrate symbolic and graphical representations, respectively. In the end by wording the basic features of the function on natural language we gain textual representation.
This idyllic scene, however, becomes more complex when we leave the frame of calculus. In this paper we investigate the consequences of the usage of Rule of Four outside calculus. We discuss the different types of representations and show several examples which make the multiple features of representation evident. The examples are from different fields of mathematics and are created by the computer algebra system Maple, which turns out to be an excellent tool for illustration and visualization of the maim features of mathematical objects.
Next we introduce the concept of basic representation and rational representation, which is considered as the mathematical notion of "didactic usable" or "didactic rational" representation. In the end we generalize the notion of numeric representation, which leads us a more widely usable didactic principle which can be considered as a generalization of Rule of Four. -
Analysing the effects of OOP helper application
65-75Views:25Nowadays students of secondary schools are familiar with the usage of computer very soon, lot of them are even capable of handling user applications very cleverly. This is satisfying for most of them. Those who imagine their future in programming or system developing, need to have deeper knowledge about object oriented programming, however, students do have it at very low level or not at all. We want to make sure whether this suppose is true, so different examinations have recently been made at Slovakian secondary schools with Hungarian teaching language. We have reached a conclusion that the students' knowledge of object oriented programming is deficient. We could achieve better results by using proper applications as a visual aid. In this paper we examine the efficiency of an application made by us. -
The investigation of students' skills in the process of function concept creation
249-266Views:23Function is a basic concept of mathematics, in particular, mathematical analysis. After an analysis of the function concept development process, I propose a model of rule following and rule recognition skills development that combines features of the van Hiele levels and the levels of language about function [11]. Using this model I investigate students' rule following and rule recognition skills from the viewpoint of the preparation for the function concept of sixth grade students (12-13 years old) in the Ukrainian and Hungarian education system. -
Programming theorems on enumerator
89-108Views:37This paper deals with the examination of the programming patterns best known by programmers: the programming theorems. It is a significant issue that in what way these patterns can be formulated in order to solve a relatively broad spectrum of problems using a small number of patterns. In this paper, the well known programming theorems are applied to the processing of enumerators. To this end, the robustness of patterns gained this way will be presented, and it will be also pointed out how the programs thus constructed can be implemented in the modern object-oriented programming environments: in language C++, Java and C#. -
The role of representations constructed by students in learning how to solve the transportation problem
129-148Views:107The purpose of the research presented in this paper was to study the role of concrete and table representations created by students in learning how to solve an optimization problem called the transportation problem. This topic was learned in collaborative groups using table representations suggested by teachers in 2021. In 2022, the researchers decided to enrich the students’ learning environment with concrete objects and urged the students to use them to present the problem to be solved. The students did it successfully and, to be able to record it in their notebooks, they constructed a table representation by themselves without any help from their teacher. After that, they managed to solve the problem by manipulating the objects. At the same time, each step in the solution was presented with changes in the table. The students were assessed before (pre-test) and after collaborative learning (test) in both academic years. The pre-test results were similar, but the test results were better in 2022. Therefore, it can be concluded that using concrete and table representations constructed by students in learning how to solve transportation problems makes collaborative learning more constructivist and more effective than when they use only table representations suggested by their teachers.
Subject Classification: 97M10, 97M40
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A didactic analysis of merge sort
195-210Views:23Due to technical difficulties, educators teaching merge sort often avoid the analysis of the cost in the general and average cases. Using basic discrete mathematics, elementary real analysis and mathematical induction, we propose a self-contained derivation of bounds αn log_2 n + βn + γ in all cases. Independent of any programming language or pseudo-code, supported by intuitive figures, it is suitable for informatics students interested in the analysis of algorithms. It is also a good exercise in showing that induction allows us to actually discover constants, instead of simply checking them a posteriori. -
Kompetenzstreben und Kompetenzerwerb: Funktionale didaktische Fördermöglichkeiten durch Differenzierung und Individualisierung
1-52Views:32As a first glimpse of specific research endeavours the most important components of competence motivation are discussed in relation to didactical questions of gaining competence by inner differentiation and individualization: self-efficacy, optimal challenge, intrinsic motivation, exploration needs, internal attribution, self-determination motivation, defense of self-worth, self-concept, and achievement motivation. In this sense "competence" means ever changing standards of self-regulation of an individual interacting with the various cognitive and emotional demands of his/her environment.
In fulfilling these requirements a prototypical example of inner differentiation in mathematics instruction is given. This didactical elaboration is available as a selfinstructing unit in Hungarian and German language within the "Electronic periodical of the Department of Methodology of Mathematics" which can be reached under http://mathdid.inhun.com. -
Fibonacci beyond binary recursion
173-185Views:28The Fibonacci series is a classical algorithm taught in computer science, usually implemented in some programming language. It is hard to find a programming textbook which doesn't touch on Fibonacci, and it's most common use is in the illustration of binary recursion. There are also many ways of tailoring the basic algorithm in order to implement it. This paper discusses some novel algorithms, which help address some of the limitations of binary recursion, but also illustrate how differing algorithms can be pedagogically beneficial. We introduce a simple algorithm for accurately calculating any Fibonacci number. -
What does ICT help and does not help?
33-49Views:114Year by year, ICT tools and related teaching methods are evolving a lot. Since 2016, the author of the present lines has been looking for a connection between them that supports the development of mathematical competencies and could be integrated into Transcarpathian minority Hungarian language education too. As a doctoral student at the University of Debrecen, I experienced, for example, how the interactive whiteboard revolutionized illustration in Hungarian mathematics teaching, and how it facilitated students' involvement. During my research of teaching in this regard, in some cases, the digital solution had advantageous effects versus concrete-manipulative representation of
Bruner's too.
At the same time, ICT "canned" learning materials (videos, presentations, ...) allow for a shift towards repetitive learning instead of simultaneous active participation, which can be compensated for by the "retrieval-enhanced" learning method.
I have conducted and intend to conduct several research projects in a Transcarpathian Hungarian primary school. In the research so far, I examined whether, in addition to the financial and infrastructural features of the Transcarpathian Hungarian school, the increased "ICT-supported" and the "retrieval-enhanced" learning method could be integrated into institutional mathematics education. I examined the use of two types of ICT devices: one was the interactive whiteboard, and the other was providing one computer per student.
In this article, I describe my experiences, gained during one semester, in the class taught with the interactive whiteboard on the one hand, and in the class taught according to the "retrieval-enhanced" learning method on the other hand.
I compare the effectiveness of the classes to their previous achievements, to each other, and to a class in Hungary.Subject Classification: 97U70
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Brute force on 10 letters
183-193Views:31We deal with two problems in the set of 10-character-long strings. Both problems can be solved by slightly different methods, but our approach for each is brute force. As we point out, there can be differences in effectivity even in different brute force algorithms. As an additional result, we answer an open question of Raymond Smullyan's. -
Better understanding mathematics by algorithmic thinking and computer programming
295-305Views:117Tamás Varga’s mathematics education experiment covered not just mathematics, but also other related topics. In many of his works he clearly stated that computer science can support the understanding of mathematics as much as mathematics supports informatics. On the other hand, not much later than the introduction of the new curriculum in 1978, personal computers started to spread, making it possible to teach informatics in classes and in extracurricular activities. Varga’s guided discovery approach has a didactic value for other age groups as well, not only in primary school. Its long-lasting effect can be observed even in present times. Having reviewed several educational results in the spirit of Tamás Varga, we have decided to present an extracurricular course. It is an open study group for age 12-18. Students solve problems by developing Python programs and, according to our experiences, this results in a deeper understanding of mathematical concepts.
Subject Classification: 97B10, 97B20, 97D50, 97N80, 97P20, 97P30, 97P40, 97P50, 97U70
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Metadata formats and the new markup language from library field
85-102Views:6Using new communication technologies libraries must face continuously new questions, possibilities and expectations. This study discusses some library-related aspects of our electronic era and how computer-related data formats affect bibliographic dataprocessing to give a survey of the most important results.
Altough library systems have been supporting the creation and maintenance of MARC records for decades, the need to create other forms of metadata is relatively new. In higher education it is important that students get acquainted with these new aspects of bibliographic description and bibliographic dataprocessing.
In our department I launched the BDML development project in order to standardize bibliographic description (based on Hungarian standard 3424/1) with the help of XML. The development aims at the creation of a set of standards that provides information about the structure of bibliographic description in XML form. In the second part of the paper I give a brief presentation and summary of BDML. -
Teaching multiparadigm programming based on object-oriented experiences
171-182Views:25Multiparadigm programming is an emerging practice in computer technology. Co-existence of object-oriented, generic and functional techniques can better handle variability of projects. The present paper gives an overview of teaching multiparadigm programming approach through typical language concepts, tools in higher education. Students learning multiparadigm-oriented subjects would gain considerable expertise, which is highly needed by the industrial side in large-scale application development. -
Solution of an open reality based word-problem in two secondary schools
143-156Views:106This survey through an open reality based word problem is intended to assess - in two secondary schools in Komárom (Hungary) and in Komarno (Slovakia, Hungarian name: Révkomárom) in grade 10 - the ability of students to realize openness of a task. The comparison is justified by the fact that the language of teaching is Hungarian in both secondary schools, but with different curricula. This survey is related to the Content Pedagogy Research Program by the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. It is preceded by several surveys with a word problem (Pocket Money) of the third author and led by her between 2012 and 2015, and within that project in 2017 within a large sample test, among about 1500 students and university students in Hungary (?, ?) (?, ?). In our research we wanted first to assess how openly work students in two schools of the two cities mentioned in solving the same task. The answer to this question was similar to the large sample test results, so most of the students worked in a closed way, when solving this word problem. So we went on and tried to explore how students thought about their own solution given to this task, through mixed-type interviews.
Subject Classification: 97D70, 97F90, 97D50, 97M10