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• Drawn Commuters: Caricature as a visual historical resource

  125-150

  Zsófia Kisőrsi

  Views:

  57

  Despite of the fact that during the time of state socialism commuters meant a continuously
  growing social group both in proportion and in size, writing about their social history has
  been pushed into the background so far. The author’s aim is to fill this gap by trying to discover
  the most of the available sources of different genres. The present study shows part of this
  larger volume work, it shows what it can add to our knowledge about a social group through
  traditional sources if we include caricatures of a given social group as visual historical sources
  in the analysis.
  In this paper, the author analyses sixteen caricatures of commuters, published in “Ludas
  Matyi,” comparing written and audio visual sources. In the study, she tries, among other things,
  to find out if there was a definite commuter picture of “Ludas Matyi”, and if so, to what extent
  did this commuter’s image differ from that of other products in the press? To what extent did the
  satirical portrayal of commuters refer to long-distance commuters and to what extent to daily
  commuters? Were the real anomalies of commuting in the era reflected in Ludas Matyi?
  The analysis discusses the economic and social processes that characterize the time of
  publishing the caricatures, and denominates the external and internal characteristics and
  emotions commuters were endowed with.The aim of the author is to present the method of
  caricature analysis, which emphasizes the comparability of resources.

• ’If a worker’s hostel – let it be good’: The status of worker’s hostels in state and corporate social policy in Szabolcs-Szatmár county in the 1970s

  43-61

  Gréta Murányi-Győri

  Views:

  76

  The presentation of the commuter’s ’second home’ is inevitable in connection with the research of commuting as one of the most defining social phenomena of the Kádár era. This is particularly justified in Szabolcs-Szatmár county, which area was closely connencted to the phenomenon of short-distance commuting. One of the main goals of the intertwining state and corporate social policy implemented in the era, especially from the first half of the 1960’s, was undoubtedly to ensure satisfactory living conditions and cultural services provided by workers’ hostels. While from the beginning of the 1970’s, the county’s political leadership, one of the companies employing the most commuters, the Szabolcs County State Construction Company, prioritized the matter of workers’ hostels, which had been operated since the beginning of the fifties, from the end of the sixties. The company’s efforts were mainly shown in connection with the creation of suitable hygienic conditions and the provision of cultural opportunities. However, despite the significant financial outlay, a lasting result was not achieved, as a result of which the corporate goals set in previous decades were also prioritized in the 1980’s.

• Some demographic characteristics of long-term commuting in Hungary

  3-19

  István Balcsók

  Views:

  78

  The study aims to show the most important demographic characteristics of long-term
  commuting workers and the emerging territorial disparities using the latest available statistics.
  The main motivation for commuting, including long commuting, is still to get the job they deem
  appropriate, but about a quarter of a million people take on much greater burdens than average
  and only travel home weekly or less frequently in Hungary. Most of them make this decision by
  force, as there are no job opportunities in their place of residence, but the income they provide is
  very important for their families. Long-term commuters mostly do seasonal work (construction,
  catering, etc.) and work in physical jobs. Unsurprisingly, men are more likely to take on the life
  form with increased physical and psychological strain, but not only the heads of the family in
  their forties, but also young people in their 20s who are not yet independent of their families
  are represented in large numbers. Long commuting is characterised by marked territorial
  inequalities, and those affected mainly start from villages, despite the fact that the high level of public employment in the most disadvantaged areas is affecting the direction of the stay of the
  workforce.