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• Some demographic characteristics of long-term commuting in Hungary

  3-19

  Views:

  42

  The study aims to show the most important demographic characteristics of long-term
  commuting workers and the emerging territorial disparities using the latest available statistics.
  The main motivation for commuting, including long commuting, is still to get the job they deem
  appropriate, but about a quarter of a million people take on much greater burdens than average
  and only travel home weekly or less frequently in Hungary. Most of them make this decision by
  force, as there are no job opportunities in their place of residence, but the income they provide is
  very important for their families. Long-term commuters mostly do seasonal work (construction,
  catering, etc.) and work in physical jobs. Unsurprisingly, men are more likely to take on the life
  form with increased physical and psychological strain, but not only the heads of the family in
  their forties, but also young people in their 20s who are not yet independent of their families
  are represented in large numbers. Long commuting is characterised by marked territorial
  inequalities, and those affected mainly start from villages, despite the fact that the high level of public employment in the most disadvantaged areas is affecting the direction of the stay of the
  workforce.

• „He only knows about everything, but does not experience anything!” – deciding on weekly commuting in terms of educational qualifications

  20-37

  Views:

  19

  This paper presents the group of domestic commuters who can only go home and meet their
  families – in the best case – once a week. It is based on a survey conducted in 2019 in which
  24 commuters together with their family members at home were interviewed about why they
  had decided on working far away from home. Looking for similar and different characteristic
  features, we have analyzed the interviews in terms of the respondents’ educational qualifications.
  Our results prove undoubtedly that the lower qualifications the respondents have, the fewer
  job options they will have; moreover, they are also in vulnerable position concerning getting
  accommodation, spending free time or finding suitable means of transport to go home.

• ’If a worker’s hostel – let it be good’: The status of worker’s hostels in state and corporate social policy in Szabolcs-Szatmár county in the 1970s

  43-61

  Gréta Murányi-Győri

  Views:

  35

  The presentation of the commuter’s ’second home’ is inevitable in connection with the research of commuting as one of the most defining social phenomena of the Kádár era. This is particularly justified in Szabolcs-Szatmár county, which area was closely connencted to the phenomenon of short-distance commuting. One of the main goals of the intertwining state and corporate social policy implemented in the era, especially from the first half of the 1960’s, was undoubtedly to ensure satisfactory living conditions and cultural services provided by workers’ hostels. While from the beginning of the 1970’s, the county’s political leadership, one of the companies employing the most commuters, the Szabolcs County State Construction Company, prioritized the matter of workers’ hostels, which had been operated since the beginning of the fifties, from the end of the sixties. The company’s efforts were mainly shown in connection with the creation of suitable hygienic conditions and the provision of cultural opportunities. However, despite the significant financial outlay, a lasting result was not achieved, as a result of which the corporate goals set in previous decades were also prioritized in the 1980’s.

• „We were born here, we grew up here, our relatives and our children are here… everything are in our village”. Weekly commuting in a village of Tiszahát

  38-53

  Views:

  12

  The study present the weekly commuting in a small village of 1600 resident in Tiszahát. The
  economic situation of the settlement, employment and income opportunities are lower than
  national average, which also has an extremely strong impact on the livability of the village.
  The local primary labor market can employ few workers, other employees can work in public
  employment or they can work as a seasonal worker in agriculture buti it does not provide an
  income that can be calculated all year. There are few opportunities in the region, so they can
  not work in the nearby settlements. Many locals have to go to remote settlement for work. We
  prepared interviews to examine: how weekly commuting became popular in the village and how
  it affected local families and the local community.

• Alone together? Shared space, time, and solidarity in commuter relationships

  72-87

  Views:

  16

  Long-distance relationships have always existed, however, as a result of globalization, modern
  communication technology, as well as widespread travel opportunities, their number has
  increased. This study focuses on commuter relationships, that is, those couples that only see
  each other during the weekend or in every few weeks due to working far from their home. 24
  interviews were conducted with commuter couples in small towns and villages. A key research
  question involved satisfaction levels among interviewees. Dissatisfaction with their relationship
  was relatively rare, except some women complained about increased household tasks. Daily
  communication and modern communication technology had an immense role in boosting
  satisfaction levels. Technology has also contributed to the creation of shared space and time
  among commuter couples. Regular communication, special dates, and shared plans for the
  future also raised relationship solidarity. To survive time apart and make time spent together
  more special timework was used, which was done together for the purpose of influencing the
  subconscious and subjective sense of time.