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• The Earning and cash management characteristics of the roma communities living on the margins of society in Budapest

  110-128

  András Balázs

  Views:

  37

  In this essay, I aim to explore the income and cash management characteristics of the roma
  communities living on the margins of society in Budapest. In my research, my main focus was the
  way people are living in the segregated streets of “Magdolna district” reacted to the declining
  opportunities after the economical system change. Another question to be answered is what
  strategies these families and households use to provide the sufficient amount of income, and if
  there is any kind of economical or ’life-management’ community function between them beyond
  the segregation.
  After reviewing the job opportunities, I concentrated on the characteristics of the consumption
  structure. I interviewed them about their costs of living as well as the possible ways of reducing
  their expences. I also tried to examine how the cooperation of extended families effect the
  everyday life of the smaller parts of these families.

• Where do young villagers work? Types of social bonds and occupational characters of young generations living in small villages

  55-85.

  Views:

  33

  One of the defining elements of local identity is the opportunity to work and the chance ofear- ning money. These factors are especially important in small villages within low-populated rural areas, where due to changes in the production structure and land ownership job opportunities become less and less. In the absence of livelihood opportunities and adequate income for young people living in the countryside, the migration process is intensifying, the villages are aging and become more and more depopulated. A smaller part of young villagers however remain in the settlement, with new marginalized settlers from urban areas, who appear alongside them.

  Our case study, based on 104 interviews in 12 settlements, seeks to find whether young peop- le – aged 19–25 – look at village life as a constraint or an opportunity. The central question is whether they think that this marginal status, with an assumingly cheap village life, is the only choice for them, or they are convinced that they are staying in small villages due to their cons- cious choice in favour of a rural lifestyle.

  Focusing on employment strategies, the aim of this paper is to look at the dimensions of local attachment of the target group, and to show the various labour market characteristics of the target groupthat develops within the given framework.

• The situation of Hungarian minority households with children in Transcarpatia

  53-71.

  Noémi Loncsák

  Ibolya Czibere

  Views:

  40

  In our study, we present the situation of Hungarian minority households with children in Ukrai-nian villages based on the results of our qualitative and quantitative researches. In the explora-tory research, 23 interviews were made, and in the questionnaire, research data were obtained from a total of 139 households and 253 children. We present the poverty of households with children along the standard of living and the deprivation features of the households. The core of our analysis is the specific labor market situation, the earning opportunities,and forms of employment that provide for livelihoods for the households with children. Beside the backward-ness of the area studied in the research, the strategies and life situations that characterize the Transcarpathian Hungarians are also presented, which are beyond the known European forms of poverty.