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Danger on the labour market - some thoughts on occupational segregation
49-63Views:31Workers must be guaranteed equality, the possibility must be created for them not to be discriminated against on the basis of their work, the activities they carry out, and ultimately the results of their work. This is a serious obligation on the state, which it must ensure through its legislation and through the judgments of the courts, because social security cannot be achieved otherwise. The State's responsibility in this respect is not bound by time or place, since, as long as there has been a legal relationship in the development of labour law, this has always been a matter of concern for workers - and for labour lawyers.
It is not easy to assess, because even today, when general equality and equality of rights have been an accepted principle for centuries in almost all parts of the world (but not, of course, in those parts where, for example, there are serious traditional differences between men and women in society, such as in the Arab world), this problem is still a daily occurrence.
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Social representation of rural youth identity
101-113.Views:29In this paper, we investigate the local and self-identity characteristics of socio-cultural groups based on social representation theory and one of its methods (association method). Carried out on a sample of rural youth, the analysis focused on the relationship between the four groups, distinguished by their social representations of identity, with different intensities of meaning and the sociological background variables. In addition to the expected results, the hypothetical explanation for the contradiction in the emotional attachment and mobility variables can be further empirically confirmed.
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Where is the truth? – Greek catholic high school youth’s justice values
105-123Views:20The purpose of our study is to present what young people think about justice, and how they
are different from the youth and society of the country. The functioning of a society requires
that fair conditions prevail in it. However, there are several types of justice. What young people,
as adults of the future, think about this value is essential for the functioning of a society. We
present philosophical interpretations and value sociological research on justice, then we define
the concept of justice for Hungarian society and Hungarian youth. In our research we asked all
eleventh and twelfth students of a Greek Catholic high school in Eastern Hungary in 2014 and
2019. Quantitative method was used to compare students’ views on justice with the other young
people in the country. According to our results during the five years of research, equality was
more important for young people, especially for the boys. The importance of the value of equality
was clearly related to the religiosity of the asked young people. -
Knowledge, power and discourses in Van Dijk’s Critical Discourse Analysis
94-112Views:84Critical Discourse Analysis (or Critical Discourse Studies – CDA/CDS) examines the relationship between texts, discourses and power, dominance, power abuses and social inequalities. Critical discourse analysis is a multidisciplinary research perspective, which not only examines the interactions between the text, the micro level and its surroundings, the macro level, but its main goal is to uncover social inequalities, expose the forms and modalities of abuse of power. The representatives of CDA are committed to social equality and justice. Present paper presents the work of one of the outstanding representatives of Critical Discourse Analysis, Teun A. Van Dijk, by presenting the history and possibilities of CDA, and also the key elements of Van Dijk’s approach. This study aims to show how knowledge, power and discourse are connected in Van Dijk’s Critical Discourse Analysis.
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A popperi módszertan megjelenése a politikában
102-107Views:16Karl R. Popper tudományfilozófiájának alapjai részben egészen David Hume indukciós kritikájáig nyúlnak vissza. Ebből nő ki tudományos módszertana és társadalomkritikája, amelyben nagy része van a Hayek-féle szocializmus-kritikának is. Ahhoz, hogy a popperi módszertant a lehető legteljesebben megérthessük, először ezeket kell áttekinteni.
David Hume Értekezés az emberi természetről című művében fejtette ki, mit gondol az emberi tapasztalatról és az ok-okozati következtetésről. Hume (2006) szerint az ok-okozati következtetések logikusak, mivel sokszorosan megismétlődött eseményeken, tapasztalatokon alapulnak, de ez nem jogosít fel arra, hogy ismeretlen, meg nem tapasztalt dolgokra is kiterjesszük ezen okfejtéseinket.
Az ő példájával élve, az, hogy a tűz és a meleg fogalmai általában együtt lépnek fel, csak azt bizonyítja, hogy adott körülmények között a tűz meleg, de nincs okunk feltételezni, hogy a körülmények megváltozása esetén ugyanez a reláció fennállna. Ezen állítását megerősítendő, elméletét az érzelmekre és azok viselkedésére is kiterjesztette, amely így szerinte igazolja azok bonyolultságát és kiszámíthatatlanságát, míg ebből következően az ok-okozati feltételezés olyan érzelmekhez vezethet, mint például az előítélet. (Hume 2006: 399-402)
Popper valami egészen hasonlóra jutott, de ellentétben Hume-mal, következtetéseit saját környezetére, nem pedig az elvont érzelmekre terjesztette ki, majd továbblépett a filozófián azzal, hogy bár egy elméleti módszertannal rukkolt elő, azt mégis sikeresen tudta hasznosítani saját munkáiban.
A popperi módszertan alapja a tudományos bizonytalanság, az a meggyőződés, amely szerint sosem lehetünk biztosak az igazunkban. Popper korának tudományfelfogása ezzel élesen szemben állt, a jusztifikációs tudományfilozófia egyértelműen a bizonyíték, a demonstráció és a tapasztalat körül forgott, ez határozott meg minden tudományos elméletet.
Ahogy azt korábban Hume is kimutatta a filozófiában, a demonstráció aligha igazol többet annál, mint a fogalmak pillanatnyi, együttes megjelenését. Popper ezen a vonalon továbbhaladva kritizálta korának tudományfilozófiáját.
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The stealth rehabilitation of the psychicentity
3-17Views:23A deep-seated, ’constitutional problem’ of so-called psy-complex (ontologically ‘psy’ is different
than matter, but it is studied by natural scientific methods) can be detected: ontologically the
psyche is basically different than matter, but the main stream studies of these disciplines take the
natural scientific methods as their research ideal which were created for material beings and
they try to influence and change their ‘object’ by technical-technological attitude. The main aim
of this paper to draw attention to some of the main consequences of this dilemma. -
Majority Decision Making
81-100Views:26Modern democracies, based on pluralism, recognize and affirm diversity, permit peaceful
coexistence of different interests, values and convictions, and advocate a form of political
moderation. For democracy to function and to be successful two of the most challenging
questions must be raised and answered: Who have the right for collective decision-making?
What principle should be used for these people to be elected? With the development of modern
democracies it has become more and more accepted the idea that democracy should rest upon
the principle of majority rule, coupled with individual and minority rights. Majority rule thus
refers to the quantitative aspect of democracy, while individual and minority rights express
the qualitative or constitutional aspect of it. A detailed analysis of democratic decision-making
processes shows that not all decisions made by legislature – whose members are elected by the
majority of the people – are effective and good decisions, and points at the fact that most of the
democratic decisions are not made by the majority but by minority groups, who quite often take
the initiative and can seriously influence the majority. This paper focuses on these issues. -
„I have to be constantly disciplined” – a possible hypothetical model for pedagogical characters
160-172Views:33How discipline the teachers in the primary schools in Hungary? How should they discipline to
meet the expectations, values and norms of our society? According to my research, in today’s
primary schools there are significant differences between discipline and conflict management.
I analyse the differences and I set the behavior patterns of the teachers into three distinct types.
These three characters are controlled from traditions, outside and inside. These three types are
distinctly distinct in everyday life of schools, with different effects on students’ socialization. In
this paper, I present this hypothetical model, its operation in the dimension of discipline. The
interviews that underlie the analysis were prepared by village teachers teaching in the Vásárosnamény micro-region. -
A születési sorrend hatása a nem kognitív készségekre: avagy hányadikként érdemes születnünk, ha vezetői pályára készülünk?
190-195Views:29Gyakran tapasztaljuk, hogy az azonos családban felnővő testvérek személyisége teljesen eltér egymástól, pedig szüleik ugyanabban a családi környezetben, megegyező
elvek és értékrend mentén nevelik őket. A közvélekedés szerint a legidősebb testvér
általában vezető szerephez jut családon belül, ő szolgál viselkedési mintaként kisebb
testvérei számára. A legkisebbek gyakran dacosak, akaratosak, hiszen meg kell küzdeniük a szülői figyelemért, az érvényesülésért, ugyanakkor sokszor túlkényeztetettek is. A középső gyerekek talán a legalkalmazkodóbbak, hiszen ők szinte egész gyermekkorukat testvéreik „szorításában”, kisebb és nagyobb testvéreikhez folyamatosan
alkalmazkodva élik. -
Community is more than just a physical space: Discuss this statement with specific reference to the role of the concept and experience of contemporary community
129-145Views:20What happens if among the members of a society and among the smaller and larger units and groups making up the society trust and confidence seems to be disappearing at once? What happens if confidence reposed into each other fall victim to social differences as well as to the economic / cost-of-living boxing of modern information society? How to stop the crisis symptom that seems to be developing this way and which is shown in the fragmentation of communities?1 With other words, is it possible to “stick again together” a community or even a whole society started to disintegrate? The questions, even if not so characteristically phrased, provide sociologists actually with the scope of understanding our modern, individualistic world (Habermas 1994). Gusfield (1975) depicts dichotomy of community and society in a way that we should interpret community as a pervading, significant contrast. By now literature seems as if it was only be able to picture the changes taking place in the images both of the society and community describing them by even more pronounced, contradictory processes. The changes that send messages on the disintegration of categories and frames becoming insecure instead of the security and integration quasi missed by Habermas. It also seems as if—quasi as an answer given to this process—occlusion/seclusion both on the part of community members and the various communities from the seemingly unknown and insecure changes were more intensive (Légmán 2012). We intend to construe these phenomena on the next pages, but due to extension limits without the need for completeness of social interpretations. We want to do it with the help of mainly one dimension: value preference through the example of a given society, namely the Hungarian one. Thus we get to the stability and the solidarity of the members of the smallest unit of society, one which accepts and expresses various value preferences, the family.
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The Earning and cash management characteristics of the roma communities living on the margins of society in Budapest
110-128Views:37In this essay, I aim to explore the income and cash management characteristics of the roma
communities living on the margins of society in Budapest. In my research, my main focus was the
way people are living in the segregated streets of “Magdolna district” reacted to the declining
opportunities after the economical system change. Another question to be answered is what
strategies these families and households use to provide the sufficient amount of income, and if
there is any kind of economical or ’life-management’ community function between them beyond
the segregation.
After reviewing the job opportunities, I concentrated on the characteristics of the consumption
structure. I interviewed them about their costs of living as well as the possible ways of reducing
their expences. I also tried to examine how the cooperation of extended families effect the
everyday life of the smaller parts of these families. -
The Effects of the 2011 Electoral Reform on the Results of the Hungarian Legislative Elections I. : Theoretical aspects of the reform
195-209Views:43The second wave of democracy after World Wa II, followed by the third wave in the 1970’s and
the 80’s – including the historic democratic transitions in Eastern Europe after the collapse
of the Soviet Empire – led to the expansion of democratic electoral systems around the world.
The design of electoral systems and of the undergoing electoral reforms has become a vital
component of the democratization process. The study of the theory and politics of electoral
reform led to the adoption of new theoretical and methodological approaches in order to cope
with the challenging phenomena.
The main goal of this paper is to interpret the concept of reform, and to unfold some of
theoretical aspects of it in order to identify some of the main components of the concept. With the theoretical approach we can get a better understandic of the reform itself, and we can
demonstrate that electoral reform is a complex process which should not be reduced to a simplistic
model in which a few actors driven by a few motives can fully explain the whole phenomenon.
The theoretical study of the reform can show that some politial events, the established party
system (first and foremost the distribution of power between the various parties), the type of the
actual electoral system (its advantages and disadvantages) as well as some contingents factors
must be taken into consideration in order to have a better understanding of the nature of the
political arena in which reform proposals are promoted and the reform itself takes place. -
Here you can or should stay? Narratives of mobility
87-100.Views:28In this case study that focuses on mobilities’ narratives, we exam the experiences that works against mobility. Thus we are curious how to effect individual experiences (studies, employees), possibly in a larger city or abroad, small mobilities (vacation, office work in a city), how to effect on the duality of city and village as well as on commitment to their village. Involving the experiences of parents complement it and role a significant effect on the youth’s mobility and settlement. The case study is based on some pair of interviews: immobilized youth and parents talk about the causes of settlement, desires, commitment, experiences, and about young adults have chance to stay or to migrate. Understanding immobility is about exam the recent and past family experiences present in the family at the parent’s side, the migration culture of the local community and relatives, the separation of experiences, transmissible fears and hopes. These have to be completed by the young adults’ interview where we found the „immobility potential” towards successful, failures, fears, individual and family experiences.
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„In our society publicity ratify the success”. Success and career model of rural theater’s artists
84-104Views:19This study aims to answer the question of how actors and actresses define their own success and carreer. What does succes mean to an artist in rural theater? The study primaly discusses some contemporary analyses of sucess, amongst them I am using Deaton-Kahnemann’s and Barabási’s theories. I am also presenting the metodology of my research and later I show rural
theatre’s organization based on Bourdieu’s theory. Finally I describe the definition of success and career of the actors and actresses embedded in an organizational context which helps to understand their tipical habits.
