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Economics or economic science? A XX. század legfontosabb eredményei
76-97Views:238The fundamental question of this article is: wether the economics is science, and if it is, then can it be viewed as an independent science? The answer is looked for starting from the most
important economic results of the last century. The author came to the conclusion that the mainstream economic theories of our days can be traced back to the works of Ramsey, Neumann and Haavelmo. The results of mathematics and natural sciences, especially physics greatly contributed to that it became science. All these are proven by means of Roy E. Weintraub’s so called historical reconstruction and Imre Lakatos’ rational reconstruction methods.Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) classifications: B23, C10, C20
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Trends and Tendencies in the Development of HR Departments in Hungarian State Universities
115-146Views:406In the last couple years it has been fully accepted that human resource management plays an increasing role in the success of organizations, and also in the development and sustainability of national and international competitiveness (Gordon- Whitchurch, 2007). In the developed industrial countries – mostly the Anglo-Saxon pioneers – public institutions (including higher education) abandoned the normative and bureaucratic-controlled Taylor system (Karoliny et al, 2003). Beginning in the 70’s representatives of the New Public Management model, based exclusively on the effectiveness of business solutions, gained more ground. The early 80’s brought the widespread implementation of reform programs. These efforts have created models and experience that were applicable in the converging countries of Europe – including Hungary. After reviewing the latest professional literature and analyzing practices of eleven Hungarian universities we will assess the conversion of Human Resource Management and consider possibilities for modernization.
Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) classifications: I21; H19; M52;M53;M54
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A Journey Through the Theory of Economic Development
Views:235The theory of development economics changed signifcantly from the first attempts of defining the concepts in the 50s until nowadays. The contributions to the development theory are at the same time closely related to the historical context of the underdeveloped and developing countries. This paper tries to facilitate the understanding of the way development economics evolved, by presenting the main contributions to the theory. The research methodology used in this study is analytical, based on the gatherinf of the information, its organisation in a logical way, the presentation and analysis of the most significant ones, and finally the drawing of relevant conclusions. The main findings of this paper are that after five decades of strong ideas and recipes of economic development we have reached a point of uncertainty regarding what is beneficial or harmful for the nations' economic development.
Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) classification: O10.
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A literature review of Happiness and Economics and guide to needed research
117-131Views:816Happiness and Economics as a new branch of behavioural economics has had a major impact on economic theory and economic policy: Several studies have been published in the last 20 years in leading journals. Furthermore, several governments have decided to collect data about the well-being of their citizens. The author claims that utility cannot only be measured by the choices individuals do: Reported happiness and life satisfaction data is also an acceptable empirical estimate for individual utility. Consequently, happiness research can bear new knowledge and important understanding of human welfare. Therefore, this paper gives an overview of the existing literature. Methods and approach of scholars is critically analysed and shortcomings are discussed. Thereafter, findings on major economic issues like growth, unemployment and inflation are presented. Besides, governmental policy and implications for society are debated. Lastly, future research possibilities are mentioned.
Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) Classification: D60 D63 I31
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The imbedding of a new faculty into the region: A complimentary study for the 10th anniversary of the foundation of economics training in Debrecen
1-13Views:194The article describes the situation of the Faculty of Economics, comparing it with other schools in the country, on the occasion of the tenth anniversary of economics training in Debrecen. It analyses the regionality of the application recruitment and the job possibilities of graduate students.
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Strategic directions of international degree mobility – examining the motivation of foreign students studying in Hungary and the factors influencing foreign studies
3-38Views:526In the scope of our research, we examined the motivation of foreign students studying in Hungary. The objective of the applied questionnaire survey was to explore the possibilities both on the supply and demand side based on which young people who wish to study outside their home country identify Hungary as a potential destination country. In the first phase of the research, the statistical study of inward student mobility was performed. The image of Hungarian higher education is interesting also because, although the countries sending the most students are still in the neighboring countries (Slovakia, Romania, Serbia and Ukraine), there is a dynamic growth in terms of the number of students from Norway and Asian (China, Iran) and African (Nigeria) (Statistical database of the Office of Education). In the second phase of the research, the questionnaire survey was conducted seeking the answer to the following: what factors played a role in the decision of foreign students to study abroad (when did they decide to study abroad, where did they obtain information, what were the factors that influenced their choice of country and institution, etc.). How satisfied are they with the chosen training, with the organization education and what are their plans following the completion of the training? What prior information was available about training and subsistence expenses, what were the sources of funding, how did the costs of subsistence develop and what were the returns on these expenses, what was the proportion of leisure time and studying, and what were the options of spending leisure time? - How satisfied are they with institutional services (technical equipment, classroom facilities, library service, and institutional programs)? In the present article, we cover the factors influencing foreign studies considering the limitations of the scope.
Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) codes: I2, J1
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A személyiség és a képességek szerepe az egyetemi sikerességben: avagy igazolható-e a szűrő hipotézis a Debreceni Egyetem Közgazdaságtudományi Karának hallgatói körében végzett felmérés alapján
133-158Views:255Tanulmányunk azt a kérdést járja körül, hogy milyen befolyással bír a tanulmányi eredmények alakulására az értelmi és érzelmi intelligencia, valamint a személyiségstílus. Mindezt a Debreceni Egyetem közgazdász hallgatói körében végzett felmérések segítségével vizsgáljuk meg. Elemzésünkben főként regreszszióanalízisre támaszkodtunk. Az eredmények segítségével két kérdésre kívánunk választ kapni. Egyrészt arra, milyen kapcsolat van az említett változók és a vizsgált szakon való sikeres szereplés közt, másrészt, hogy rendelkezik-e a felsőoktatás tisztán információs (szűrő) funkcióval is, vagy csupán termelékenységet növel. Kapott eredményeink az egyes felmérések esetében némileg eltérnek, de általában elmondhatjuk, hogy az egyetemi eredményességet szignifikánsan befolyásolja a hallgató neme, szüleinek végzettsége, értelmi intelligenciája, intro- vagy extrovertáltsága, gondolkodó vagy észlelő személyiségstílusa, valamint a minták egy részénél érzelmi intelligenciája és észlelő vagy ítélkező személyiségstílusa. Mivel ezek nem mindegyike függ a felsőoktatás hatásától, elmondhatjuk, hogy bizonyítékot találtunk a felsőoktatás szűrő funkciójának jelenlétére.
Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) kód: I21, J24
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Examining the perception of innovative online banking services – a discrete choice experiment among university consumers
64-91Views:522In our study, we examine consumer preferences for innovative online banking services among students in business and management education. To achieve our research goal, we conducted a discrete choice experiment with the target group. The alternatives of our hypothetical decision situations included in our experiment were characterized by the possibility of ATM smartphone integration, the availability of real-time banking, the availability of NFC payment, and the cost per transaction. Based on our model estimates, we found that all three examined services (ATM smartphone integration, real-time banking, NFC payment) have a positive perception among respondents, while the increase in cost has a negative effect on the respondents’ sense of utility. The results of the latent class model estimated in order to address the preference heterogeneity highlighted the existence of a consumer group with very strong preferences and thus a high willingness to pay (average HUF 70) towards the existence of the NFC service. Male students with a non-Debrecen resident in higher-level vocational training are more likely to be included in this class.
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The Rigidity of Labor Markets and the Unit Root in the Time Series of Unemployment rate: Raising a Problem
103-114Views:314The article is a review of the literature concerning the time series of the unemployment rate, and of the economic explanations behind the tests of these time series. We seek to identify the theoretical explanations behind a possible unit root in unemployment time series. We argue that the main difficulty faced by these unit root tests is the change in labor market institutions. The ffects of institutional changes make the traditional tests rather weak, while the panel unit root tests oversimplify the economics of the question. Our conclusion is that the possible application of the tests developed theoretically for nearly unit root processes seems to offer a way out of this dilemma.
Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) classifications: C22, E24
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Economics or Economic Science? A 20. század legfontosabb eredményei
5-34Views:233The fundamental question of this article is whether economics is a science, and if so, then can it be viewed as an independent science? The search for an answer begins with the most important economic results of the last century. The author comes to the conclusion that the mainstream economic theories of our times can be traced back to the works of Ramsey, Neumann and Haavelmo. The results of mathematics and natural sciences, especially physics greatly contributed to its emergence as a science. All this is proven by means of Roy E. Weintraub’s so called historical reconstruction and Imre Lakatos’ rational reconstruction methods.
Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) classifications: B23, C10, C20
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Human Resources Management in the Changes in Hungary In the Light of Two Consecutive Cranet Researches: Két egymást követő Cranet felmérés eredményei alapján
92-110Views:530Management, including Human Resources Management, has undergone major changes in Hungary since the economic and political changes of 1989. This area is even regarded as a field of continuous transformation. This study makes an effort to compare differences and similarities of specific features of Human Resources Management in Hungary in the light of two consecutive surveys, Cranet 2005 and 2008 (Cranet is an established group of top business schools and academic institutions, all collaborating to provide unique and rigorous data on human resource management practices across the world). According to these analyses, the study compares typical characteristics and practices of Human Resources Management in Hungary with major trends and tendencies of this field in 32 countries, including 6 countries from the Central and Eastern European region as well.
JEL classification: J24, M1, M54
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A modern osztrák közgazdaságtan „modernitása” : (Peter. J. Boettke – Christopher J. Coyne: The Oxford Handbook of Austrian Economics, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2015, 816 oldal)
92-98.Views:236Peter J. Boettke és egykori tanítványa, Christopher J. Coyne a kortárs modern osztrák közgazdaságtan legmeghatározóbb kutatói közé tartoznak. Az általuk szerkesztett kötet, a The Oxford Handbook of Austrian Economics nagyon impresszív vállalkozás, amely a kézikönyvek szokásos terjedelmét felülről feszítve gyűjti egybe a kortárs modern osztrák közgazdaságtan „témáit”. A szerzők nyilvánvaló célja ugyanis a modern osztrák közgazdaságtan által kutatott problémakörök tematikai felvonultatása.
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Ecological marketing strategy and futurology
169-188Views:313For both branches of futurology - prognostics and the creation of a picture of the future - the natural environment is an important element. Both economics and environmental economics try to influence the actions of economic actors by painting alarming or attractive pictures of future developments. The concept of sustainable development attempts to achieve the realization of those concepts which harmonize present and future economic, environmental and social interests. To this end a preventive environmental policy is necessary, as is the introduction of a value system in which in the course of economic decisions, environmental interests are accorded at least equal status with economic interests. Among the various concepts, eco-marketing is an appropriate method of harmonizing the often contradictory goals and interests of companies. The first part of the study deals with the relationship between research into the future and the environment, the second introduces the concept of eco-marketing, and systematizes ecological marketing strategies.
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The carrier follow-up survey of the graduate students of the Faculty of Economics and Business Administration of the University of Debrecen
105-113Views:194In the fall term of 2002/2003 a pioneer carrier follow-up survey of the graduate students of the Faculty of Economics and Business Administration of the University of Debrecen was carried out. The aim of the research is to facilitate the improvement of teaching, to increases its quality. The paper reviews the first results of the tecently launched survey.
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Regulatory Coherence and Economic Growth
33-54Views:278The paper is aimed at examining differences in market regulation across countries. Its starting point is the puzzle that poor countries apply more regulatory measures than rich ones do, although it has been empirically shown that those countries that regulate less grow faster. To explain this contradiction, the paper introduces the concept of regulatory coherence, and tries to explain the differences in this concept, together with the differences in the general level of regulation. The main argument is that regulatory coherence as well as the general level of regulation is dependent on the external, broad institutional system, because this affects the incentives of the regulators. The paper tries to support this theiretical argument empirically by a cluster analysis.
Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) classification: B53, M13, L51
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Fossil energy and economic growth in coal-based economies: empirical modeling and sustainability challenges
126-145Views:28The study examines the relationship between fossil energy consumption and economic growth in carbon-based economies, with a particular focus on the role of energy intensity and energy efficiency. We aim to quantify the impact of fossil energy consumption on economic growth through model-based analysis and identify the development and sustainability challenges of energy-intensive economies. The study used a Random Forest model to analyze the relationship between fossil energy consumption and GDP growth. The data are from the World Bank’s World Development Indicators database for the period 2013–2023, considering the economic structure of different countries. Energy intensity showed a strong positive correlation with GDP growth in China, Russia and Mongolia, while in more developed economies such as Canada and the United States, a lower or negative relationship is observed. Fossil energy-intensive economies benefit in the short term, but diversification is needed in the long term for sustainability. Diversifying the economy and increasing energy efficiency are key to sustainable development. The results can help policymakers plan the energy transition, especially focusing on reducing fossil fuel dependence and integrating renewable energy sources for economic and environmental stability.
JEL codes: O13, Q43, Q56, C53, O44
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Financial Crisis, Economic Policy and Economics
19-34Views:206Concerning the financial crisis in 2007-2009 many politicians and economists, in addition
to representatives of other disciplines have asked: why could it not have been avoided,
why could it not have been forecast? The present paper provides a new answer to these
questions. The main argument is that empirical economic policy reached a deadlock when
economists acknowledged the equilibrium models based on efficient market theory. The
static equilibrium paradigm which appeared in the middle of last century has strongly
prevailed to the present day, leaving aside Kornai’s (1971) or Benassy’s (1982) or Goodwin’s
(1991) warnings. Since the economy is never in equilibrium the simultaneous equations
describing it may not provide any guide for politicians; what they should do and how they
should do it in a time of economic crisis. The present author’s newest book (Móczár, 2008),
besides the dynamic equilibrium, also sketches a new paradigm, i.e., non equilibrium
modelling, instead of the orthodox equilibrium paradigm, which allows us to treat bubbles,
to regulate money markets etc. Its necessity is outlined here.JEL classification: E00, E5, E6, G28
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The role of culture in economic growth: an assessment, criticism and paths for future research
22-44Views:315There is an abundance of empirical literature on the impact of culture on economic development. This literature has been developing at the margin of growth theory and institutional economics. This paper reviews this branch of the literature by structuring it into three main lines, and placing an emphasis on (self)-criticism directed towards it, as well. The author provides some proposals for further steps towards improving the culturegrowth empirical literature, following the two routes identified by the (self)-criticism.
Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) codes: O43, Z19
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Growth theory from an Austiran institutional perspective
157-174Views:244Perhaps the one fundamental question of growth theory is why some countries are poor while others are rich. The paper identifies two main lines of research approaching this question, by applying the social analysis of Williamson, and points out that both approaches give an asymmetric answer. The paper applies a critique, which was formulated in the theory of the firm, and compares it with a transaction cost approach. According to this critique, the one approach to economic growth lays too much emphasis on technology, while the other neglects the technological side and emphasizes only the transaction costs and incentives. This paper argues that a new approach, based on the insights of modern Austrian economics, is able to integrate these two sides.
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The economic impacts of direct payments on agricultural income – A Literature Review
3-25Views:814The economic impacts of direct payments is a widely studied field in the literature related to the Common Agricultural Policy. This article aims to provide a systematic review of the income-related impacts of direct payments. In doing so, the article screened the academic literature on the impacts of direct payments and identified 150 relevant ones, out of which 41 were written directly on income-related effects.
Relevant articles can be classified into four groups: general, distributional, stabilisation and other impacts. Most of the literature criticised the ongoing system of direct payments and their effectiveness in producing income-related policy goals. We believe that our results can be useful for researchers and policymakers in better understanding the income-related impacts of direct payments.Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) classification: Q18
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Transaction costs in the standardization of mobile telephone systems. The case of Japanese mobile standards
83-97Views:179Although there have been papers concerned with the connection between standardization and transaction costs, they have analyzed how standards decrease transaction costs. This paper shows that transaction costs emerge during the standardization process. If the creation of a standard is seen as a transaction, in which the parties exchange their explicit and implicit knowledge, standardization can be analyzed from the viewpoint of Transaction Costs Economics. Undoubtedly the knowledge of the parties is a specific asset, exchange of which causes significant transaction costs; therefore opportunism plays a crucial role
during standardization. In this paper I show that the standardization of mobile phone systems can be analyzed in the framework set up by Teece (1986) in order to point out how transaction costs could be decreased in particular cases. The standardization of second generation mobile systems in Japan illustrates the statements made in the theoretical part of the paper.Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) classifications: D23, O31, L96