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Political development: what, why, how? A comparative framework for Hungarian history
5-26Views:90The essay focuses on the comparative analysis of Hungarian political development before 1989–90. Instead of dealing with the 32 years since the change of regime, the author is interested in how many different interpretations of political development can be identified. The author singles out examples of political development in developed countries (for example the United States) as well as developing countries (those countries which have become decolonized in the 1960s). The starting point of the analysis is that Hungary cannot be described by either the categories used for developed countries or those that are used for developing ones. While the essay recognizes that the measure of progress at all times for Hungarian development is the example of Western development, it does not accept the approach according to which Hungarian development is a “dead-end” because it differs from Western development in many ways. The essay puts forward the hypothesis of the “normality” of Hungarian political development.
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A töredezett magyar társadalom esélyei
88-93Views:41Takács Erzsébet (2018): A szolidaritás alakváltozásai: Az együttműködés lehetőségei és gátjai Magyarországon.
Budapest, Magyarország: Napvilág Kiadó (2018), 217 oldal -
Family plans and career plans among higher education students in the field of social sciences based on a pilot study in Eastern Hungary
71-93Views:93Our paper explores the family and career plans of social sciences students at Hungary’s second largest university based on a questionnaire-based pilot study. Nowadays, careers include more than the traditional vertical promotion within an organisation, as seen from the emergence of the self-directed “protean” career type, which prompts organisations to adapt to individuals’ values, attitudes, and own career definitions. In addition, the Kaleidoscope Career Model sets out that individuals adapt their career goals to their life stages. Thus, students’ career and family plans matter to prospective employers. Our results show that a modern self-directed career type has emerged among students, for whom it is a priority to meet their own expectations. In several cases, starting a family is preceded by career goals. Furthermore, despite the “feminine” nature of social sciences, our pilot study shows that male students in the field still tend to conform to traditional gender roles regarding the importance of family and career. Our research implies that prospective employers need to adapt their HR strategies to young people’s family and career plans. Moreover, organisations should support students in gaining relevant work experience and in achieving their subsequent career plans.
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The political representation of Hungary’s ethnic minorities in the context of voter turnouts in the local self-governmental elections and in the parliamentary elections
25-39Views:45The political representation of minorities within a nation-state is a task that has always posed a great challenge to countries with substantial ethnic minorities, since both the hardships of establishing an adequate legislative environment, both the sensitivity of the subject make it exceedingly difficult for the legislator to develop a sufficient system. The issue of the proper representation of those 13 recognised minorities that are considered constituent components ofthe state were part of Hungary’s political history since the regime change, and for a rather long period of time it seemed that the adequate solution for their political representation was the local governmental system of ethnic minorities. Since 2011 however, the electoral system makes it possible for ethnic minorities to be represented within the Hungarian Parliament as well, which raises the question of whether this will shift the attention of the affected minority groups from the local self-governments towards the parliamentary representation. In this paper, after reviewing the changes within the legislative environment and – in close connection with that – the problems surrounding the issue of political representation of ethnic minorities, I will attempt to answer this emerging question through a brief analyses based on the turnout-data regarding the 2014 and the 2019 elections local governmental elections.
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Parents’ school volunteering in the interpretation of teachers in a disadvantaged region of Hungary
28-48Views:81In the international literature, there are many studies dealing with the voluntary work of parents at school, but there is little research on this in Hungary. In our study, we examine the volunteering of parents through the interpretation of teachers in three disadvantaged counties of Hungary, using a qualitative interview method. The research population was the teachers of primary and secondary schools, and the interviewed teachers were selected by multi-stage, stratified sampling. We included 38 interviews in the analysis, in which the voluntary work of the parents appeared. The interviews were analysed by manual and machine hybrid coding. According to our results, teachers also considered participation on request or under pressure as volunteering. “Real” volunteering is hardly present, and parents are less likely to initiate assistance on their own. Parents are typically occasional volunteers, and mostly the members of the parents’ work community participate in regular volunteer work. According to the teachers, the voluntary work of parents is indispensable in the life of the school, so in our opinion it would be important to promote it and to motivate parents to participate more in school life.
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Interpersonal relationships in Hungary – an overview
72-93.Views:59Our paper aims to demonstrate that social structure has significant impact on the formation of
interpersonal relations. We review and analyse the characteristics of ego-centric interpersonal
networks of Hungarians based on data from nationally representative adult population surveys
between the mid-1980’s up to 2015. We focus especially on core discussion networks, friendship
ties and weak ties and analyse how the transition to market economy influenced interpersonal
relationships. As expected, the large-scale social changes brought about by the transition
changed interpersonal networks as well. During the first decade of the transition (in the 1990’s)
one could not witness a significant change of personal networks, nonetheless the adaptation
process was easier for people supported by strong, traditional family ties. Non-kin ties, especially
friendships seem to gain significance at the expense of kin relationships. Overall, resources
available through weak ties seem to be decreasing. -
Key players of the education system: teachers in Transcarpathia in the years of the Ukrainian crisis
165-196Views:45In spring 2017 a survey was carried out among 338 practicing Transcarpathian Hungarian teachers about their material and professional satisfaction and migration plans. The study highlighted that one of the most crucial problems of the teachers is the low salary. Among those who are contemplating migration the main push factor is material dissatisfaction, followed by family and partnership reasons. However, we cannot speak about professional burn-out in their case. 72% of the respondents, without being satisfied with their situation, still does not think about migration, or is pretty sure about staying at the homeland. 84 persons (25%) belong to an endangered group, in which people embrace the idea of migration. Only 5 persons have done concrete steps in this direction. In these two groups we find mainly youger teachers. The most important destination country is Hungary. Among the respondents there is high number of Hungarian citizenship holders, however it is not an obvious catalyst of migration: people who are willing to go or willing to stay cannot be differentiated according to this aspect.
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A tanyák: Csatári Bálint (1949–2019)
93-109Views:58Ezt a tanulmányt Csatári Bálint emlékének tiszteletére jelentetjük meg a Metszetek Társadalomtudományi folyóiratban. Megírásának pillanatában még nem tudtuk, hogy ez lesz Bálint életének utolsó írásműve. Cikkét valójában egy átfogó, tanyákról, falvakról szóló önálló könyve egyik fejezetének szánta, amelynek megírására a Debreceni Egyetem Szociológia és Szociálpolitika Tanszéke nevében kértük fel. A tervezett közös munkánk, amelyet Bálint óriási lelkesedéssel kezdett el, sajnos, nem teljesedhetett ki. Könyve egyik fejezetének szánt utolsó tanulmányát most változtatás nélkül közöljük. Csatári Bálint az Alföld, az alföldi települések és társadalmuk kutatója volt. Az alföldi szórványtelepülések és tanyák modern kori fejlődésének és Magyarország lemaradó térségeinek vizsgálatai mellett elhivatott képviselőként emelt szót a területi és társadalmi egyenlőtlenségek ellen.
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Incubating radicalism in Hungary – the case of Sopron and Ózd
79-102.Views:46The paper analyses young people’s interpretation of the past, evaluation of the present and po-litical behaviour patterns based on semi-structured interviews (n=60) conducted in two contra-sting constellations of modernization, Sopron and Ózd. First the perception of the most pressing social and political problems, second the potential of political and civic actions are compared. Finally an attempt is made to outline a ‚hopeless’ and an ‚indifferent’ idealtype of political cultu-re. Together they create the opportunity for both the birth of antidemocratic tendencies and the space in which they can evolve. In this sense they provide the preconditions for ‚mainstreaming the extreme’ that is the incubation of radicalism in Hungary.
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Revisiting enterprise politics in the interwar Hungary: The case of The Rimamurány–Salgótarján Iron Works Co.: Worker‘s lifestyle and rate of living on the colony of the steel factory in Salgótarján before the World War II.
151-166Views:57The Rimamurány–Salgótarján Iron Works Co. in Salgótarján started to run up from 1871. The
people who lived in the workers’ colony of the Steelworks in Salgótarján differentiated themselves
from the rest of the local residents not only spatially but also in their appearance, as a result of
their higher standard of living. At the begining of the 20th century the major streets of the colony
(Acélgyári Street) had macadam or stoned surface and were lit with public street lightning. The
duty of the socalled Dwelling Master was to guarantee neat, clean, tidy streets within the colony.
Steelworkers had more opportunity to visit the shops and barbershop than those men who lived
within the downtown. This difference was partly due to their higher income and partly due to
the fact that the services of the comany’s shop and the barber at the colony were much cheaper
than those of other local barbers since it was ordered so by factory management. Workers’
houses were up to the standards of the time, they did not pay rent or just a very low price and
workers had a possibility to build their own garden houses on the land of the company. All this
fundamentally changed in the second half of the 1940s owing to post-war lack of raw material
and Socialist ’modernization’ and uniformization. The period of communist dictatorship after
World War II, nationalization of the works and Socialist ’modernization’ created trauma at the
colony. -
Women in urban poverty in Hungary: Maids and working women in the labour market before 1945
64-73Views:63A 19. század végi ipari forradalom okozta gazdasági és társadalmi átalakulás számos változást hozott Magyarországon. Az infrastruktúra és a közlekedés fejlődése lehetővé tette a nők számára, hogy új munkalehetőségekhez jussanak, elhagyják a hagyományos közösségeket és új életformákat próbáljanak ki.
Magyarországon a cselédtartás továbbra is társadalmi szokás maradt, és még a két világháború között is sokakat érintett.
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„Vigyázó szemetek ezentúl Moszkvára vessétek”
148-152Views:28Scheibner Tamás: A magyar irodalomtudomány szovjetizálása. A szocialista realista
kritika és intézményei 1945–1953. Ráció Kiadó, Budapest, 2014, p. 316.
