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• Coping strategies in the hinterland: the social impact of the Russia-Ukraine war on the Transcarpathian Hungarian community

  5-32

  Katalin Kovály

  Julianna Kohut-Ferka

  Ágnes Erőss

  Patrik Tátrai

  Views:

  108

  Although the territory of Transcarpathia, the westernmost county of Ukraine, is located relatively far from the focal points of the combat operations of the Russia-Ukraine war, the everyday lives of the region’s inhabitants have undergone profound transformations since February 2022. While several hundred thousand internally displaced persons arrived and settled in the oblast, a substantial segment of the Hungarian population has responded to the introduction of martial law and the ensuing economic hardships by emigrating. However, a considerable number of Transcarpathian Hungarians have chosen to remain in their homeland despite the challenges of wartime conditions. The present study focuses on the situation of the latter community by: (1) outlining the most important socio-demographic changes taking place in the region; (2) examining the coping strategies of the Transcarpathian Hungarian community under wartime circumstances, the underlying factors shaping migration decisions, and the main motivations for remaining in their homeland; and (3) analyzing the effects of the influx of internally displaced persons on local society and the evolution of interethnic relations. Based on the findings of our empirical research, it can be concluded that the key to remaining in one’s homeland lies in the continuous adaptation and reconfiguration of family coping strategies in response to rapidly changing circumstances. It can also be observed that, while emigration has been the primary factor reducing the number of Transcarpathian Hungarians over the past decades, since 2022 both the scale and nature of migration have shifted considerably, posing new social challenges for the community that has remained at home.

• The situation of Hungarian minority households with children in Transcarpatia

  53-71.

  Noémi Loncsák

  Ibolya Czibere

  Views:

  332

  In our study, we present the situation of Hungarian minority households with children in Ukrai-nian villages based on the results of our qualitative and quantitative researches. In the explora-tory research, 23 interviews were made, and in the questionnaire, research data were obtained from a total of 139 households and 253 children. We present the poverty of households with children along the standard of living and the deprivation features of the households. The core of our analysis is the specific labor market situation, the earning opportunities,and forms of employment that provide for livelihoods for the households with children. Beside the backward-ness of the area studied in the research, the strategies and life situations that characterize the Transcarpathian Hungarians are also presented, which are beyond the known European forms of poverty.

• Maintenance of minority languages and economic viability of minorities in the mirror of the Transcarpathian linguistic landscape

  119-141

  István Csernicskó

  Views:

  173

  The study examines the linguistic landscape of the territories of Transcarpathia (Ukraine) which
  are mostly inhabited by Hungarians in the context of language and economy. It will be presented
  how economically prestigious world languages, English and Russian are displayed in this region.
  We show that economic realities suppress the nationalism of the minority int he linguistic landscape.
  We note that the language policy in support of the language maintenance of the national
  minority can not be successful if it is not related to the development of the economy. If we want to
  improve the economic situation of the Hungarians of Transcarpathia in a multilingual environment,
  the teaching of languages is one of the areas where it is necessary to invest.

• A Comparative Study on the Characteristics of Rural Tourism in Transcarpathia and in the Highland

  63-90

  Enikő Sass

  Views:

  231

  The article, after a short historical presentation of those Slovakian (the Highland) and Ukrainian
  (Transcarpathia) regions where Hungarians still play a major role in the population, focuses
  on the perspectives of rural tourism development in the mentioned areas. The research was conducted
  in more phases: 1) review of the relevant literature; 2) searching for the eligible hosts;
  3) evaluation of the questionnaires distributed among the hosts involved in rural tourism in
  Transcarpathia and in the Highland; 4) processing and evaluation of data.
  The main aim of this empirical research was to compare the Highland questionnaire survey
  findings with the Transcarpathian data to identify the similarities and differences in rural tourism
  of these areas that have been developing at different pace and under different socioeconomic
  conditions in the two countries.