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• The 2022 Italian election under the microscope

  53-72

  Fanni Tanács-Mandák

  Views:

  377

  The 2022 parliamentary elections marked a turning point for the Italian political system in many ways. As a result of the measures approved and introduced over the past almost ten years to change the electoral system (electoral reforms, decisions of the Constitutional Court, constitutional amendments, parliamentary reforms, etc.), Italian voters had the opportunity to elect the new members of both chambers of the parliament under the same electoral system, for the first time in the Republican era. The purpose of the article is to present the steps leading to this historic moment by analysing in detail the different measures affecting the electoral system and their impact. The paper then describes the electoral results and explains the processes leading to the vast victory of Italy’s first female Prime Minister, with a particular focus on the return to the bipolar logic favoured by the electoral system following the release of the three-pole system in 2013.

• Contributions to the Regulation of the Referendum after 2013

  5-25

  Szilard Szabo

  Views:

  148

  The purpose of this paper is to define and show the nature and functions of the referendum in
  general, and to examine the legislative regulation of its institution in Hungary after 2013.
  The brief introduction will be followed by an analysis of some of the institutional and
  instrumental features of the referendum in the context of the constitutional law. Special attention
  will be paid to the question raised by, and to the pros and cons of the referendum held in 2016.
  The legal aspects and social consequences of this invalid referendum will be emphasized.