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Dual higher education is a form of education where students' training is provided jointly by a higher education institution and a partner organization. At the partner organization, students gain specific professional knowledge and work experience, which allows them to enter the labour market as more experienced and skilled professionals after graduation. The aim of our research is to assess the opinions of partner organizations involved in dual education on this type of training. The organizations involved in dual education operate in a wide variety of sectors. The examined database contains data on companies and institutions registered in Hungary that are involved in dual education, with the selection being made in such a way that the sample covers the widest possible range of dual education programs. Our aim is to examine the results of the introduction so far and to identify the factors necessary for further development opportunities. The questionnaire was completed electronically or by phone by the partner organizations, with the help of an interviewer, on a voluntary basis. The questions included formulated statements, which belong to the closed-ended question type group, within which several subtypes can also be found in the questionnaire. We formulated one-answer questions in the questionnaire and used Likert scale questions. When processing the questionnaires, we not only examined the answers to the individual questions separately, but also examined the relationships between the different variables. During the analysis, we used the ANOVA test, the Kruskal-Wallis test, the Wilcoxon test and the Dunn test to uncover the relationships.
Views:320Dual higher education is a form of education where students' training is provided jointly by a higher education institution and a partner organization. At the partner organization, students gain specific professional knowledge and work experience, which allows them to enter the labour market as more experienced and skilled professionals after graduation. The aim of our research is to assess the opinions of partner organizations involved in dual education on this type of training. The organizations involved in dual education operate in a wide variety of sectors. The examined database contains data on companies and institutions registered in Hungary that are involved in dual education, with the selection being made in such a way that the sample covers the widest possible range of dual education programs. Our aim is to examine the results of the introduction so far and to identify the factors necessary for further development opportunities. The questionnaire was completed electronically or by phone by the partner organizations, with the help of an interviewer, on a voluntary basis. The questions included formulated statements, which belong to the closed-ended question type group, within which several subtypes can also be found in the questionnaire. We formulated one-answer questions in the questionnaire and used Likert scale questions. When processing the questionnaires, we not only examined the answers to the individual questions separately, but also examined the relationships between the different variables. During the analysis, we used the ANOVA test, the Kruskal-Wallis test, the Wilcoxon test and the Dunn test to uncover the relationships.
JEL codes: I21, I23, I25, J24, J62
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Improved operation efficiency strengthens organizational quality in higher education
3-18Views:268This paper examines quality assurance as an effective tool for organizational development, reviewing the theories and history of quality management. After describing the theoretical foundations used in the USA, focusing on heavy industries, it discusses European models such as TQM, ISO and EFQM systems in more detail, then moves on to critical approaches, especially with regard to the applicability and effectiveness of quality assurance in education and higher education. The second half of this paper focuses specifically on quality assurance in higher education, in particular European standards, approaching it from the perspective of internationalisation. In this context, this paper addresses the issues of brain drain, digital campus, stakeholder involvement and student-centredness. Finally, the paper concludes that quality assurance in higher education is not only an essential but a necessary process as well, which can also be the most effective tool for organizational development.
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Quality in education
149-182Views:373The aim of this paper is to study the basic questions of the quality of education from the perspective of the economics of education. In the introduction we review the fundamental concepts of quality; then we analyze the quality level of hungarian education through the results reported in international comparative studies such as PISA and IALS. We try to find the reasons for the weak performance of domestic education in these studies. After this we review the quality rating and other quality indicators of educational institutes, which are widely available to the public. And finally we try to discover the employers' quality requirements of the higher education system through an empirical study.
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Methodological challanges of digitalization in business education: Digitalization in business education
62-83Views:524University education has to persevere in the 21st century in a changing environment. The knowledge that is to be obtained seems to increase with the advancement of technology. The development of science and the changing needs of the job market demand continuous development and more efficient university curricula. This article investigates the effect of technology on education efficiency; it describes and evaluates several teaching approaches. The conclusions tend to turn towards the direction that although obtaining information became considerably easier than even ten years ago, knowledge still has to be learned the same way as before. The neurobiological process of learning is the same as a hundred years ago.
Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) codes: A20, A22, A23
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The option value of education
131-148Views:149Within the theoretical frameworks of standard human capital theory countless analyses have been carried out into investment decisions, in which the examination of the uncertainty of the costs and benefits of education were mostly disregarded and an assessment of the option opportunities was often omitted. In this essay we tried to review one of the extension opportunities of the theory of standard human capital and the option approach of human capital investment. We looked for an answer to the question of what kind of models have been developed for the interpretation of education as an option and for the determination of the option value of the investment. In the study we have highlighted the fact that a decrease in uncertainty in human capital investment is as good an incentive for investing in more education as the public subsidization of education.
JEL classification: C6, D8, I2, J2
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Some economic aspects of higher education quality
14-30Views:449Based on the world's most renowned university rankings, OECD annual reports and Eurostat data, this paper seeks to demonstrate that a competitive economy requires competitive (higher) education and that there is a significant correlation between the quality of higher education and economic development. Furthermore, in this process, the higher education quality assurance organization system has an outstanding task and responsibility through the formation of quality culture, guidelines, helpful research, summary of good practices and making constructive suggestions. Finally, it points out that close collaboration between universities and agencies with stakeholders is a priority area, which could contribute to a much more capability-based output system in the longer term. It also considers it desirable to make the relationship between universities and scientific research networks and research institutes closer and more vibrant (where it is not).
Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) codes: H52, I22, I23, I25, I26, O15
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Some characteristics of the connection between the economy and higher education - results of empirical research
149-178Views:192In this study we try to introduce some lessons drawn from an empirical research project which was made within the framework of the Gabor Baross Program's project, "Facilitation of Knowledge Transfer for Enhancement of Competitiveness of the North Great Plain Region by the Founding of the Innovation Knowledge Center". This part of the research tries to examine the demand for higher education among the actors in the economy. First the paper shows those results of the research which measured firms' knowledge of the Bologna process, and the main goals of the new form of education, and the knowledge structure and competencies connected to the creation of the individual education levels. Following this the article examines requirements from higher education, and the opportunity for developing the connections between educational institutions and the economy.
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Strategic directions of international degree mobility – examining the motivation of foreign students studying in Hungary and the factors influencing foreign studies
3-38Views:526In the scope of our research, we examined the motivation of foreign students studying in Hungary. The objective of the applied questionnaire survey was to explore the possibilities both on the supply and demand side based on which young people who wish to study outside their home country identify Hungary as a potential destination country. In the first phase of the research, the statistical study of inward student mobility was performed. The image of Hungarian higher education is interesting also because, although the countries sending the most students are still in the neighboring countries (Slovakia, Romania, Serbia and Ukraine), there is a dynamic growth in terms of the number of students from Norway and Asian (China, Iran) and African (Nigeria) (Statistical database of the Office of Education). In the second phase of the research, the questionnaire survey was conducted seeking the answer to the following: what factors played a role in the decision of foreign students to study abroad (when did they decide to study abroad, where did they obtain information, what were the factors that influenced their choice of country and institution, etc.). How satisfied are they with the chosen training, with the organization education and what are their plans following the completion of the training? What prior information was available about training and subsistence expenses, what were the sources of funding, how did the costs of subsistence develop and what were the returns on these expenses, what was the proportion of leisure time and studying, and what were the options of spending leisure time? - How satisfied are they with institutional services (technical equipment, classroom facilities, library service, and institutional programs)? In the present article, we cover the factors influencing foreign studies considering the limitations of the scope.
Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) codes: I2, J1
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Eastern-European education and economy
73-82Views:185The main reason for the inability of the Eastern-European region to catch up economically is thought by many to be the fact that for a decisive period the state curtailed the incentive power of private property. The harmful effect of this was aggravated by the arms race. Contrary to this, this paper claims that the main reason is the underdevelopmnet of the population's knowledge base. The direct factor in this is the mistaken education policy, which because of the emphasis on quaility in schooling, imparted a low and weak knowledge base to the growing generation. The author claims that without a general and radical reform of education the eastern European region and Hungary as well, will lag behind in international competition.
Journal of Economic Literature (JEL): I21, I28, O15
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Knowledge Export in Higher Education: A Hierarchic Approach
35-48Views:214The role of higher education in economic growth is increasing parallel with the development of the knowledge industry. The export income from student mobility estimated by some experts exceeds 40 billion US dollars worldwide. In this paper we discuss two aspects of the phenomenon. First, higher education as an industry is more complex than simply student mobility. This is true despite the fact that this mobility is the most visible and most attractive part of the export activity. There are research outputs of universities and other service activities which are classified as exports and which are offered in market based systems. Second, the individual professors - whether employees of universities or freelance knowledge workers - university departments, faculties, universities, countries, regions, etc. could serve as the subjects of the statistical measurement of activities. All of those activities which are carried out by universities can be measured in different hierarchical systems.
Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) classification: F14, M31
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Education and the linear education system from the employers' point of view
169-174Views:168Hungarian higher education gas travelled a long way since the political changes of 1989-90. We are entitled to ask whether the changes have followed the right path. Due to the complexity of the question there is no definite answer. In a short article just one important part can be emphasized. With my ideas I try to calibrate the employers' expectations of the students entering the labour market. The employers are the voracious actors in the market, who always have the right to be critical, and to have impossible expectations. In this situation employers are the customers, and therefore cannot be expected to deal with a multitude of questions themselves. In this essay I try to discuss various typical aspects of employers" excpectations of future employees.
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Business Ethics and Ethics Education in American Business Programs
195-200Views:172This essay presents an overview of what American business programs cover in their curricula regarding ethics and the reasons behind teaching ethics-related material to business students. Topics for the paper
include; requirements for having ethics in the curricula, broad perspectives of what constitutes ethical business practices, and the difference between professional ethics and business ethics.Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) classification: M14, A20
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Ensuring the scientific supply at the Doctoral School of Business and Management Sciences at the University of Debrecen
114-125Views:141Doctoral schools play a key role in training the next generation of researchers and renewing higher education. This study presents the operation, development directions, and international embeddedness of the Doctoral School of Business and Management Sciences at the University of Debrecen. It provides an overview of trends in student enrollment and degree completion, as well as the multidisciplinary and international character of the doctoral program. Special attention is given to the 2025 International Scientific Days conference, where 118 scientific presentations were delivered on topics such as digitalization, sustainability, and artificial intelligence. The study also highlights the significant growth in the doctoral school's publication performance, particularly in terms of internationally indexed, high-ranking academic journal articles.
JEL code: A23; I23; O30
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Talent management in education: the war for talent
98-113Views:257The study analyses how J. Harsányi College became inoperable. J. Harsányi College is an organization that supports young talent at the Economics faculty of J. Selye University. The main object of the research is to help the relaunch of the organization and to raise the interest of the students in work and in the activity of the College. The research ask questions concerning studying, and how to improve the motivation and awareness of students. The author describes the theoretical background of talent management in the first part of the study, and then introduces her proposals on the basis of primary research.
Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) classifications: A29, M12
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A gazdasági növekedés gyorsításának esélyei Magyarországon 2030-ig
5-26Views:206The regime change in 1989/1990 has not produced the expected result: Hungary has not been able to catch-up with the Western market economies. Can Hungary grow 2-3 times faster then its competitors during the next 20 years, as the present Hungarian government declared in its economic plans? Can Hungary improve its relative position and catch-up with the per capita GDP level of the EU-27 average by 2030? The conclusion of the paper is that this is very unlikely to happen. But there is ample room for accelerating productivity growth, and in this regard, every percentage difference counts enormously in the long-term. Three factors of production are analyzed: the natural-physical-geographical endowments of Hungary (N), Labour (L) and the capital stock (C). The following new findings are discussed. First, contrary to the widely held view, the amount of labour currently used by the Hungarian economy is not low in international comparison. The education of the workforce is also adequate. The problem is its allocation: too many workers are employed in low productivity, small firms. The only way forward is to promote the concentration of enterprises, to support the increase in the number of medium-sized and large firms. Second, the rate of domestic savings needs to be increased considerably, to allow for a low-cost financing of investments. In turn, this requires a substantial reform in three areas: healthcare, pensions and higher education. As long as the welfare state exists in its present form and these three spending items are largely financed by the state, one cannot reasonably expect households to save and accumulate families" long-term reserves in financial assets. But before these changes happen the political alite must accept that the obstacles to productivity growth have to be removed from the legal and political stuctures.
JEL classification: E66, O47, O50, O52
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International Higher Education League Tables – why are the best so good?
127-142Views:218The study provides a comparative analysis of international higher education rankings. The article aims to analyze the role and performance of universities in today’s knowledge economy in transforming employment conditions. This paper aims to add an overview of the methodology of the global academic rankings, showing the benefits and difficulties of the creation of league tables and makes a proposal to improve the distortions. It gives a detailed empirical analysis of the countries’ results based on a comparison of three rankings. Hypothesis: the performance of countries with an English native language is better because of the particularities arising from the methodology, since the results obtained from research databases involved in measurements are primarily English-language publications and their citations, and furthermore the majority of the most prestigious journals appear in English.
Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) code: I21, P52
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Trends and Tendencies in the Development of HR Departments in Hungarian State Universities
115-146Views:406In the last couple years it has been fully accepted that human resource management plays an increasing role in the success of organizations, and also in the development and sustainability of national and international competitiveness (Gordon- Whitchurch, 2007). In the developed industrial countries – mostly the Anglo-Saxon pioneers – public institutions (including higher education) abandoned the normative and bureaucratic-controlled Taylor system (Karoliny et al, 2003). Beginning in the 70’s representatives of the New Public Management model, based exclusively on the effectiveness of business solutions, gained more ground. The early 80’s brought the widespread implementation of reform programs. These efforts have created models and experience that were applicable in the converging countries of Europe – including Hungary. After reviewing the latest professional literature and analyzing practices of eleven Hungarian universities we will assess the conversion of Human Resource Management and consider possibilities for modernization.
Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) classifications: I21; H19; M52;M53;M54
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Our national economy after the transmission
55-84Views:145This study looks through the key indicators of the Hungarian economic transition from the 90s until now. To make the Hungarian processes more understandable, we show it in international comparison with data from other post-socialist EU members. We then examine how the social processes and the economic changes fir together, emphasizing among other things the changes in health, education and cultural life.
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Examining the perception of innovative online banking services – a discrete choice experiment among university consumers
64-91Views:522In our study, we examine consumer preferences for innovative online banking services among students in business and management education. To achieve our research goal, we conducted a discrete choice experiment with the target group. The alternatives of our hypothetical decision situations included in our experiment were characterized by the possibility of ATM smartphone integration, the availability of real-time banking, the availability of NFC payment, and the cost per transaction. Based on our model estimates, we found that all three examined services (ATM smartphone integration, real-time banking, NFC payment) have a positive perception among respondents, while the increase in cost has a negative effect on the respondents’ sense of utility. The results of the latent class model estimated in order to address the preference heterogeneity highlighted the existence of a consumer group with very strong preferences and thus a high willingness to pay (average HUF 70) towards the existence of the NFC service. Male students with a non-Debrecen resident in higher-level vocational training are more likely to be included in this class.
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Critisism of insolvency rules
111-138Views:175The co-authors, who are participants in the research program (Ministry of Education FKFP 0025/2001-2004), give a critical analysis of the Hungarian regulation of insolvency law in their recently published study. Their findings, proposals have been formulated after studying respecting rules in the USA and in major Western-European countries (Germany, Austria, Italy, France, England, Switzerland). Not only legal regulations have been processed and critically analysed in their study, but judiciary precedents related to them as well. The aim of the study is to help re-codify the Hungarian insolvency law.
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The welfare state as the accomplishment of modern civilization: where to proceed?
23-45Views:254The author reviews the beginnings of the welfare state and its practices so far and examines what conclusions can be drawn from experince as regards the effective treatment of current problems, what warnings the relationship between certain governments and social welfare has for us today when there is an economically and socially urging need for reducing the worsening tensions in the systems of budget-planning, taxation, social welfare, health care and education, etc. The conclusion is that a fundamentaé change in attitude, and a new kind of governmental role are needed, along with new institutions, methods and means appropriate for the radically different economic circumstances as well as the realistic social demands.
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Is the strategic thinking characteristic of SMEs in the North Hungarian Region? – experiences of a survey
88-100Views:237Regional differences can be observed in the economic importance of small and medium sized enterprises. The research covers the small and medium enterprises within the North Hungarian Region, based on a questionnaire carried out in the autumn of 2011. We examine the existence of a conscious strategic vision of the future and their innovative capability. The low economic activity, the low proportion of industrial enterprises, which is below the national average, and low professional skills are typical of the region. Those managers who have a conscious strategy reported above average profitability. We revealed a correlation between the depth of strategy knowledge and the existence of a formalized strategy, paying attention to the role of education and skills. The knowledge and the acceptance of innovational cooperation opportunities (innovational nets) are at a low-level in the region. Besides strategic thinking, one key element for strengthening the sector is continuous renewal, innovation, observing best practice, and imitating it.
Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) classifications: D220
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The Success and Motivation of Academic Entrepreneurs in Hungary
75-87Views:637This paper presents the results of an empirical study of 80 academic entrepreneurs in Hungary. It aims at analysing the relationship between the motivations for starting a firm and entrepreneurial success. The motivations studied are the prospects of higher income, the need for achievement, the need for independence and the benefits related to research. Success is examined from both objective and subjective perspectives. The indicators of objective success are the firm’s revenue, the change in the revenue, the number of employees and firm age. Subjective success refers to the academic entrepreneur’s self-evaluation. According to the findings, the strongest motivation for starting a spin-off firm is financial necessity, i.e. a dissatisfaction with the university salary. Except for financial need, all the motivations included in the study have a significant relationship with subjective success, but a weaker or no relationship with objective success. Research-related benefits, such as moving the research towards development, is a key entrepreneurial motive in the academic sector, as it is positively associated with subjective success, the revenue of the spin-off venture and its growth.
Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) Classifications: L26, I23, O32
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Twenty-one Economic Arguments against an Unconditional Basic Income
5-29Views:690In 2013/14 there has been an intense public debate both in the European Union and in Hungary on the feasibility of Unconditional Basic Income (UBI) support. In the Hungarian context, the publication of a 100-page proposal was an important milestone, in which a group of experts applied the UBI concept to the present circumstances. The study, the brainchild of István Bánfalvi, a distinguished social policy practitioner, proposed the following specific amounts as from January 2015: HUF 25,000 for children (≈ EUR 83), HUF 50,000 for adults and HUF 75,000 for expectant mothers. The present paper’s first objective was to challenge the entire 25-50-75 concept from both theoretical and practical-administrative perspectives. In addition, we tried to show that income poverty in Hungary is much less of a problem than generally presumed. Our final conclusion is that from a poverty alleviation point of view the geographical remobilization of the Hungarian Roma population is by far the most important issue. Roma living in small rural settlements should be assisted to move towards large cities, where the chances of finding work, education and health care are much better.
Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) classification: H21, I38, J15