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Egészségfejlesztő, iskolai programok a Nyíregyházi járásban működő Egészségfejlesztési Iroda tevékenységében
57-78Views:306In the current strategic documents focusing on improving the health status of the Hungarian population, the implementation of community health promotion programs to prevent diseases affecting children is highly recommended. School health promotion plays a key role in terms of the health of the younger generations and the health of the staff of educational institutions. That is why the Health Promotion Office (HPO) in the Nyíregyháza district treats the health promotion activities implemented at the school setting as a priority area of its work, which supports the implementation of the comprehensive school health promotion (TIE) concept as a EFI task. The purpose of this manuscript is to present the magnitude of the work carried out by HPO for school-aged children over the past five years, in the period between 2018 and 2022. The analysis of the data was based on HPO's self-edited event summary. The Office, which started operating in March 2018, served 29,076 clients with school-based health promotion community programs until December 2022 and provided opportunities for children attending educational institutions in the Nyíregyháza district to improve their health and raise health consciousness on 1,070 occasions. The employees of HPO developed and implemented 55 programs with different professional content, which primarily reflected the needs, and secondarily the local needs. The recorded data are not suitable for measuring the long-term effectiveness of the intervention, but it shows the magnitude of the work carried out in the field.
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Az egészség komplex megközelítése, mint az egészség-szociológiai vizsgálatok elméleti kerete
24-49Views:1625The health indicators of the population are worst in the whole Central and Eastern European region, and thus in Hungary as well. The health status of Hungarians is not possible, it is not a unique phenomenon. The state of health of the Hungarian society is one of the worst in the European Union. To advance the understanding of the situation, it is necessary to conduct complex interdisciplinary studies that combine health and social science models.
In our study, we present a complex approach to health, its social embeddedness, with the aim of providing a theoretical basis for a study we have designed to target Hungarian health characteristics.
The theoretical overview emphasizes the context of the definition of health used in certain disciplines of the social sciences, the presentation of the explanatory factors of health, and the theses and models. Outlining our present work and future research cannot be without tracking the changes that have taken place that determine health, so we will first analyze this. In laying the theoretical foundations, we return to the complex approach to health, in which we present the presentation of biomedical and bio-psycho-social models in detail, and then we describe the economic and social models of health. We also deal with health determinants that determine the health of the individual and society.
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Health through the Eyes of the Romani minority
16-22Views:279Aim: The aim of this study was to ascertain the subjective view of the Romani community on their own health, in the context of social integration and the effects of the environment, using the Transcultural Assessment Model.
Methods: The collection of data was conducted via quantitative research using an unstructured questionnaire. The experimental group consisted of 600 members of the Romani minority.
Results: The results showed that health is one of the main values that influence the life of the Romani minority. According to a substantial proportion of respondents, they are regularly concerned with matters of their own health; however, most of them do not attend medical check-ups.
Conclusion: The concept of sickness and health is highly subjective for each person. Moreover, the culture to which an individual belongs is among the factors that influence an understanding of the concept of health. Thus, when providing medical care, one must also get to know a patient’s culture and their subjective view of health or sickness. -
The health status of people living in Roma settlements in Nyíregyháza
70-83Views:459Some former research have shown that Roma people living in settlements in Hungary generally rate their health status worse than the majority society, and do not really feel they could do anything to improve their health status. Our research, which combines quantitative and qualitative methods, was done in two settlements in Nyíregyháza with the aim to examine the subjective health status and health behaviour of people living there. This study presents the health status of the Husar and Eastern settlements and these data are compared with that of the general population of Nyíregyháza. The health status of persons in the sample was significantly impacted by their disadvantageous socialeconomic situation which must be tackled. Therefore further targeted and special health promotion programs of high priority are needed.
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Questions of research while examining the organizational development of health care
144-163Views:342There are serious debates about the health crisis both in the public sector and the literature. Health care was the first service to be exempted from market law after the Second World War. General and free health care brought hope and relative results following the social shock. Due to equal access the established health networks were successful in improving health indicators, but this stalled by the end of the 1960s as modernization processes were significantly reduced and "the institutional network was confronted with new challenges ahead." (Szalai J. 1989:171) I begin my examination into the health care system by comparing the causes, phenomena, parallels, and disorganizations of past and present dissonances in primary and specialist care. I assume that having known the basic problems, a successful reform of the health care system can be started by modernization and the organizational development of primary and outpatient care.
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Health state and health education
138-162Views:810In our study, we present the results of a survey, presented among the roma local group living in settlement conditions; concerning their health state, health education and health awareness behaviour. The study explored the quality of life of these disadvantaged groups in several dimensions. According to our results health state and health education need a multilevel intervention, focused on emphasising the preventive functions of the primary health care; in order to gain a long term, positive change among the related social groups.
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Nők és férfiak egészségmagatartása a digitális térben: tények, trendek 2021-ben és 2024-ben - reprezentatív, lakossági minta eredményei alapján
48-68Views:404Introduction: The health and illness behavior of women and men is an important area of study in the sociology of health. Digital health solutions have an impact on these phenomena as well.
Methods: Our research is based on 2 representative population-based questionnaire surveys, which were done in 2021 (n= 1500) and 2024 (n=1100) respectively. In our study we used descriptive methods to analyze online health-related information seeking behavior, digital health-related options and tools.
Results: The results show that although women continue to make a higher use of some digital health solutions such as e-prescription and telemedicine, the gap between men and women has decreased in other areas such as transferring health data, while men took the lead in smart device use. Population data for 2024 indicate that the gap between men and women in the use of health information resources has also narrowed significantly.
Summary: Our 2021 research shows a clear female dominance in both online health information searching and using digital solutions. By 2024, these differences have narrowed significantly, and digital health solutions have become part of everyday life. This is indicated by the almost 80% awareness and use of e-prescription, online appointment booking and EESZT. -
Health behavior and mental health among college students at the Sapientia Hungarian University of Transylvania
26-38Views:478Aim: Our study is a quantitative investigation on the health behaviour and mental health of Sapientia Hungarian University students.
Methods: The self-administered paper based standardized questionnaire contains several scales: the Self Esteem Inventory (RSESH), the Purpose in Life Test (PIL), the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS4) and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). Data of 206 respondents were analysed from the Sapientia Hungarian University of Transylvania.
Results: Data show that students with lower self-esteem and mental health use more alcohol than students with higher selfesteem. Physical activity seems to be a protective factor against mental illness, the students who practice sport frequently are mentally healthier than those who do not. Mental health of students is largely socially determinated.
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Tudás, hozzáférés, esélyek: Az egészség-információ értelmezésének társadalmi tényezői egy panelkutatás tanulságai alapján
65-82Views:292Introduction: Health literacy is the ability to access, understand, and apply health-related information for informed decision-making.
Methods: Our study, based on data from a Hungarian panel survey, examines health literacy levels with a focus on the impact of age, educational attainment, income, and digital access.
Results: Results show that individuals with lower education, poorer financial status, and limited digital access face greater difficulties in interpreting health information.
Summary: Social inequalities in health literacy underline the need for clear communication and targeted educational interventions to promote health equity and improve individuals' ability to make informed health-related decisions. -
Examining the relationship between health literacy and alcohol consumption among students studying in technical school
2-12Views:523International research highlighted that adolescents with lower health literacy are more likely to consume alcohol. As far as we know, no similar investigation has been conducted in Hungary yet. The purpose of the study is to assess the health literacy level and alcohol use behaviours among 11th and 12th grade students. A total of 120 adolescents participated in the study. Our questionnaire included questions about alcohol use behaviours and socio-demographic background. Health literacy was measured using the Newest Vital Sign (NVS) test. Statistical analysis and exploration of relationships were performed using Fisher's exact tests and Kruskal-Wallis tests. According to the NVS test, 45.83% of the participants had adequate, 26.67% had a possibility of limited, and 27.50% had a high likelihood of limited health literacy. Borderline significance was found between the total lifetime prevalence of drunkenness and the level of health literacy (p=0.057). Limited health literacy is common among students. However, no clear relationship was detected between health literacy and alcohol use behaviour.
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Health behaviour of 18-29 year-old youngster living in settlement conditions in Nyíregyháza (Focus group interview)
84-100Views:544Besides being at economic, educational and cultural disadvantage, Roma people prove to be a highly disadvantageous social layer in health care, as well. The most disadvantageous ones reside in settlements. Although health is a basic value and activity potential for everybody, it is unlikely to develop and function well without sufficient knowledge on health and individual responsibility, or when the right to access to health care and the principle of equal treatment are damaged, or when comprehensive social policy development programs are incomplete, but most of all when the majority does not show an inclusive attitude towards Roma people. The present study reveals the health behaviour of young Roma adults of 18-19 years of age through a focus group interview.
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A munkahelyi egészségfejlesztés és az egészségturizmus kapcsolata Magyarországon
94-109Views:481Demographic changes have made it particularly important in European societies with an ageing population to ensure that workers' health is as good as possible, so that they can continue to work reliably and to a high standard for as long as possible. However, for a number of reasons, workers are unable to meet this expectation, based on workplace health surveys and absenteeism rates. Health promotion at the workplace has therefore become a priority not only for employees but also for employers, with the aim of enabling people to remain active for as long as possible and to prevent the onset of chronic diseases. In the present study, we will discuss the interconnection between health promotion and healthy lifestyles, and the possible means of achieving this, primarily by describing the Hungarian situation in the context of health tourism.
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Egészségügyi dolgozók sportolási szokásai az Észak-alföldi régióban
55-64Views:409The health of those working in health care institutions is at risk from several aspects. However regular physical activity may play a role in counteracting these adverse effects. During our research, we examined the sporting habits of employees in one of the largest healthcare providers in Hungary. The survey was conducted in a voluntary and anonymous manner using a questionnaire method. 45.1% of the 987 respondents does sport on a regular basis, at least twice a week. We also examined the differences between the various work groups – doctors, health workers, employees of other sort – and those related to gender.
Based on the results it can be stated that health consciousness still needs to be improved in the region, and an especially important element of this can be the organized health promoting activity of the health care institutions. -
Innovative IT solutions in health and sport - the importance of wearable devices, Internet of Things, artificial intelligence and Big Data
87-114Views:313Healthcare faces a significant shortage of human and financial resources. One way to overcome this is to focus on preventive medicine, through the promotion of sport and the use of advanced IT (Information Technology) tools in healthcare. These tools include wearables, the IoT (Internet of Things), Big Data and AI (artificial intelligence). This narrative review article aims to present the current state of the art in the field to support the processing of literature at the beginning of new researches by reviewing the major literature focusing on three of the data management’s functions: data collection, storing and processing. To quantify the studies, queries were run on ScienceDirect, PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar databases. The keywords used in the queries were "Internet of Things", "Big Data", "Artificial intelligence" and "Wearable devices" complemented by the terms "health" and "sports" so a total of 8 queries were run on each database. We selected only scientific articles which contain concrete results, present ICT tools used in health or sport, and were fully available from our institution's network so we examined 35 articles. The results of the queries show that in most cases more than 50% of the literature was published since 2019, so the topic is currently a highly researched area. On average, 59.57% of all published works were published from 2019 in Science Direct, 74.49% in PubMed and 77.18% in Web of Science. The above-mentioned IT tools on health and sport is significant. Their importance is most notable in the advancement of preventive medicine and innovation in medical research.
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Health Consciousness. Health Education as a Special Case of Social Responsibility
43-59Views:543Aim: In 2017, the infant death was .0039 and 0.3% of them was caused by cot death. The only chance for these infants to survive is early recognition and immediate intervention by laymen. Consequently, parents and carers are to be trained. Our research examined the efficiency of education into this emergency situation. Our aim was to highlight the key role of education which can promote health consciousness.
Methods: Efficiency was examined in two target groups. Traditional education was provided for one of the groups, while phantom simulators were used in the other one. Questionnaires and interviews revealed the respondents’ experience (n=421). The results were analysed with statistical methods.
Results: Teaching with simulation proved to be more efficient and popular than traditional education.
Conclusion: Our results reflect that simulation based education is highly needed. Education on prevention, which teaches the basics of health education, paves the way to health consciousness and health behaviour. -
Ötven év felettiek egészségi állapota és egészségmagatartása
108-133Views:564This study presents the results of mapping health status, health behavior and nutritional habits onto a group of aging adults. The data was collected in 2021 using a questionnaire with 684 individuals at the age and over the age of 50. Results indicate that one third of the respondents suffer from some chronic disease and that one out of four is overweight. The health awareness of the group was good. Health literacy showed a significant correlation with education, gender, subjective health, and the presence of a chronic disease.
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Academic risks of students characterized by risk-behaviour
63-78Views:287The aim of our study is to reveal the effectiveness and efficiency of students with different health behaviors. We were curious about the differences between students with different health-care (risk, inactive and health-conscious) students in the studied dimensions of educational performance in Hungary in the Northern Great Plain region, as well as in the Transcarpathia, Highlands, Vojvodina, Par-tium and Transylvania (IESA 2015; N = 2017). In line with our preliminary assumptions, we can see that there are more students at risk who attend less than half of the lectures, one or two or even half of their exams have not been completed, and less than one hour per lesson, while the latter is the least characteristic of for health-conscious students. They are making great efforts to meet their serious study load, but there are more people who are unable to cope with these difficulties in the first round and have failed their examinations. In this way, health-conscious behavior does not constitute supporting factor in the effectiveness of the study.
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Characteristics of risk behaviour in segregated areas of Nyíregyháza
101-114Views:410This study examines some risk behaviour characteristics in the segregated areas of Nyíregyháza. Up to 271 respondents filled in the questionnaires of the research which also involved a focus group examination on public security. Our results have shown that in these areas, where most of poorest households are crammed, health impairing behaviours aggravate health status influenced by other factors. The rate of three times as many daily smokers has negative impact not only on adult population but due to expectant mothers’ smoking habits it is likely to cause health impairment in children and foetuses alike. Although alcohol and drug consumption issues are a taboo in the examined community, these health impairing habits and subsequent addiction are obviously present. The examined risk behaviours show correlation with straining life events in childhood and, in a sense, they are related to health quality.
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Gondoskodási tőke, egészség-egyenlőtlenségek - a gondoskodás fogalom szerepe az egészség társadalmi determinánsainak elemzésében
6-31Views:313Care is a key concept in different interpretations of health, illness and cure, and it has a major influence on various fields of research in medical and health sociology. Nevertheless it has yet to evolve into a well-established conceptual framework in these areas. Therefore in this paper we explore how care as a social determinant of health impacts health outcomes, and how concepts of social determinants of care enhance our understanding of the underlying mechanisms and pathways. We place TEAM-ECD framework at the centre of our analysis, because care is conceived of neither as a factor of inequality its own right, nor as a source of health inequalities by other frameworks that are in use in this field. We aim to fill these gaps by incorporating few approaches of care inequalities into the above-mentioned framework for the social determinants of healthy early childhood development.
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Dietetics on Social Media - Netnographic Research of Instagram Stories on Healthy Eating
69-86Views:407Social media content on health and healthy eating and dietetics challenge users with a low health literacy index. There are often barriers to distinguishing who is a credible content producer and whose advice can be considered professionally relevant. In our research, we examine why the reach of social media content published by dietitians is lower than that of self-proclaimed advisors who appear to be experts. We analyzed the content of 14 Hungarian influencers in June, July, and August 2024 and tracked their follower numbers and reach using qualitative content analysis methods. We found that the reach and number of followers of influencers who are not distinct in terms of content credibility varies mainly as a function of daily activity. The more stories and posts influencers publish, the higher the rate of increase in their followers and reach of their content compared to those who rarely publish scientifically sound professionally valid content as registered dietitians. This means that the primary indicator of the credibility of the content that users seek on social media is the frequency of social media activity, the number of followers and likes, rather than the scientific, evidence-based validity of the content.
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Néhány szempont a magyar egészségügyi ágazat problématérképének összeállításához
23-31Views:795Dysfunction of health care has been a hot issue recently. Financial and human resource problems have been perceived by many of us, although a pile of other interrelated problems also appears in this field. However, several of them could be improved with adequate management methods. In order to understand the changes previously carried out in health care, it is vital to get know the legislations documenting national and international tendencies. The multi-aspect research is based on documentations, comparative analysis and evaluation of statistics from the given field. Besides them, the financial system, the state’s participation, and the service systems also need to be taken into consideration. Due to former reorganizations of health care, many different types of organizational structures connect with one another, and for profit and non profit organizations are interwoven. The complicated situation suggests that our research into this topic is rather timely. By revealing the health care systems of different countries, two basic tendencies seem to prevail. There are systems, in several states, which make cooperation easier, while there are differences, caused by historical events, whose abolition would serve everybody’s interest.
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Fő a mértékletesség! Fél évezredes életmódtanácsok fiataloknak
22-31Views:206This study presents some historical aspects of health sciences through the health education school book written in the 16th century for Transylvanian Saxon pupils. Paulus Kyr, doctor of Brașov (Kronstadt), a town in the Carpathian Arch, sums up the medical knowledge of his time for his pupils in a booklet called Sanitatis Studium. The booklet did not reach international fame, but serves with curiosities in cultural and health science history about the lifestyle of his time, and, at the same time, reveals aspects of the Renaissance’s reception in Transylvania. Kyr’s work has not lost anything from its topicality first and foremost due to the fact that appropriate lifestyle is being perceived as the key to preserving good health. This study reconsiders Kyr’s recommendations from the health sciences’ perspective of our days.
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A COVID hatás okozta társadalmi változások becslése / Bódi Ferenc gondolatainak továbbfűzése
26-43Views:349The article by Ferenc Bódi appeared in the spring issue of this journal in the spring of 2021. He undertook to estimate the impact of the changes caused by the pandemic on health care and the expected economic and social changes. His study, due to the scale of the pandemic, is a macro-level analysis. When the study came out, we all hoped that the COVID-19 epidemic was already coming to an end and that we needed to focus on starting again. Society has partly faded, partly realized that this epidemic is different from the previous ones. This encouraged me to continue to think about some of the Hungarian phenomena and to express my thoughts on the expected changes. I cannot undertake to analyze all areas of the crisis caused by the epidemic, but I will make an attempt to present its phenomena in health care, their interpretation, and the social effects of the current Hungarian health crisis so far. In my writing, I rely on my own research and that of my colleagues, and on the reports of my students in the health care system.
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Quality of Life of Patients with Arrhythmia
32-42Views:311Introduction: Quality of life must be perceived in two levels - objective and subjective. Heart arrhythmia is a disease of the cardiovascular system that, by its subjective and objective symptoms, can affect the individual's life physically, mentally, and also socially. It can limit a person in his or her everyday activities or in activities that make them happy or satisfied.
Objectives: The aim of the research was to map the quality of life of patients with arrhythmia and to verify whether the duration of arrhythmia has an effect on the quality of life of patients with arrhythmia.
Methods: A standardized ASTA (Arrhythmia - Specific Questionnaire in Tachycardia and Arrhythmias) questionnaire was used to collect quantitative data. The research group consisted of adult patients diagnosed with hearth arrhythmia, hospitalized at the Department of Cardiology of the Ceske Budejovice Hospital (Nemocnice České Budějovice a.s.). A total of 127 valid questionnaires were used for data processing.
Results: The research revealed that the most common symptom of arrhythmia in 58% cases was rapid heartbeat, irregular heartbeat, and a sense of heart failure. Most respondents agreed with the claim that heart rhythm disorder makes it impossible for them to perform work, study, and perform daily life activities. No statistically significant differences were found in the evaluation of the influence of the arrhythmia duration on the patients' quality of life.
Conclusions: Arrhythmia duration in the selected sample does not affect the overall health status and quality of life measured by the ASTA series questionnaires. Arrhythmia restricts the patient to perform work tasks, study, and perform daily life activities. -
A multi-level approach for the research background of subjective health condition in view of social inequalities
13-25Views:704In Hungary, as well as worldwide, one of the main objects of health sociology research is social inequality, focusing mainly on the inequalities stemming from health conditions. The main question is where and how these inequalities appear and evolve during the whole life-history, and how they sustain. In modern societies these differences clearly appear in the markers of health conditions like subjective well-being. The rate of inequalities are defined by essential sociocultural and sociodemographic variables like residual environment, geographical location, age or gender. A very important attribute of social research is to examine these phenomena on different stages and from various aspects. In my study I investigate these stages and aspects using the relevant theoretical literature.