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• Many paths lead to statistical inference: Should teaching it focus on elementary approaches or reflect this multiplicity?

  259-293

  Manfred Borovcnik

  Views:

  55

  For statistics education, a key question is how to design learning paths to statistical inference that are elementary enough that the learners can understand the concepts and that are rich enough to develop the full complexity of statistical inference later on. There are two ways to approach this problem: One is to restrict the complexity. Informal Inference considers a reduced situation and refers to resampling methods, which may be completely outsourced to computing power. The other is to find informal ways to explore situations of statistical inference, also supported with the graphing and simulating facilities of computers. The latter orientates towards the full complexity of statistical inference though it tries to reduce it for the early learning encoun-ters. We argue for the informal-ways approach as it connects to Bayesian methods of inference and allows for a full concept of probability in comparison to the Informal Inference, which reduces probability to a mere frequentist concept and – based on this – restricts inference to a few special cases. We also develop a didactic framework for our analysis, which includes the approach of Tamás Varga.

  Subject Classification: 97K10, 97K70, 97K50, 97D20

• Teaching model-based testing

  1-17

  Gábor Árpád Németh

  Views:

  1012

  Different testing methodologies should play an important role in the education of informatics. In the model-based testing (MBT) approach, the specification of the system is described with a formal model. This model can be used to revise the correctness of the specification and as a starting point for automatic test generation. The main problem with MBT is however, that there is a huge gap between theory and practice and that this approach has a high learning curve. To cope with these problems, current paper shows, how the MBT approach can be introduced to students through a small scale example.

  Subject Classification: P50

• Consequences of a virtual encounter with George Pólya

  173-182

  John Mason

  Views:

  74

  The consequences of a virtual encounter with George Pólya as a teacher are recorded. An instance of his influence on my mathematical thinking is recounted through work on one of the problems in one of his books.

  Subject Classification: 01A99, 11A05, 97-03, 97D50

• Task variations for backtrack

  107-120

  László Menyhárt

  László Zsakó

  Views:

  47

  This article has been written for informatics teachers who want to issue back-track based tasks on their lessons or as homework or on competitions. We present a few methods to generate a more complicated problem from a simpler task, which will be more complex, and its solution needs a good idea or trick. Starting from an example, we lead the reader through increasingly di cult task variations.

  Subject Classification: 97P50