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• Career preferences of Roma young people

  33-62

  Views:

  209

  The study presents and analyses the career preferences of young Roma people who have graduated or are currently graduating, and draws on quanti-tative and qualitative data from a comprehensive national survey to identify the patterns that characterise the Roma graduate population under study. The results of the questionnaire-based research will show the correlations bet-ween the qualifications, field of study, gender, age, place of residence, future plans, and the Roma linguistic/cultural group of the respondents in order to illustrate their career preferences. The qualitative research findings show that the experience of Roma identity plays a crucial role in young Roma peoples 39; s career preferences and future plans. Irrespective of their Ro-ma community affiliation, the main dimensions of the career preferences of the sample are exclusion, prejudice, self-perceived discrimination and the marginalised situation of the Roma communities.

• Trends and best-known results of research on Gypsy/Roma communities in Hungary

  5-32

  Views:

  443

  Gypsy communities have been known in Hungarian majority society for half a millennium. However, sources are poor and only provide information on a few aspects of their lives. Some scholars have attempted to define this sporadic, small group of people when their numbers have increased significantly. In the second half of the 20th century, archivists and ethnographers began to investigate their origins, their common history, the origin of their names, and the specific characteristics that shape their way of life, language, culture and beliefs. Their findings have led to their being defined as a minority, but they are now estimated to number between 10 and 12 million in Europe.  There are naïve researchers and advocates of Gypsy/Roma history who believe that the glories of the past and the persecutions of the past are to be found, but in scientific research, the view is becoming increasingly accepted that the communities of the past centuries in Europe and Hungary, known by their collective name of Gypsy/Roma, cannot be described as homogeneous, undifferentiated entities, either historically, ethnographically or sociologically. Throughout history, Roma/Gypsy people and communities have not been made Roma/Gypsy by the same criteria, and therefore they must be understood primarily in terms of their social situation, so that their integration can be made possible and the national and EU programmes of schooling, compulsory employment and the dismantling of Roma settlements can open up real paths to social advancement.

• „Nem tudom, hogyan lehet rájuk hatást gyakorolni...” Pedagógusok a roma tanulók oktatásáról

  71-88

  Views:

  119

  In our study we analyse a specific aspect of the mass presence of Roma pupils in schools: the context in which the social environment of Szeklerland creates the context for the schooling of Roma pupils. After outlining the characteristics of the regional social context, we present some classroom situations which for teachers bear the challenges of confronting the cultural difference of pupils. The research method is interviews with teachers in Roma-majority classrooms. Our research shows that a significant part of the work of teachers in Roma-majority classrooms is not about teaching, but about managing cultural difference. In the context of the specific social conditions of the Szekler region, in addition to the social approach (extreme poverty) and the search for methodological solutions in the education of Roma children, it is also useful to pay attention to the social relations as a frame of the educational process.

• Educational situation picture of Roma residents living in shantytown conditions in North Great Plain Region

  112-137

  Views:

  309

  In our study, we examine what kind of educational qualifications Roma residents living in shantytown conditions in a large city in Hungary have, what their motivation to learn is like and to what extent school dropout is typical among them. We can compare our research results with the national statistical data available only in a limited number, because the analysis of the Hungarian Central Statistical Office’s Microcensus 2016 data revealing ethnicity data is the last database on the subject under examination. The theoretical part of our paper covers the historical presentation of Roma participation in education, the background factors of school failure and dropout. We used univariate and multivariate analysis techniques to evaluate our research data. According to the analysis of the data, the proportion of Roma with vocational qualifications and certificate of baccalaureate among Roma living in the shantytown conditions examined is higher than in the 2016 national survey. Our data confirmed the sociological findings that the primary role of girls in Roma families is to contribute to family life, even at the detriment of learning, since fewer of the girls living in the shantytown continue their education than boys. According to our results, the respondents are aware that higher education is supposed to lead to find better jobs, but the responses reflect bad experiences and one third of the Roma in the shantytown believe that living in the shantytown is a disadvantage when trying to find a job.

• “Brave enough to remove the shell of a chestnut.” The career path of a resilient teacher

  85-101

  Views:

  253

  Being successful at school as a Roma student is a crucial sociological question. Roma teachers’ experience is invaluable when seeking to understand and solve problems that students with similar backgrounds have. Resilience is our academic starting point. In PISA who belong to a lower social class but have higher achievements are called resilient students. Educational sociologists say that a person’s life is resilient when it is successful, notwithstanding the disadvantaged social background (Ceglédi 2018). We have analysed Roma teachers with resilient lives and looked for answers to what kind of possibilities and dangers of a resilient life might hide in the pedagogical career. Given a unique target group, we chose snowball sampling. 6 semistructured interviews were made in eastern Hungary in 2019, in which we emphasized the resilience of their life taken, the pedagogic job, and their connection. We did qualitative analysis of the transcripts. The resilient Roma teachers incorporate their life experience into their pedagogic fields and their coping serves as a model for their students.

• Health behaviour of 18-29 year-old youngster living in settlement conditions in Nyíregyháza (Focus group interview)

  84-100

  Zsolt Ember

  Views:

  307

  Besides being at economic, educational and cultural disadvantage, Roma people prove to be a highly disadvantageous social layer in health care, as well. The most disadvantageous ones reside in settlements. Although health is a basic value and activity potential for everybody, it is unlikely to develop and function well without sufficient knowledge on health and individual responsibility, or when the right to access to health care and the principle of equal treatment are damaged, or when comprehensive social policy development programs are incomplete, but most of all when the majority does not show an inclusive attitude towards Roma people. The present study reveals the health behaviour of young Roma adults of 18-19 years of age through a focus group interview.

• Roma employment – disadvantaged situation - labour market insecurity

  90-111

  Views:

  401

  The problems faced by disadvantaged social groups are complex and require a multidimensional, interdisciplinary approach. In our study, we present the employment-related results of a 2021 survey of a predominantly Roma local community living in a settlement conditions across several dimensions of quality of life. In addition to the employment characteristics of the target group, we explore their employment attitudes, work value preferences and related gender and social roles. Our results show a positive change in the employment situation of the local society, although general labour market insecurity remains to be seen.

• Incidence and characteristics of risk behaviours in a sample group who living in settlement conditions

  163-188

  Views:

  223

  Roma people living in settlement conditions generally consider their health to be worse in Hungary. They feel less able to influence and act to improve their health. Risk behaviors are present at a higher rate in Roma, than in a majority population. In our study, we present the results related to the risk behavior of a local Roma living in settlement conditions in 2021. The results were analyzed using the SPSS software. 11.6% of the respondents (n = 220) declared themselves to be in poorer health. The proportion of daily smokers reaches 70% (70.3%). According to the self-report, 2.1% of the men in the sample consume alcoholic beverages every day and an additional 2.1% drink 1-2 times a week. 24.2% of respondents know of a close acquaintance (at least one person) who is addicted to substance use. The issue of multiple fruit consumers is a significant gender difference (8%) to the detriment of male fruit consumption (female: 18.1% vs. male: 10.6%). 57.4% of men and 33.5% of women were overweight and a further 20% were obese (male: 19.1% vs. female: 33.5%). The interventions are urgent.

• The health status of people living in Roma settlements in Nyíregyháza

  70-83

  Renáta Jávorné Erdei

  Péter Takács

  Views:

  293

  Some former research have shown that Roma people living in settlements in Hungary generally rate their health status worse than the majority society, and do not really feel they could do anything to improve their health status. Our research, which combines quantitative and qualitative methods, was done in two settlements in Nyíregyháza with the aim to examine the subjective health status and health behaviour of people living there. This study presents the health status of the Husar and Eastern settlements and these data are compared with that of the general population of Nyíregyháza. The health status of persons in the sample was significantly impacted by their disadvantageous socialeconomic situation which must be tackled. Therefore further targeted and special health promotion programs of high priority are needed.

• I am who I am. Minority group identification

  102-120

  Views:

  148

  Over the past half century, there have been rapid changes and reorientation in social processes, which can be perceived empirically, too. Our world has become more interactive, information flow has hastened, and communication technology has constantly been evolving. The accelerated processes, the historical and cultural changes have caused an identity crisis for families belonging to minority groups. The purpose of this study is to present how identification has changed among couples of intermarriage who are living in Vojvodina, and among the members of a community of Roma women living in two Hungarian counties. Similarities and differences in the lives of these two minority groups were investigated. In our research, we have concluded that the opening of mobility opportunities has significantly accelerated assimilation.

• Health through the Eyes of the Romani minority

  16-22

  Views:

  127

  Aim: The aim of this study was to ascertain the subjective view of the Romani community on their own health, in the context of social integration and the effects of the environment, using the Transcultural Assessment Model.
  Methods: The collection of data was conducted via quantitative research using an unstructured questionnaire. The experimental group consisted of 600 members of the Romani minority.
  Results: The results showed that health is one of the main values that influence the life of the Romani minority. According to a substantial proportion of respondents, they are regularly concerned with matters of their own health; however, most of them do not attend medical check-ups.
  Conclusion: The concept of sickness and health is highly subjective for each person. Moreover, the culture to which an individual belongs is among the factors that influence an understanding of the concept of health. Thus, when providing medical care, one must also get to know a patient’s culture and their subjective view of health or sickness.

• Situational picture of the employment of Roma people residing in settlements in Nyíregyháza

  32-44

  Anita R. Fedor

  Petra Balla

  Views:

  327

  In our study we present the employment situation of people residing in the Husar and Eastern settlements which can be found in Nyíregyháza. This study is focussing on one aspect from the many dimensions examined by the research into the life quality of Roma people residing in settlements. As expected, our results revealed that the residents of these settlements are at a huge disadvantage in employment. The extent of employment is mainly influenced by low education, the high number of children and their attitude towards working. According to our results, 70% of the respondents have been unemployed before and 49.8% of them are unemployed at the moment.

• Situational pictures of settlements

  19-31

  Katalin Szoboszlai

  Views:

  340

  Within the research into the life quality of Roma people residing in settlements, this study analyzes their housing situation using the available data. Although the Husar and the Eastern settlements are separate ones situated at the most distant ends of the city of Nyíregyháza, they show similarities regarding the number and condition of flats, housing environment and the housing quality of the residents. Housing poverty is palpable in both settlements which can be described with no restoration of buildings or flats for many decades, hazards in the environment and hardly affordable housing costs. This study presents the details and tries to understand the picture behind the data.

• Határmentiség – hátrányos helyzet – munkaerőpiaci bizonytalanság

  44-62

  Views:

  282

  In recent years, we have witnessed favourable labour market developments, with an increase in employment and a decrease unemployment since 2013. This is roughly the time when the domestic economy recovered from the financial crisis that unfolded in 2008. However, these favourable labour market developments do not affect the regions of Hungary or individual groups of workers uniformly. And although the relative position of Roma workers in the previously disadvantaged areas of the North-East and South-West has improved, their gap and lack of opportunities remains significant compared to non-Roma people.

• Housing in a slum

  76-89

  Views:

  149

  The study analyses the quality of life of the inhabitants of the Roma housing estate through the housing conditions. The housing estate has undergone several changes in the last two years, but the segregation character of the estate has not changed. There is the mobility of residents moving in and out of the settlement, and one-third of the population has moved in from other settlements that have been demolished in the last two years. The exterior and refurbishment of the residential buildings on the site have renewed the housing stock and the residents are now living in comfortable rental accommodation. However, housing poverty persists. Residents live mainly in small and overcrowded flats where children usually share a room with adults. The rising cost of housing maintenance is a serious problem for payment in the settlement. Although the condition of the housing has improved with renovations in the settlement, the increase in overcrowding and housing costs has not brought an increase in the standard of living in terms of housing.

• Characteristics of risk behaviour in segregated areas of Nyíregyháza

  101-114

  Lajos Hüse

  Views:

  234

  This study examines some risk behaviour characteristics in the segregated areas of Nyíregyháza. Up to 271 respondents filled in the questionnaires of the research which also involved a focus group examination on public security. Our results have shown that in these areas, where most of poorest households are crammed, health impairing behaviours aggravate health status influenced by other factors. The rate of three times as many daily smokers has negative impact not only on adult population but due to expectant mothers’ smoking habits it is likely to cause health impairment in children and foetuses alike. Although alcohol and drug consumption issues are a taboo in the examined community, these health impairing habits and subsequent addiction are obviously present. The examined risk behaviours show correlation with straining life events in childhood and, in a sense, they are related to health quality.

• Health state and health education

  138-162

  Views:

  466

  In our study, we present the results of a survey, presented among the roma local group living in settlement conditions; concerning their health state, health education and health awareness behaviour. The study explored the quality of life of these disadvantaged groups in several dimensions. According to our results health state and health education need a multilevel intervention, focused on emphasising the preventive functions of the primary health care; in order to gain a long term, positive change among the related social groups.

• Az iskolai szegregáció szerepe a hátrányos helyzetű gyermekek és fiatalok lemaradásában

  67-88

  Views:

  1056

  Experts have long studied the relationship between school segregation and unequal opportunity for students from disadvantaged backgrounds. Drawing on academic literature, research and statistical data, this paper examines the consolidation of school segregation in the country, the impact of segregation on the learning achievement of disadvantaged students in public education and on intergroup relations. The issue of educational segregation and integration is often a subject of debate, but research evidence favours heterogeneous composition to foster students' school careers, future labour market prospects and social inclusion.