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The impact of digitalization on the financial sector
29-42Views:421Present-day consumer society increasingly satisfies its needs through digital channels, and financial products and services are no exceptions. The 4th industrial revolution is not only about the penetration of technology, but also the paradigm shift of business processes. The traditional members of the financial sector must adapt to the digitalized world to keep their positions in the market. The penetration of BigTech and FinTech companies influenced the expectations of consumers: customer experience became the main criteria of their decisions. In order to simplify and accelerate processes, banks use the methods of digitalization, and automatize the system to increase client satisfaction. In this article, we will introduce the three
bank types based primarily on the usage of innovative technology, the extension and depth of the cooperation with FinTech companies, and the status of a bank’s internal digital transformation. Also, we will introduce the current status of the banking sector evidenced by our SWOT-analysis and mention some of the existing payment solutions.
JEL Classification: G21, G23 -
Szerződési szabadság és gazdasági növekedés az átmeneti országokban
95-114Views:114A tanulmány a verseny gazdasági növekedésre gyakorolt hatásait vizsgálja, középpontba állítva a verseny szubjektivista (modern osztrák) felfogását. Legfontosabb következtetése az, hogy a verseny a vállalkozói felfedező folyamaton keresztül tud a legjobban érvényre jutni. Ennek alapján amellett érvel, hogy a versenynek eme aspektusa a gazdasági szabadsággal mérhető, és az átmenti országok esetében ennek nagyobb a szerepe, mint a fejlett és fejletlen országokban. Az elméleti következtetést a tanulmány panelelemzéssel támasztja alá.
JEL (Journal of Economic Literature) kód: O12, O17, L14.
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The shift from Office to Customer Oriented Culture: the Case of the Hungarian Post: Liberalizáció és szervezeti változások a postai szektorban
143-158Views:235The case study is conducted within the framework of organizational change and organization innovation, and examines the changes in knowledge requirements and the alterations caused by the liberalization generated by the Magyar Posta Zrt. The study focuses on the transformation of official attitudes, the make up of the required knowledge and how organizational changes have facilitated the development of a customer-oriented organizational structure. Based on the interviews conducted, the conclusion is that the process of “providing service ex-officio” has not yet been completed, but the employees are increasingly becoming involved in a client-centred approach. On the management level the preservation of the hierarchy and the status quo have more importance than the expression of the new organizational values.
Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) classifications: D23, M14
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How do informal institutions affect FDI? An assessment of the literature
71-82Views:138A number of studies have examined the determinants of foreign direct investments (FDI). Institutions can be seen as an immobile location advantage, which can influence FDI flows. The aim of this study is to summarise the empirical literature on the growing importance of institutions in FDI decisions, especially that of informal institutions. The study also suggests using another measure as a proxy for informal institutions when analyzing the impact of informal institutions on FDI.
Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) codes: E02, F02
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White collar outsourcing: phenomena of offshore outsourcing
41-60Views:176Offshoring is the migration of part or all of the value chain to a low-cost location many times far from the home country. The development of information technology and telecommunications makes it possible and pressure on costs make it a must for many corporations and other institutions in the developed world. The present transfer of white-collar jobs and processes is an important trend of the infocom innovation wave. Developing countries have started to compete for outsourced jobs and business processes, business models of offshoring develop fast. It is not easy to predict all potential consequences but there will be winners and losers of this structural change.
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From mud-hut to microprocessors: The unified growth theory
29-50Views:110The Unified Growth Theory attempts to explain economic growth in the long run within a single framework. Accordingly, it is expected that a successful unified theory is capable of modeling the transition among different economic regimes. In this study, after identifying the main features of the three growth regimes (Mathusian, post-Malthusian and sustained economic growth), we review two typical unified growth theories. While the Hansen-Prescott model seeks to explain how the transition occurred, the Galor-Weil model focuses on the causes and interrelatedness of the observed phenomena.
JEL classification: N10, O41
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Chile and the Global Depression
132-146Views:125The 2007-2009 economic crisis ended an exceptional, five year-long economic boom for Chile and other countries in Latin America. The most beneficial economic outcome of the upswing was the fundamental improvement of the region’s countries in terms of the current crisis, which greatly reduce these countries’ vulnerability to external economic shocks. Based on the previous assumption several economists shared the opinion that “This time things are different”. That is, the fate of the continent in the current crisis will be decided differently as the global downturn has barely affected the region’s economic indicators. However, from September 2008 it has become apparent that the continent’s economy remains vulnerable. The crisis, which has infected the real economy through multiple channels, has reached two major victims of the recession, - Latin America and Central and Eastern Europe – leaving them with a decline in GDP per capita and the slowdown of economic growth. Conversely, Chile experienced a decline of a lesser extent due to its structural reforms and was able to re-orientate to its previous growth path much quicker than the rest of the continent’s economy after the ending of the crisis.
JEL classification: O54, H12, O20
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The Economic Theory of Clubs
64-85Views:160Defining club goods allows an analysis of goods that possess neither pure public goods nor pure private goods characteristics. This is the main significance of the economic theory of clubs. The present paper categorises club good among goods in general on the basis of the relevant literature, and specifies the core elements of a definition of clubs and club goods. Then, by summarizing the most important articles on the subject, this paper delineates fundamental questions and models of club theory. Finally, supporting the relevant practical issues of club theory, this study describes economic fields where the theory has been applied.
Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) classification: H41, H49
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Russia in Europe
42-53Views:107While Russia has always defined herself, since WW II the latest, in relation to America, the focus of the Russian foreign economy and foreign policy has traditionally been and remained Europe. In the new millenium this contradiction is increased by postmodernity and the policy of the balance of powers of the 19th century. The paper - with a historical overview - justifies that the solution is the unusual relationship between foreign policy and internal policy. Whereas in most countries foreign policy is the extension of the internal policy, in Russia it has been and currently is also the other way round. Foreign policy is the extension of the internal policy, in Russia it has been and currently is also the otherway round. Foreign policy is the means of internal, national and state building efforts and is understandable only from this point of view.
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Was there a stock market bubble in Hungary?
Views:209Bubble is one of the most frequently used and colorful terms in economics. However, it is rarely explained in detail, most economists more or less agree on what it means. In the following paper we are going to show that the widely accepted explanation of bubble contains controversial, tautological reasoning. It is challenged from the theoretical side, but practical consequences will also be mentioned. Two questions hiding in the title above will be answered. First is to give a conceptual framework for analyzing stock prices to decide whether we can label as a bubble particular movements, upward and downward tendencies in stock prices. Second, with a coherent and consistent definition we will be able to answer the question whether there was a bubble in the Hungarian stock market between 1995-2002.
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Az árak mérésének nehézsége, vagy a mérés nehézségének ára? A magyar mobilpiac modellezésének néhány kérdése
199-216Views:114A dolgozat a magyar mobilszolgáltatások áraival kapcsolatos kérdéseket vizsgálja. Számba veszi a mérést akadályozó legfontosabb nehézségeket, melyek lényeges dilemma elé állítják a kutatót. Vagy megpróbálunk egy aggregált mutatót konstruálni, amely a korábbi adatokra épül és inkább a múltbeli, illetve jelenbeli helyzetet jellemzi – feláldozva ezzel az előrejelzés lehetőségét –, vagy megkerülendő a nehézségeket elméleti modellt alkalmazunk az árak jövőbeni felvázolására. E probléma érzékeltetésére két, a gyakorlatban alkalmazott mutatót és azok hiányosságait ismerteti a szerző, majd a jól ismert Bertrand-modell helytállóságát igazolja. A modell eredménye az árverseny, melynek alátámasztására empirikus tényeket sorakoztat fel a szerző.
Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) kód: D21, D43, L13
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The growing state presence in the world economy: Sovereign Wealth Funds
149-166Views:238While sovereign wealth funds (SWFs) were formerly considered to be passive financial investors, today we can see their active presence in international capital markets. The aim of this study is to give an overall view of these funds, which are becoming increasingly important actors in the international monetary and financial system. This study presents the formation and purposes of sovereign wealth funds, as well as the main factors contributing to their growing presence. Moreover, this study provides an insight into the investment activities and practices of these funds.
JEL classification: E58, F21, F30, G15
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Limits of Economic Theories in Border Research
98-116Views:144The paper approaches the possible consequences of further trade liberalization, integration and the disappearance of borders from the perspective of well-known economic theories. After putting forward the questions and hypotheses, the author shows the different conclusions of economic approaches in the case of further integration and disappearing borders in borderlands. Using the results of economic theories the paper outlines the development path of those spatial units where state borders still play an important role in forming economic interactions. It comes to the conclusion that only regional reshuffling
can be mentioned in relation to further integration. The paper also draws attention to the fact that economic theories do not give clear-cut and comprehensive answers for development, so the economic approach could be too simplistic. Consequently, a wellelaborated empirical research programme could provide a genuinely nuanced picture of the development path of borderlands.Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) classifications: F15, O18, R12
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Financial hegemony in Hungary?
105-132Views:99The theory of financial hegemony argues that the centralization of the financial sector allows for coordinated decision making over the disposition of investment capital. Because of the importance of outside funding in fueling economic expansion and weathering ongoing economic crises, such centralized decision-making over capital flows confers upon the financial leadership the capacity to coordinate activity ampng a wide range of economic actors. In theis paper I test the statements of the above theory in the network of the interlocking Board of Directors memberships within the best 100 companis and 36 banks in Hungary.
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A monetáris politika eltérő hatása az USA-ban és az eurózónában – azaz gondolatok az eltérő kibocsátási reakcióról
113-132Views:128Angeloni és szerzőtársai 2003-as tanulmányukban kvantitatív módszerekkel nem találták a választ arra kérdésre, hogy miért reagál az Egyesült Államokban érzékenyebben a fogyasztás egy monetáris politikai lépésre, mint az eurózóna országaiban. E dolgozatban kvalitatív módon vázol fel egy lehetséges választ a fenti problémára. A szerző elsősorban a pénzügyi közvetítőrendszer, az ebből következő pénzügyi vagyonszerkezet és az erre épülő transzmissziós mechanizmusok különbségében látja a lehetséges megoldást. Módszerünkkel nem tudunk választ adni arra a kérdésre, hogy a felvázolt strukturális eltérésekből következő érzékenységkülönbség megmagyarázza az Angeloni és szerzőtársai által kimutatott mértéket.
Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) kód: E21, E44, E52, G20 -
Examination of the effect of financial transfers within the European Union
83-102Views:253It is a common view that financial transfers within the European Union have a significant effect on economic growth. Model simulations, sponsored by the European Commission, seem to confirm this supposition. The econometric analyses evaluating the actual impact of the funds, however, yields a dismal picture on the additional growth and convergence effects of financial transfers. This study's goal is to find the reason why the outcomes differ so much. First, we present the main types and the underlying logic of the evaluation methods of EU regional policy. This is followed by a review of the lessons learnt from the specific evaluation methodologies including case-studies, general equilibrium models, and regression analyses. Our conclusion is that the main objectives of the European regional policy prevailed only to a limited extent, which is mainly due to crowding out effects, rent-seeking, inefficient allocation and moral hazard.
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The possibilities and impossibilities of Hungarian public debt
26-42Views:347The topic of the present study is the hypothetical, ex ante nature examination of Hungary’s gross consolidated public debt. The study defines the most important concepts and correlations, the judgments on the different degrees of public debt, the development of the Hungarian public debt, its main stages and characteristics. The study then presents a macroeconomic framework, which can predict the future output values of the public debt commensurable to GDP, depending on the parameters of the main explanatory variables. The establishment of input values of the main macroeconomic aggregates, as endogenous variables, is based on the author’s extrapolation and other empirical studies. Applying these, the values of the future public debt rates can be forecasted. The present study intends to show that the explanatory (economic) variables currently have well established values, which, if inserted into the chosen macroeconomic forecasting framework, show that the Hungarian public debt compared to GDP can be reduced to the desired 50 percent level. As the result of ten scenarios a more or less pessimistic, but in the case of one scenario, an optimistic, picture emerged concerning the future state of gross public debt.
Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) classifications: C53, H68
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A HR gyakorlatok alakulásának összehasonlító vizsgálata a világ négy régiójában, közép-kelet-európai sajátosságokat keresve
20-38Views:274A közép- és kelet-európai országok emberi erőforrás menedzselési (Human Resource Management – HRM, vagy röviden HR) gyakorlatának alakulásáról készülő tanulmányokat a régió országaiban működő szakemberek, vezetők és a kutatók egyaránt érdeklődéssel fogadják. E tanulmányban ezt az igényt újszerű módon, a regionális sajátosságok bemutatásával igyekszünk kielégíteni. Az összehasonlító HRM főbb fejlődési fázisainak szakirodalmi áttekintése után, az ezek megállapításaira építő régióképzési elvek alkalmazásával, összehasonlító elemzés segítségével mutatjuk be a világ Cranet hálózati tagországaiból
képzett négy régiójának HR sajátosságait. Figyelmünk középpontjában a közép- és kelet-európai országok HR jellegzetességeinek feltárása áll. Ennek érdekében ezeket először HR kulcsfunkciónként, majd összegzően is összevetjük Európa volt szocialista országok nélküli régiójának, illetve a nem európai angolszász és a délkelet-ázsiai országok HR jellegzetességeivel, a 2008/10-es Cranet-felmérés adatai alapján.Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) kódok: M12, M50,M51, M52,M53 és M54