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• Analysis the advanced ICT usage of the Hungarian SME sector for preparing a domestic agri-food research

  147-153

  Szilvia Botos

  János Felföldi

  László Várallyai

  Ádám Péntek

  Róbert Szilágyi

  Views:

  387

  In the Hungarian agro-food sector SMEs have a key role but regarding the tendency of the performance of SME sector, comparing to EU-28 average, the performance of Hungarian SME sector has gradually worsened between 2008 and 2015 while the EU average has an increasing trend. ICT can help enterprises and this article is an overview of the ICT situation of Hungarian SMEs. It is important to analyse in detail the ICT usage characteristics of agro SMEs in the food supply chain because these ICT devices, tools and services are crucial to smooth the information flow within the chain. For all these reasons our work aims to find out how Hungarian agro-food SMEs use ICT and how ICT adoption affect their business procedures, performance and development. A striking observation to emerge from the data comparison is the difference among SMEs and large enterprises regarding the usage of the different basic and advanced ICT solutions. A much bigger percent of large companies use advanced ICT then SMEs and mainly small enterprises are lagging behind as the attitudes of medium sized enterprises are rather similar to the large ones. In Hungary small enterprises in agro-food industry are in difficult financial state and for them free Cloud Computing services can offer good opportunities as they do not have initial costs. ICT adoption is very important to them as ICT sector is a dynamically growing sector and if customers and partners of an enterprise adapt faster to these technological innovations, it may have a negative effect on the different processes, performance and financial results of the organisation. In this article our aim was to determine the main question groups for our questionnaire which focus mainly on ICT solutions supporting the quality of communication and relationship between partners. As the basic IT tools are available in the major part even in the SMEs besides large companies, the two main issues will be the usage of advanced online services and the usage of high quality ICT solutions.

  JEL Code: M15

• CYBER MATURITY AMONG EUROPEAN SMES: A TIME-SERIES AND CLUSTER-BASED ANALYSIS

  Zsanett Porkolab-Angyalos

  Róbert Szilágyi

  Views:

  0

  medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) between 2015 and 2025, with particular focus on trends in cyber threat exposure, defensive investment patterns, and the regulatory impact of the NIS2 Directive. Given the limited availability of long-term firm-level microdata, the research combines aggregated EU-level time-series data (Eurostat, ENISA, IBM) with a calibrated synthetic SME dataset (N = 100) to model maturity dynamics. Time-series forecasting was conducted using Prophet models to analyze the development of incident frequency (INCID_FREQ) and cybersecurity investment intensity (SPEND_RATIO), treating NIS2 as an exogenous regulatory shock. In parallel, K-Means clustering was applied across three maturity dimensions (investment ratio, NIS2 compliance level, and incident response time) to identify distinct cybersecurity profiles. The results indicate that cyber threat exposure has increased at a faster pace than defensive expenditures, particularly between 2015 and 2020. While the anticipated NIS2 effect in 2025 generates a measurable surge in security spending, it does not ensure long-term convergence between risk growth and investment intensity. The cluster analysis identifies three maturity groups (Ad-hoc, Managed, and Optimized) corresponding to consolidated CMMI and NIST-CSF levels. These findings suggest that regulatory pressure can accelerate short-term adaptation, but sustainable cybersecurity maturity among SMEs requires structural capability development, governance improvements, and strategic investment alignment