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Continuing spread of Plantago coronopus along Hungarian roads
19–26Views:623In the course of our research of Hungarian transport routes, we observed an intensive spread of the Atlantic-Mediterranean Plantago coronopus L., a recently established species in Hungary. Between 2017 and 2019, it was detected in 47 flora mapping quadrats, which increased the total number of occurrences to 81 since 2013. Besides motorways, the main Hungarian transport routes were involved as well. 26 occurrences have been recorded along the roads 4/E60, E573, 8/E66, 86/E65 and 87, which are severely affected by international traffic. However, on routes avoiding international transit traffic, the species’ occurrences are still rare. In some cases, the predominant direction of traffic appeared to influence the formation of new stands. It is very likely that the first individuals that appeared along the section of the M86/E65 motorway between Szombathely and Hegyfalu in 2019, arrived primarily by northbound traffic, rather than along the road 86, which runs parallel to it only a few hundred meters away. Likewise, it seems certain that the spread of the species along the roads M1/E60, E75 (Mocsa, Tata, Páty) and M7/E71 (Fonyód, Balatonlelle, Kajászó) as well as the road 8/E66 (Bakonygyepes, Veszprém) is due to reproduction of older extensive local populations. At several localities along the outer bend of roundabouts or near the exits of motorways, a dispersal role of intense winter road salting was also observed. The largest populations were located mostly along ditches, next to the (often bare) lane of roadbeds that are heavily affected by mechanical and osmotic stress. The majority of stands were found within a 3 meters wide belt along the asphalt strip (5 meters was measured in the lawn of a cemetery once). Since the species is present continuously at several localities since 2013, it is considered as naturalised in Hungary, and its further spread can be confidently predicted. The current status of the species in Hungary is naturalised (non-trans¬former) neophyte.
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Occurrence and habitat conditions of Gagea minima along the Sorok stream (W Hungary)
189–194Views:207Gagea minima (L.) Ker Gawl. is a Eurasian bulbous species. It occurs sporadically in Hungary, but so far only one current occurrence is known from the Western Transdanubia. In recent years, a large metapopulation has been found in a 15 km long section of the Sorok stream. Its habitat is the high sandy bank above the stream, where it lives mostly in nitrophilous vegetation under non-native tree species. Its long-term persistence in this secondary habitat may have been facilitated by its bulbs, which may have been regularly dispersed by periodic disturbance. Myrmecochory may also have played a role in the local establishment of subpopulations. A number of recently found populations indicate that data on the distribution of the species is still incomplete. The lack of data is probably due to its short flowering period and relative inconspicuousness. Gagea minima is considered a valuable relict species in the altered environment of the Sorok stream and its surroundings.
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Contribution to the bryoflora of Sopron Hills (W Hungary) II.
59-66Views:152Based on data collected during their field survey in 2009–2014, the authors present the results of bryofloristical investigations carried out in the Hungarian part of Sopron Hills. The authors have detected altogether 22 species previously unreported from the territory. These are: Diplophyllum albicans, Scapania lingulata, Scapania scandica, Bryoerythrophyllum recurvirostrum, Ctenidium molluscum, Didymodon vinealis, Ditrichum cylindricum, Ditrichum pusillum, Fissidens dubius, Fissidens exilis, Homalothecium sericeum, Leucobryum juniperoideum, Neckera crispa, Orthotrichum lyellii, Orthotrichum obtusifolium, Orthotrichum pallens, Orthotrichum patens, Orthotrichum stramineum, Orthotrichum striatum, Rhodobryum ontariense, Thamnobryum alopecurum, Tortella tortuosa, Tortula virescens. Diplophyllum albicans and Mnium thomsonii have their only extant occurrences in Hungary in the region.
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Literature reviews
132-133Views:1598Kulcsár L., Mesterházy A., Keszei B., Király G., Balogh L. (2022): Vas megye védett növényei. Szülőföld Könyvkiadó, Szombathely–Sárvár, 566 pp. ISBN 978-615-6172-39-6
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Floristic data from the Great Plain of Hungary (Alföld)
304–316Views:230In this study we report relevant occurrence data of 49 species and hybrids and their habitats from the Great Plain registered in the period between 2011 and 2017. Due to importance for nature conservation, we present additional data of further 13 species. Most of the data are originated from riverine oak-elm-ash forests of South East Hungary (from the region of Gyula, Békéscsaba, Doboz settlements). The most important result of our study is the rediscovery of Gagea minima and Dictamnus albus. Besides, we report new occurrence data for the Great Plain (Alföld), as well as for the flora of the microregions in questions (e.g. Draba muralis, Nicandra physalodes, Cystopteris fragilis) and also present the data of the regionally endangered species (e.g. Inula helenium, Ophioglossum vulgatum). Some rare weed taxa (e.g. Calepina irregularis, Cardamine impatiens), spreading adventive taxa (e.g. Chorispora tenella, Euphorbia maculata, Phytolacca americana, Ph. esculenta, Sicyos angulata) and in surveys rather underrepresented species (e.g. Loranthus europaeus, Arabis hirsuta, Rumex confertus) are reported too.
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Short communications
300-310Views:6161. New occurrence of Apium repens (Jacq.) Lagasca in Szigetköz region (NW Hungary)
2. Casual occurrences of Limonium gmelinii (Willd.) Kuntze subsp. hungaricum (Klokov) Soó in roadside verges
3.On the first sub-spontaneous occurrence of Asparagus verticillatus L. in Hungary
4. New occurrence data of Digitalis lanata Ehrh. in Kemence (Börzsöny Mts., N Hungary)
5. First report on the occurrence of Prospero paratheticum Speta from Danube–Tisza Interfluve (C Hungary)
6. Some interesting floristic data from Szigetköz (NW Hungary) after the great flooding of Danube in 2013
7. Newly discovered locality of the pellitory-of-the-wall (Parietaria judaica L.) in the city of Debrecen (E Hungary)
8. Kindbergia praelonga (Hedw.) Ochyra in the urban bryoflora of the town of Sopron (W Hungary)
9. Additional data to the distribution of Plantago coronopus L. in Hungary
10. On the formerly occurrence of Spiraea crenata L. in Kunpeszér (C Hungary)
11. History of discovery of Spiraea crenata L. on Mt Sas (Buda Mts., Hungary)
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Spreading along the railways: morphology and invasion success of Vulpia ciliata in Hungary
145–156Views:524Vulpia ciliata Dumort, a widespread species in the Mediterranean region, has been introduced in several European countries in recent decades, mainly along railways. The species was first discovered in Hungary at Szolnok railway station in May 2016, then a few days later at Keleti railway station in Budapest. In 2020 the species was found in several Transdanubian railway stations. Apparently, V. ciliata has recently been established in numerous parts of the country, probably spreading by railway transport. Until now, the species has only been found in the vicinity of regularly used tracks (in a distance of 20 m at the most). Being an invasive alien species, V. ciliata can displace the native Vulpia myuros in ruderal vegetation along railway lines. The species can easily be distinguished from V. myuros by its hairy lemma. Moreover, it flowers earlier than the other two indigenous species in Hungary, often already in late April. Based on the characteristics examined (number of nodes in the upper 2 cm zone of the rachis, number of fruits per spikelet, rate of fertile and sterile florets within the spikelet, lower and upper glume length, lemma and awn length separately, rachis width in the upper 2 cm zone) we have concluded that V. bromoides and V. myuros are less different from each other than V. ciliata from these two species. In the case of V. ciliata subsp. ciliata, we observed that spikelets (detached from the inflorescens) function as dispersal units. Therefore we assume that the observed low fertility rate within the spikelets, as well as the presence of marginal cilia on lemmas promote the spreading success of V. ciliata (spreading in clusters, anemochory, zoochory, anthropochory). Its early maturation (in May) can also facilitate its spread along railways, because the populations survive the chemical weed control usually carried out in late spring. The other two Hungarian species usually ripen later (in June). For the time being, the spread of V. ciliata outside the Hungarian railway network may be hindered by climatic conditions, or by the lack of seasonal weed control outside that network, which otherwise offers a relative survival advantage for V. ciliata along railway tracks.
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Current distribution of the potentially invasive narrow-leaved ragwort (Senecio inaequidens DC.) in Hungary
179-187Views:285Our study presents the actual status of potentially invasive Senecio inaequidens in Hungary. Literary and herbarium data are also discussed. We report some new data from ruderal places and near highways which are unmarked until now. The actualized distributional map of the species are given. We sign the potential habitat threats too.
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Short communications
159-164Views:2621. Occurrences and habitats of Oxytropis pilosa (L.) DC. near Kunbaracs village and on other grassland sites of Peszéradacs meadows (Kiskunság)
2. Acer acuminatilobum (J. Papp) J. Papp 1958 (Mátra-ancient maple) in Mátraalja
3. Occurrence of Euphorbia prostrata Aiton and Polycarpon tetraphyllum L. in West-Transdanubia (W Hungary)
4. Muscari tenuiflorum Tausch in Keszthely Mt (Hungary, Transdanubia)
5. Occurrence of Dasineura urticae (Perris, 1840) on Urtica kioviensis Rogow. in Hungary
6. New occurrences of Trifolium vesiculosum Savi in the Hortobágy region (E Hungary)
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New data to spreading of Plantago coronopus in Hungary
99-101Views:295In this study, new data of the naturalized roadside alien Plantago coronopus L. found in 2020 are listed. Numerous stands have been detected at sites far from previously known localities. These data show that P. coronopus is still in an intense phase of its spread. The species currently known from 90 flora mapping units in Hungary. Its new observations come from the narrow vegetation strip along roadsides, with the exception of the new data from Szombathely, which comes from the parking lot of a shopping center.
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Spreading of native Spergularia species along roadsides of Transdanubia (NW Hungary)
141-150Views:186During the systematic floristic research along Transdanubian roads (NW Hungary) since 2013, two native halophyte Spergularia species has been found. Due to the well known spreading near motorways in Eastern-Central Europe, the appearance of Spergularia marina along roads in north-western Hungary is not a surprise. Occurrences of the species were registered along fourteen main roads. Some of the stands are very rich where S. marina forms single-species lines along the asphalt edge. The spreading of Spergularia media along roads is yet much less intensive. Four stands were found near the motorways M1 and M7, main road 74, and the common section of the main road 86-87. Both species are native in the Hungarian plains, being specific elements of Pannonic alkali grassland associations, however, their secondary migration along road edges is promoted by road salting, intensive management of roads and increased vehicle traffic. In this paper, we specify secondary occurrences of the two Spergularia species, discuss their ecological and abiotic circumstances and publish corresponding distribution maps. Due to recognition problems in Spergularia, a corrected determination key was provided.
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Notes to the vascular flora of Sopron Mountains and its foreground
187–194Views:340Records of 26 vascular plant species from the territory of Sopron Mountains (16 species) and Sopron Basin (11 species) are presented. Our field works (between 2014 and 2020) focused on some localities at the eastern and southern parts of the region. Tetragonolobus maritimus is new for the Sopron Mts, whereas Ajuga chamaepithys and Lycopsis arvensis are new for the Hungarian part of the hills. Some protected plants like Agrostemma githago, Gentianopsis ciliata and Sesleria uliginosa were rediscovered in the region. Comments about all species and their local chorology are added. A remarkable degradation process of bogs around Harka village, caused mainly by insufficient water supply of meadows, was observed. The spread of occurrences of several naturalized weed such as Aegilops cylindrica, Galium parisiense, Geranium rotundifolium, Kochia scoparia, Lepidium virginicum, Oenothera salicifolia, Sagina apetala subsp. apetala and Verbascum lychnitis was noticed. The most surprising observations refer to Galium parisiense; the spread of the species by transport had no precedent in Hungary before.
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Short communications
106–111Views:2751. New localities of Fumana procumbens in the North Hungarian Mountains
2. Strong populations of dwarf heliotrope (Heliotropium supinum) at Pentezug Wild Horse Reserve (Hortobágy, Great Hungarian Plain)
3. New occurrences of Chamaecytisus rochelii on the Great Hungarian Plain
4. Spontaneous occurrences of Daphne laureola in urban parks
5. Occurrence of Lindernia procumbens and L. dubia in Budapest city (C Hungary)
6. Confirmation of occurrence of Moneses uniflora near Kőszeg town (W Hungary)
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Sándor Polgár and the research of the adventive flora of Hungary
188–197Views:138In the 20th century Sándor Polgár was one of the most outstanding researchers of adventive plant species in Hungary. He wrote nine publications in this theme. In the industrial environment of his home town Győr (NW Hungary) he found tropical species, most of them were southern-American origin. The richest alien flora came around the oil factories of the town. He reported 65 taxa new for the Hungarian flora, four of them were new for Europe too. He was a great expert of problematic Solanum, Amaranthus and Chenopodium genera.
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Data to the flora of Sopron Hills and its foreground
239-242Views:119The present study reports additional records to the flora of Sopron Hills and Sopron Basin. The records were collected during our field surveys between 2010 and 2014 and contain occurrence data of 19 vascular plant taxa. The genus Orobanche is represented by 5 species. Two taxa are new for the flora of Sopron Hills (Amaranthus blitoides, Orobanche teucrii), others are interesting because of their old or uncertain indication (e.g. Dianthus superbus, Myosotis sparsiflora, Orobanche lutea, Orobanche purpurea).
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Online distribution atlas of the Hungarian vascular flora (Atlas Florae Hungariae): Homepage structure and prospects of database building
238–252Views:514In December 2018 the online Distribution atlas of vascular plants of Hungary (Atlas Florae Hungariae) was published. The database was built from more than 1 million data records. It mainly contains data from the Hungarian Flora Mapping Programme, but herbarium and literature data were also processed. Maps of species richness illustrate the taxonomic diversity of biogeographical areas and shows the differences of survey quality. After the Flora Mapping Programme ended, between 2016 and 2019, additional data from scientific articles were processed. 25% of new data originated from the article series “Contributions to the Atlas Florae Hungariae” in the Kitaibelia journal, which significantly broadened the distribution of some species. Records of Mesophile forest species (e.g. Allium ursinum, Dryopteris dilatata) increased, as well as records of weed species (e.g. Euphorbia maculata, Senecio vernalis) which can be attributed to their natural spreading. The most important future tasks are to create a reviewed list of taxa and extend data records with an attribute table containing all additional information. Until now the database website is presented only in Hungarian (http://floraatlasz.uni-sopron.hu). Registration is available for anybody, after sending a request via e-mail (atlas.florae.hungariae@uni-sopron.hu). There are different options (excel file by e-mail or online web form) on how to upload floristic data for registered users. Data is only accepted if required information (name of taxa, date, data publisher, settlement, CEU code) is filled out. Each record of uploaded data is revised by the website administrator and taxa specialists. The English version of the webpage will be available in the near future.
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Dr. Sándor Polgár was born 140 years ago
169–184Views:157Dr. Sándor Polgár was the most outstanding botanist of Győr county (NW Hungary). He provided important results in floristic studies, phytogeography, taxonomy and in the research of alien plants. „Győr megye flórája” („Flora of Győr county”), published in 1941, was one of the most important monography in his period. He is the author of the rare, hybridogenous species Ornithogalum ×degenianum, known only from Hungary. His private herbarium was one of the biggest in Hungary with more than 20,000 specimens. As a teacher he taught geography and nature studies in his home town Győr between 1900 and 1935. Because of his Jewish origin, he was a victim of the holocaust in 1944.
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New data to the flora of Pannonhalma Hills
67-73Views:141The present study reports occurrence data of 26 vascular plant taxa, collected in Pannonhalma Hills, including sush species as Epipactis palustris, Ophioglossum vulgatum, Ornithogalum × degenianum and Ornithogalum sphaerocarpum. Phlomis tuberosa was re-discovered 150 years after the first found. Some new localities of Ophrys sphegodes and Ophrys apifera are reviewed. After the enumeration of localities, chorological and geobotanical remarks and population dinamical comments are also presented.In the article we commemorate the benedictine votaries Flóris Rómer and Valér Ballay, who were the starters of botanical reveal of the flora of Pannonhalma Hills.