In this paper, we report our floristic observations collected from gravel pits in the Sajó–Hernád Plain (Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén county, Northeast Hungary). We present a total of 101 occurrence data from 13 pits, belonging to 45 vascular plant species and one hybrid. Most of the observations come from abandoned mines, but we also describe occurrences from actively mined areas. Ten of the presented species are new to the flora of the micro-region (Cyperus flavescens, Dysphania botrys, Helminthotheca echioides, Hippophae rhamnoides, Panicum dichotomiflorum, Ranunculus circinatus, Solanum lycopersicum, Spergularia rubra, Thymelaea passerina, Zannichellia palustris). Some of the species listed in the enumeration are taxa for which data are scarce even at the national level (e.g., Bolboschoenus laticarpus, B. planiculmis, Utricularia ×neglecta). We report some recent occurrences of invasive alien species (Erechtites hieraciifolia, Symphyotrichum ciliatum, S. novi-belgii), we provide data on common or sporadic aquatic plant species for which available data are scarce (Ceratophyllum demersum, Myriophyllum spicatum, Nuphar lutea, Potamogeton spp.), and we describe some new localities of species for which previous data – concerning the micro-region – came exclusively from gravel pits (e.g., Carex secalina, Cyperus glomeratus, Gnaphalium luteoalbum, Najas minor, Typha laxmannii). We discuss our results in the concluding section of the paper, taking into account previous floristic data as well.

Data on the distribution of the Pannonian endemic black hawthorn (Crataegus nigra Waldst. et Kit.) have been partly incorrect or uncertain. Older publications contain several confusions involving this species, the morphologically similar Crataegus pentagyna, and Crataegus ×degenii (C. nigra × C. monogyna). In this study, we review and evaluate records reported in the relevant literature as well as herbarium specimens. Current occurrences and population sizes were investigated through field surveys. We delineate the currently known distribution range of the species, which is restricted to the floodplain of the Danube between Budapest and the Iron Gate Gorge (Vaskapu), as well as to the vicinity of the mouths of the two major tributaries of the Danube, the Drava and the Sava. At present, the species is rare north of Gemenc and south of the mouth of the Tisza, and is probably extinct in the Belgrade region. Large populations occur in the Gemenc area (Hungary), the Kopački Rit–Apatin region (Croatia/Serbia), and the Kovilj–Gardinovci area (Serbia). The species is rapidly declining north of Gemenc owing to the desiccation of its habitats, hybridization with Crataegus monogyna, and the wide­spread invasion of alien plant species. Its conservation status in this region should be considered Criti­cally Endangered, whereas elsewhere it is more appropriately classified as Endangered.

Following the taxonomy of Trávníček et al. (2009), the identities of the known (sub)spontaneous populations of Scilla bifolia complex in the hilly regions of Budapest and adjacent territories (Buda Mts, Érd–Tétény Highland, Pilis Mts, Börzsöny Mts) are revised. Historical aspects and former taxonomic treatments of the populations are surveyed and commented. Compared with the account of Scilla presented in Takács et al. (2025) our revision has yielded partly different results. All former records of S. vindobonensis from the Pilis Mts and the central part of Börzsöny Mts are erroneous, and actually refer to S. bifolia (incl. S. buekkensis). However, in congruence with former records, the populations of the Buda Mts, Érd–Tétény Highland and the southern part of Börzsöny Mts belong to S. vindobonensis. Some statements in a few Hungarian papers, especially referring to alleged diagnostic characters of squill taxa, are disputed. Those traits, however, found by us helpful in distinguishing between S. vindobonensis and S. bifolia (incl. S. buekkensis) are emphasized.

We report on the first records of Punctelia borreri (Sm.) Krog from Hungary. The species was found in the Transdanubian Mountains during field surveys targeting Punctelia taxa. Based on the first two localities, we conducted a systematic survey in the mid-mountain ranges of the country, which confirmed the species’ presence at five sites in the Bakony Mountains, two in the Balaton Uplands, and one in the Vértes Mountains. The occurrences were found in microhabitats with unique microclimatic conditions (the canopy of ravine forests, sub-Mediterranean oak forests).  While P. borreri is expanding its range in Western Europe under highly favourable oceanic climatic conditions, it remains a rare, specialist element in Hungary. Consequently, these occurrences are inferred to be near the margins of the species' distribution range.