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Data on the occurrence of alien plants in Western Transdanubia (Hungary)
185–188Views:2124In his publication the author provides data on the occurrence of 11 alien species in Western Transdanubia. Three of these species (Euphorbia maculata, Euphorbia peplus, Muscari armeniacum) were observed to have spread rapidly in the past decade. It can be concluded that 4 species (Artemisia annua, Crocus banaticus, Polycarpon tetraphyllum, Veronica filiformis) have reached a state which is close to naturalization, while the other reported species (Euphorbia lathyris, Senecio inaequidens, Silybum marianum, Veronica peregrina) are casual in this region at present.
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Short communications
159-164Views:9891. Occurrences and habitats of Oxytropis pilosa (L.) DC. near Kunbaracs village and on other grassland sites of Peszéradacs meadows (Kiskunság)
2. Acer acuminatilobum (J. Papp) J. Papp 1958 (Mátra-ancient maple) in Mátraalja
3. Occurrence of Euphorbia prostrata Aiton and Polycarpon tetraphyllum L. in West-Transdanubia (W Hungary)
4. Muscari tenuiflorum Tausch in Keszthely Mt (Hungary, Transdanubia)
5. Occurrence of Dasineura urticae (Perris, 1840) on Urtica kioviensis Rogow. in Hungary
6. New occurrences of Trifolium vesiculosum Savi in the Hortobágy region (E Hungary)
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Distribution and infection rate of (Viscum album subsp. austriacum) in Hungary
89-102Views:465Based on the data collected between 2015 and 2023, we present a detailed account of the occurrences and current distribution of Viscum album subsp. austriacum in Hungary. We present its frequency and abundance, and also examine the factors influencing its distribution and prevalence. The taxon is generally widespread in the western half of Western Transdanubia, where it is a characteristic (and partially native) element of the mixed pine forests of the Vendvidék, Felső-Őrség, Kőszeg Hills, and the Pinka Plain. Its occurrence has been confirmed in almost all (older) Scots pine and black pine stands of the Sopron Hills, where it has become a mass pest in several locations. Based on our studies, the current distribution of the taxon in Southwestern Transdanubia follows the border of the native distribution of Scots pine, but in the Kemeneshát and the Sopron–Vas Plain, the regional boundary extends 10–25 km beyond it. The frequency of pine mistletoe within the subcompartments was highest in mixed coniferous stands. We also recorded a mass infection that played a significant role in the degradation of the stands. The notable increase in the number of occurrences can be explained by the significant under-mapping of the taxon to date, as well as its documented spread throughout Europe. It is also assumed to be linked to the increasingly unfavorable health status of coniferous forests in Hungary. This process may be facilitated by the fact that the resistance of Scots pine forests in both hilly and lowland regions has significantly declined due to the increasing length and frequency of drought periods. Compared to previous years, forest stands in weakened condition are more susceptible to infections by pathogenic organisms, such as mistletoe.
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Leucojum vernum at the Súri-Bakonyalja and overview of its distribution in the Bakony Region
242-246Views:664In Hungary Leucojum vernum is considered a plant species of montane character, distributed predominantly in Transdanubia. Apart from some isolated localities (Zalaszántó Basin Mts, Tapolca Basin), the occurrences of the species are mainly confined to the region “Magas Bakony” and its periphery within the Hungarian Middle Mts. In the spring of 2020 a large population was discovered by the author in the region “Súri-Bakonyalja”, which significantly expands the known local distribution range of the species. The new population, together with other phytogeographically significant species (e.g. Anemone nemorosa, Corydalis intermedia, Veratrum album), was found in a poorly explored valley system (Kisbér village: Báró-erdő). Based on all literature and herbarium records, the local distribution range of L. vernum is surveyed.
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Data to the flora and vegetation of Hungary II.
104–113Views:418We report the occurrence data of 45 vascular plant taxa collected at various localities in Hungary (Duna–Tisza Interfluve, Tiszántúl and South Transdanubia) during floristic, vegetation and ecological field surveys mostly between 2013 and 2016. Many of these plants are included in the ’Red list of the vascular flora of Hungary’ (e.g. Astragalus dasyanthus, Erodium ciconium and Lotus angustissimus). We primarily focused on the occurrence of rare plants (e.g. Apium repens, Epipactis bugacensis and Trifolium strictum), plants that appeared in unexpected places (e.g. Medicago arabica, Polypodium vulgare and Polystichum setiferum) or have a phyto-geographic importance (e.g. Piptatherum virescens, Ranunculus psilostachys and Tamus communis).
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Some floristic data from surroundings of Kötcse (South Transdanubia, West Outer Somogy)
74-80Views:379There are very few published and documented floristic data from the hills of the SW region of Hungary called 'Outer Somogy'. This paper present the occurrence data of 31 vascular plant species from the western part of this region. Among them 14 taxa are legally protected and further 17 taxa are sporadically occurring. The records were collected within the administrative area of villages Karád, Kereki, Kötcse, Nagycsepely, Szólád (Nezde) and Teleki. Most data were recorded in 2014. This is the first report on the occurrence of 1) Neotinea ustulata subsp. aestivalis in South Transdanubia, and 2) Epipactis microphylla and E. tallosii in Outer Somogy. Data provided on the occurrence of Cirsium boujartii on the northwestern border of the distribution area of this insufficiently known species.
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Multiclavula mucida (Basidiomycota) and other cryptogamic taxa in the Hungarian flora
173–184Views:970The paper deals with the species found during cryptogamic flora mapping in 2023 that are remarkable from a floristic, taxonomic or conservational point of view. We present data from the Bükk Mts of two Trapeliopsis species which appear to be rare in Hungary. Multiclavula mucida, which is apparently a rare basidiomycete lichen species in Europe that prefers humid, montane habitats was discovered in the Mecsek Mts as a new species for the Hungarian flora. Of the knothole moss, Anacamptodon splachnoides, which is now thought to be entomophilic, we communicate the only extant population from Southern Transdanubia. We report the first occurrence of the atlantic-mediterranean Leptodon smithii from the Hungarian side of the Great Hungarian Plain. Numerous data of the corticole Neckera pennata indicate that in Hungary the distributional centre of this species is situated in the county of Baranya in the lowlands. New data from the Bükk Mts underline that in the Pannonian region Buxbaumia viridis is primarily a terricole species of acidophilous beech forests. We communicate the first occurrence from the lowlands of the alien lignicolous Sematophyllum adnatum which is dangerously spreading in Europe, at the same time one of the most vigorous populations in the Pannonian region. The third Hungarian occurrence of Callicladium haldanianum, a species that seems to spread in bogs, as well as the second occurrence of Racomitrium lanuginosum, growing abundantly on an andesite boulder scree in Mátra Mts, are also reported here. Of Phegopteris connectilis we present in photographic documentation the first extant population from Southern Transdanubia, and we discuss whether the first publication from Mecsek Mts is correct or exact. In addition to listing the floristic data, we also briefly discuss the (mis)use of distribution data in the context of climate change, the difficulties of distinguishing the microtaxa of some pteridophytes, e.g. Asplenium adiantum-nigrum agg. and Dryopteris affinis agg., and we correct one of our previously published, erroneous Hedwigia stellata data. Some interesting data of other taxa (such as Leucobryum glaucum, Palustriella commutata, Tetraphis pellucida, Gymnocarpium robertianum, Ophioglossum vulgatum) are also mentioned in the paper.
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Data to the flora and vegetation of Hungary III.
197-206Views:397We report the occurrence data of 44 vascular plant taxa collected at various localities in Hungary (mainly the Danube–Tisza Interfluve and South Transdanubia) during floristic, vegetation and ecological field surveys between 2016 and 2018. Of the species in the present article, 27 are protected or strictly protected. In the paper we focused on plants that are rare regionally (e.g. Botrychium lunaria, Polystichum aculeatum) or in the whole country (e.g. Ophrys oestrifera, Ranunculus psilostachys), as well as on plants that occurred in unusual habitats (e.g. Corydalis solida). We also included new localities of weedy species, some of which (e.g. Opuntia humifusa, Sporobolus cryptandrus) may present nature conservation threats.
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Data on native plant species of the Pannonian Region III. (23–25)
101–111Views:135In the third part of the article series providing data on the knowledge of native plant species in the Pannonian Ecoregion, we present new localities for Anchusa ochroleuca, Carpesium abrotanoides, Leucanthemella serotina, and Carex fritschii.
- Anchusa ochroleuca was known only from one place in Hungary in the last decades. In the spring of 2025, approximately 400 individuals of Anchusa ochroleuca were found near to Rád, in the Kosd Hills region. Its habitat is typic, individuals were found in an opened, slopey loess grassland (Salvinio nemorosae-Festucetum rupicolae). However, great part of the habitat is perturbated, other rare steppe-meadow species were found parallelly with an almost complete absence of forest-steppe species and species with a border-related character. Habitat of Anchusa ochroleuca is endangered mostly by perturbation of nutrients came from adjacent arable field and populations of wild boar and deer species, but also by plant invasions and spreading of shrubs.
- Carpesium abrotanoides was previously known in Hungary only from Southern Transdanubia and the southern part of the Danube–Tisza Interfluve. A population of the species consisting of several hundred individuals was discovered in the fen-woods around Ócsa, followed by the detection of a second, smaller population nearby in 2025. The populations occur in young and middle-aged fen-woods, where abrotanoides appeared on the drying peat surface along with disturbance-tolerant, short-lived plants. Similarly, two small populations of Leucanthemella serotina were found in the fen woodland habitat complex of Ócsa. Decades ago, populations of this species were recorded here, but its occurrence has not been assessed since then.
- In Hungary, Carex fritschii was previously known only from Transdanubia. In 2012 and 2022, the species was discovered in the Central Ipoly Valley, far from its known national distribution limit. We describe the sand steppe meadows of unique composition and their vegetation mosaics, and list new floristic data from them. We also describe the most important factors relating vegetation and land use history in the background of Carex fritschii The most significant floristic findings are Agrimonia procera, Danthonia alpina, Festuca rubra, Hypochoeris maculata, Potentilla alba, Ranunculus illyricus, Scorzonera purpurea, Thesium ramosum and Viola ambigua.
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Current research results and overview of historic data of Cirsium brachycephalum Jur. in Tolna county, SW-Hungary
75-79Views:259The distribution of the thistle species Cirsium brachycephalum in Tolna county was studied as a part of the Hungarian National Biodiversity Monitoring System. Occurrence data of this endemic species of community importance having been listed as protected since 1993 were scarcely available for Tolna county. In addition to our most recent survey, this paper also provides an analysis of former literature data, and calls the attention that there is a possibility for revealing further valuable botanical information in the less surveyed areas of Tolna county.
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Contributions to the Atlas Florae Hungariae IV.
358-382Views:401The paper lists supplementary data to the recently published Atlas Florae Hungariae, mostly from various parts of Transdanubia and the Great Plain. The list includes 72 plant species with at least one new station not shown on their grid-based range map. Certain data confirm old records, whereas some others correct erroneous distribution data. The actual habitats where the plants occur are characterized by their corresponding ÁNÉR codes.
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Contributions to the subspontaneous occurrences of Malva moschata (Malvaceae) in Hungary
200–202Views:464Malva moschata is an alien species in Hungary, seldom cultivated as garden ornamental plant. Although considered as occasional escapee from cultivation, Hungarian literature has only cited Budapest as an example of such cases thus far. During a revision of the Malva collection in BP herbarium, several specimens were traced (mostly erroneously labelled as Malva alcea) which demonstrate subspontaneous occurrences of the species, primarily from the Transdanubian region (Hungary). The vouchers are hereby listed, arranged in alphabetical order of localities (settlements). Literary connections, if relevant, are briefly discussed.
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Data on the weed flora in the Transdanubian Region of Hungary
45–59Views:166This paper reports floristic data collected between 2013 and 2025 on the occurrences of 45 weed species (including 13 red-listed species) in Transdanubia (Western Hungary). Most of the data originate from phacelia and annual legume crop fields. The article mainly focuses on rare arable weeds (e.g., Adonis flammea, Agrostemma githago, Bifora radians, Galium tricornutum, Herniaria hirsuta, Misopates orontium, Neslia paniculata, Nicandra physalodes, Papaver argemone, Scandix pecten-veneris, Thesium dollineri); however, current information about the spread of certain weed species (e.g., Erigeron bonariensis, Lepidium densiflorum, Plantago coronopus, Torilis nodosa) is also documented. One of the most remarkable findings is the occurrence of Medicago polymorpha in 15 Persian clover fields in the Little Hungarian Plain.
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A new alien species to the Hungarian flora: Polypogon viridis (Gouan) Breistr.
165–172Views:381Polypogon viridis (Gouan) Bresitr., a new alien species to the Hungarian flora, was detected between the years 2016–2019. Water bent (P. viridis), originating from the Mediterranean basin, was recorded from several plant nurseries and outdoor flowerpots in Transdanubia, Hungary. The new Hungarian records fit into the observed phenomenon that ornamental plant trade is an important factor in the spread of this species. Morphological characterization and insertion of P. viridis into the Hungarian identification key are also provided in this paper. Since P. viridis was represented in large numbers at some of the Hungarian localities, future monitoring of its spread may be important to evaluate the invasiveness of the species in the country.
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New occurrence of Caldesia parnassifolia (L.) Parl. in Hungary
50-55Views:381Caldesia parnassifolia is a critically endangered and strictly protected species in Hungary. It was known only from one locality of occurrence so far, where it was last reported in 2003. Its new occurrence was discovered in Somogy county, in 2010. It appeared in an artificial pond created in the place of an originally swampy depression. Based on this newly discovered occurrence we can assume that other potential populations might still exist in South-Transdanubium, which could be rediscovered if similar conservation measures occur.
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Contributions to the flora of Baranya and Tolna counties III.
39-50Views:323During the last four years (2014–2017) that have passed since my last publication, I have been collecting 25 000 new floristic data for the territory of the Danube–Drava National Park. The most valuable and interesting records of 116 taxa are presented here, e.g. those of the strictly protected Digitalis ferruginea and Paeonia banatica, and the protected species Polystichum lonchitis, Dryopteris affinis, Doronicum orientale, Helleborus dumetorum, Corydalis intermedia, Spiraea media, Veratrum nigrum. New records of not protected but rare species, such as Lycopsis arvensis, Silene dichotoma, Teucrium botrys, Thladiantha dubia, Vicia lutea, Hypochoeris radicata are also enumerated. Some curiosities are mentioned as well, including the sizes of the biggest (and probably the oldest) Crataegus monogyna, Hedera helix, Ruscus hypoglossum and Ruscus aculeatus individuals that were found during my field work.
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Rediscovery of Orchis mascula subsp. signifera (Vest) Soó in the Keszthely Mts (Transdanubia, Hungary)
51–54Views:324Orchis mascula subsp. signifera is a rare, legally protected and endangered species of the Hungarian flora. Currently it is recorded from 25 flora mapping grid cell in Hungary. The westernmost Hungarian occurrence of the species was documented by a voucher collected by Dénes Gotthárd in 1976. After four decades the occurrence of O. mascula in the Keszthely Mts was confirmed in 2015. The local habitat preference and major threats to the taxon are briefly discussed.
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New species and changes in the bryophyte flora of the Mecsek valleys (Hungary)
157–176Views:362The paper discusses the bryophyte flora of 77 sites in the Mecsek Mountains, mainly in deeper valleys. It includes species that are new to the area’s flora and/or endangered in Hungary, as well as mosses that have become more widespread or locally abundant compared to data from 1968 and 1983. The names of the locations, their geographical centers (centroids), and the grid unit IDs of the Hungarian Flora Mapping Programme (HFMP), where the sites are located, are listed and referenced according to their number in the list. Some of the species are national rarities, such as Scleropodium touretii, newly recorded in the Mecsek in 2023. Its second known occurrence in Hungary is reported in the Enumeration. We detail the occurrences of several species new to South Transdanubia, including Dicranum spurium, Diplophyllum albicans, Hypnum jutlandicum, Isothecium myosuroides, Kindbergia praelonga, Rhynchostegiella curviseta, Riccardia palmata, and Sciuro-hypnum plumosum. Additionally, species newly recorded from the Mecsek Mountains include Fontinalis antipyretica, Leptodon smithii, Plagiomnium ellipticum, Pseudocampylium radicale, and Tortula brevissima. For two taxa, we present data of importance not only for the Mecsek, but also for the North-Hungarian Mts: Riccardia palmata, new for the Tornai-karszt, and Dicranum spurium, for which we confirm a very old record in the Zemplén Mts. We also note the widespread, sometimes massive occurrence of some aquatic and subaquatic mosses, e.g. Rhynchostegiella teneriffae, Hygrohypnum luridum, which have been recorded only once in the mountains in the last 50 years. The taxonomically uncertain Hygroamblystegium fluviatile with similar habitat requirements can now be found widely throughout the mountains. New populations of Palustriella commutata, considered endangered and declining in the country, have been found in the Mecsek. The expansion of (sub-)aquatic species is particularly surprising in the light of recent hydroecological studies indicating that the streams in the Mecsek are drying up. The situation is similar regarding Rhynchostegium rotundifolium, previously thought to be a Tilio-Acerion (slope and ravine forest) species, which is legally protected in Hungary and only had one record from the Mecsek in the last century. This forest species is now found in peri-urban, sub-urban, slightly to moderately disturbed and secondary habitats throughout the mountains. Similar to its preference in Germany, outside of semi-natural habitats it occurs mainly on built structures in forest edges, ruins, abandoned mine sites, often in stands mixed with black locust and contaminated with litter. Microeurhynchium pumilum, which prefers sub-Mediterranean and sub-Atlantic climate, shady and humid habitats, has become one of the most widespread and abundant forest bryophytes in the Mecsek, in contrast to its few records 60 years ago. Half (50%) of the new mosses in the flora of the Mecsek can be connected to the cooler boreal biome, while 21% is associated with the milder Mediterranean-Atlantic biome. The average of MAT (mean annual daily mean air temperatures averaged over one year) and MAP (accumulated precipitation amount over one year) of the 14 new species according to BET (Bryophytes of Europe Traits) indicates areas with much lower temperatures (7.7°C) than in Hungary, but with precipitation conditions (749 mm) similar to those in the Mecsek. The vast majority of the new species are extremely rare in Hungary, and are inconsistent with current climate warming trends. In contrast to the mosses with striking increase in records, the detection of new species is likely due to chance, in addition to systematic research at finer spatial scales, rather than to local expansion of the species. However, in the case of expanding and abundant species, it is still an open question whether their dynamics compared to 40-60 year old references are apparent or real: the result of sampling bias in previous surveys or a consequence of climate change. In any case, the abundance of the above mentioned bryophytes in the Mecsek is not consistent with their current Hungarian Red List threat classification, and this cannot be attributed to changes in definitions since 2010. The detected distribution and abundance, as well as the increase in the number of new species in the country within a decade, highlights the need for an updated Red List of Hungarian bryophytes.
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Interesting moss and liverwort records from the Western Mecsek Mts (South Transdanubia, Hungary)
29-38Views:343During an extensive field work in the acidophilous forests and fens of the Western Mecsek Mts. current localities of several species, which haven’t been recognised here for 50 years, were revealed (e.g. Bazzania trilobata, Diphyscium foliosum, Scapania nemorea). The authors also found some new stands of regionally and/or locally rare taxa (e.g. Buxbaumia aphylla, Dicranum tauricum, Jamesoniella autumnalis, Lepidozia reptans, Sphagnum squarrosum) as well as species new to the moss flora of the Mecsek Mts. (e.g. Aulacomnium androgynum, A. palustre, Calliergon cordifolium, Hedwigia stellata). Both investigated habitat types were found to be infected by invasive moss (Campylopus introflexus) and liverwort (Riccia rhenana) species. It is noteworthy that most of the species were found in winter or at the beginning of spring, when most vascular plants are inactive and their coverage is negligible. In this period moss and liverwort taxa are active, and are therefore easily noticeable. The authors raise the possibility that the expansion of Dicranum tauricum in Hungary is a consequence of former coniferous (especially Pinus spp.) plantations, since the old, dead trunks of pine species can serve as stepping stones to colonization for this taxon.
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Floristic data from Lengyel–Hőgyész Natura 2000 site (SW Hungary)
31–38Views:316This paper presents occurrence data of 169 taxa from the Lengyel–Hőgyész Natura 2000 site (HUDD20026) which is on the southern part of Tolna Hills, SW Hungary. Data were collected during three years (2015, 2016, 2017), on different sites annually. The presented data contribute to the distribution dataset of Atlas florae Hungariae. Regionally rare or sporadic species (e.g. Asplenium scolopendrium, Asplenium trichomanes, Polystichum setiferum, Doronicum hungaricum, Paris quadrifolia, Scilla vindobonensis) are enumerated. Presence of Epipactis leptochila subsp. neglecta and Platanthera chlorantha were not registered from this site before. Subspecies of Carex divulsa are also studied on this site – distribution of these infraspecific taxa have not been mapped recently in Hungary.
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The flora of the Sárvíz plain (Mezőföld, Hungary)
207–226Views:521In this paper, I present chorological data on the plants growing on the alluvial plain of the Sárvíz river in eastern Transdanubia, Hungary. Species characteristic of reed and sedge marshes, salt lakes and alkali flats, as well as remnants of hardwood forests and mesoxeric grasslands are listed in the enumeration. Since 2004, I have confirmed the occurrence of 50 species previously not recorded in the study area. Here, I report the species names, followed by data on the locality: the name of the township, the geographical name of the locality, and the code(s) of both grid systems, the Central European Flora Mapping System (CEU) and the UTM. Sites where I observed or collected the species after 2004 are in bold. Names of species new to the study area are underlined.
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Some floristic data from surroundings of Kötcse II. (West Outer Somogy, South Transdanubia, Hungary)
114-121Views:333Floristic data of 73 species from NE part of West Outer Somogy are provided in the paper. Most of them were collected in 2016. The paper contains distribution data of species, which have not been detected in Outer Somogy so far (e.g. Peucedanum arenarium), and new occurrences of rare or sporadic taxa (e.g. Menyanthes trifoliata, Veronica scardica), as well as subspontaneous occurrences of cultivated species (e.g. Narcissus poëticus, Helleborus purpurascens) are provided.
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Short communications
365-370Views:6611. Occurrence of Apium repens (Jacq.) Lagasca in Budapest (Hungary)
2. Occurrence of Riccia glauca L. and Riccia sorocarpa Bisch. in town of Barcs
3. Occurrence of Allium victorialis L. in Gorge Vargyas (Cheile Vârghişului, Central Romania)
4. Huperzia selago (L.) Bernh. on the plateau of Bükk Mts. (NE Hungary) and other floristic records
5. Campylopus pyriformis (Schultz) Brid. in the Western Mecsek Mts. (South Transdanubia, Hungary)
6. Current occurrence of Echinops ruthenicus (Fisch.) M.Bieb. in Sződliget (northern central Hungary)
7. The occurrence of Artemisia alba Turra in Kalotaszeg region (Cluj county) of Romania, and comments on Molnár et al. (2014)
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Contribution to the distribution of Epipactis species in the Keszthely Mts
8-14Views:256In this paper I present occurrence data of Epipactis species in the Keszthely Mts which were collected during the last four years. Ten species had literary or herbarium data from the area previously, all of them has been confirmed (Epipactis atrorubens, E. helleborine, E. leptochila, E. microphylla, E. moravica, E. muelleri, E. palustris, E. purpurata, E. nordeniorum, E. voethii) and another five species (Epipactis albensis, E. neglecta, E. peitzii, E. pontica, E. tallosii) furthermore a hybrid (Epipactis ×reinekei) were found newly on the area.
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Occurrences of the memebers of Callitriche brutia complex (C. hamulata, C. brutia subsp. brutia and subsp. naftolskyi) in Hungary
77–88Views:718This article summarizes the recent occurrences of taxa of the C. brutia complex in Hungary. Formerly, C. hamulata was known from Hungary based on a specimen of uncertain origin from Vas County. The first confirmed record of the species date back to 2014, since then it has been found from from a total of 4 localities in streams in Western Transdanubia and along the Danube. The first detection of C. brutia subsp. brutia was in 2016 in the Kunkápolnás marsh of the Hortobágy region, and since then the subspecies has been spreading in the area. The subsp. naftolsky was found in 2024 in a terrestrial form in a saltwater marsh in the Dél-Tiszántúl region. While C. hamulata is probably a native member of the Hungarian flora, the two subspecies of C. brutia may have colonised more recently, probably introduced by birds. Their colonisation may be related to the ongoing climate change, which has resulted in the introduction of plants from the Mediterranean region, often by natural means.