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• The formation and development of employment law in the context of socio-economic processes

  63-88

  Tamas Prugberger

  Views:

  381

  The study explores the formation and development of the institutional system of employment law, in connection with socio-economic demands and economic, technical and technological developments. It demonstrates what factors play a role in the fact that the vast majority of companies, and the paternalistic working relationships that form within them, have been replaced by the patterns of big business and big business hierarchical culture. The study shows how the characteristic employment law framework of classical capitalism, which was emplyer-friendly and placed anti-social pressure on the interests of the employee, gave way to the philosophy of the social market and was influenced by the employee-friendly concepts of the welfare state. The article further analyses those social factors which in today's employment law system have once again started to subordinate the interests of the employee to those of the employer.

• A munkaerő-piaci intézmények hatásai a foglalkoztatásra szektorális megközelítésben

  27-41

  Domician Mate

  Views:

  133

  Recently, there have been serious debates attempting to explain the role of institutions and their interactions as they might influence the impact of economic growth on employment. However, essentially no clear theoretical consensus has yet emerged and several unanswered problems remain. From this point of view, one interesting question is how institutions matter, and also what kind of characteristics they should have in economies. In our estimations ws followed a sectoral approach to identify the main features of institutions. In order to demonstrate short and lon run economic processes we use an error-correction method to analyze how certain intitutions and their interactions determine employment growth in different market-and non-market oriented branches. All in all, we demonstrate that unions, minimum wages and unemployment benefits have influenced employment in different ways.

  JEL classification: J21, J45, E02.

• Analysis of labor market in Northern Hungary

  84-102

  Katalin Liptak

  Views:

  223

  The aim of the paper is to reveal the main causes of unemployment and understand the labor market situation in Northern Hungary, as well as quantify and evaluate the changes in the employment structure. The main concern is about the changes in the number of registered job-seekers in Hungary and in particular, in the North Hungarian region. The author uses several tools to investigate this issue, such as shift-share analysis, linear regression, Lilien-index and Beveridge-curve. The Lilien-index suggests that in Northern Hungary the flow of sectoral labor force has exerted less and less influential power on employment since the transition. Job vacancies and the high number of unemployed do not meet in Northern Hungary; the reason for that is the inadequate qualification level of the unemployed. The labor market position of the North Hungarian region is determined by the specific socio-economic situation resulting from the transition, so it will be useful the regionally differentiated employment policy in Hungary.

  Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) codes: J21, R23

• Agricultural employment in Hungary and the North-Great Plain region

  Tunde Csapone Risko

  Views:

  122

  The transition deeply effected the economical sectors of Hungary. The role of agriculture within the economy reduced, its contribution to the GDP is now less than 4%. These developments caused considerable changes within the structure of employment in agriculture, a process which corresponds to EU trends. The North-Great Plain Region is situated in the northe-east part of Hungary and can be considered a typical agricultural area. In this region the GDP per capita has been one of the lowest in Hungary for several years. The reasons for this are as follows: the dominant role of agriculture in comparison with other sectors of the economy, the low profitability of agricultural production and related activities and the high ratio of less developed areas within the region. Agriculture plays an important role in this region because it provides workplaces for local people, reducing their migration into big towns and contirbutes to the rural development of the region.

• The role of franchise as a governance form in the economy

  59-83

  Anett Flaskar

  Views:

  169

  Today franchise is becoming an increasingly common form of governance. Its popularity can be explained by the fact that a company can quickly expand and develop with the help of this business model. The franchise system affects the whole economy positively because it creates jobs and contributes to GDP. The paper is concerned with analyzing the role of franchise networks in the US economy which is considered to be the home of franchise, and also in European economy. Surveys, published by the International Franchise Association and the European Franchise Federation, provide information about the number of units, employment, payroll, the value of economic output and contributions of franchised networks to GDP. These data indicate that the franchise sector is playing a more and more important role in the economy, outperform other sectors, and considered to be the main engine of employment and economic growth.

  Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) codes: D22, L14

• Exploring the awareness of platform-based, demand-driven businesses in Hungary and Romania

  73-100

  Tünde Zita Kovács

  Views:

  4

  Platform-based, demand-driven business models, known as the sharing economy, emerged in the United States in 2008. Their emergence has been made possible by digital development, and their impact can be seen in both economic and social life, in the globalised nature of cooperation models. Since 2016, the European Commission has conducted three surveys on using the sharing economy in the EU Member States. Based on the 2018 survey, this study analyses Hungary's and Romania's relationship with the sharing economy. The survey results show that awareness of the SE is increasing, especially on the consumer side. However, a decreasing trend is observed on the service side. Demographic factors (age, gender, employment status) significantly influence the willingness to provide and use services. Respondents in the two countries are not homogeneous and have different perceptions of the opportunities and threats of the sharing economy.

• International Higher Education League Tables – why are the best so good?

  127-142

  Zsuzsanna Kiss

  Views:

  108

  The study provides a comparative analysis of international higher education rankings. The article aims to analyze the role and performance of universities in today’s knowledge economy in transforming employment conditions. This paper aims to add an overview of the methodology of the global academic rankings, showing the benefits and difficulties of the creation of league tables and makes a proposal to improve the distortions. It gives a detailed empirical analysis of the countries’ results based on a comparison of three rankings. Hypothesis: the performance of countries with an English native language is better because of the particularities arising from the methodology, since the results obtained from research databases involved in measurements are primarily English-language publications and their citations, and furthermore the majority of the most prestigious journals appear in English.

  Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) code: I21, P52

• Adatbányászat üzleti szemmel (I. rész)

  Attila Harmati

  Views:

  95

  Organizations in the 21st century - whether they are profitoriented or not, in private ownership or state-owned - can increase their efficiency with an outstanding tool. This tool is data mining. This article first of all defines and presents data mining, and locates it in the process of 'Knowledge Discovery in Databases'. Following this we review the fields of employment of data mining and the basic methods employed. In particular we discuss the method of classification and the theoretical background of the main techniques, such as decision trees, neural networks and logistic regression models. The second part of this paper presents the real world application of this technology by way of an analysis of a real database.

  Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) classification: C25, C44, C45, C49

• Research of competence expectations in the labour market

  75-107

  Tunde Tothne Teglas

  Erika Hledik

  Views:

  753

  Company surveys and labor market prognoses point out that changes in the labor market significantly reshape the employers’ competence expectations
  towards employees. Experts predict an expansion and significant rearrangement of competence expectations. At the same time, employees may experience very different expectations during the application process. Certain employers have high expectations, while in other companies these new high expectations are not perceived. Based on the results of our qualitive research examining the competence requirements towards fresh graduates, we seek to find out how domestic companies react to change when formulating their requirements towards their employees. In the light of the forecasts, we examine which competences are the ones where employers think of new and expanding content. In our work, competences as dynamic variables are examined in the interaction between the demand side and the supply side, that is, the interaction between the employers’ competence needs necessary for their operation and their experience regarding the preparedness of the fresh graduates.

  Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) codes: J23, J24, J53

• The equilibrium problems of the Hungarian economy and the theoretic possibility of a solution

  85-102

  Gyorgy Szakolczai

  Views:

  124

  Followinf article analyses the question, how the twin deficit - the joint deficit of the budget and the current account - changed in Hungary between 2000 and 2006. The first part deals with the basic identities of the national accounts. The second, analytical part, looks through the latest data about the import surplus, the balance of owners' income and the inland consumption surplus, then it deals with the current account deficit and the ways of financing it, the current expenses, the net accumulation and the borrowing of the government budget. The third part performs the economic analysis and draws the main conclusions. According to this, the drastic decrease in proportion of the gross accumulation, the virtually zero net accumulation of the government sector, the deficit of the current account and the debt generating way to finance it are way more serious problems than the cudget deficit, which does not mean, that such deficit is sustainable. Even this situation does not justify the radical demolition of the welfare state, the theoretic solution can only be the increase of export capacity and the employment.

• Nyugdíjreform-dilemmák – jövedelemelosztási arányok és makropénzügyi egyensúly

  5-32

  Laszlo Antal

  Views:

  132

  The paper aims to outline the main relations and critical points of the pension system which make the reform of the whole system inevitable in near future. The most important cause stems from demographic change: in the developed countries average life expectancy is rising rapidly while the number of births is diminishing. This results in rising retirement outgoings and decreasing revenues from superannuation taxes. In addition to this medical expenses are increasing due to the development of treatment methods. In contrast, in Hungary the average life expectancy will only increase after 20-30 years. The main problems of the distributive systems are rooted in the particular characteristics of the political change following the collapse of communism. The level of employment decreased dramatically and there are many tax arbitrage opportunities. In addition nowadays 90% of employers tend to retire on a pension before retirement age. These factors make the main distributive system unsustainable. Additionally the elderly dependence rate will double in the next few decades. Parties debating a socially and financially sustainable main distributive system agree on the inevitability of an increasing role for self-provision and a cut in the growth in expenditure. The pension system will not be able to keep pace with growing wages, to guarantee insurance principals and a minimal income in old-age, and to meet the requirements of long-term financing at the same time, especially not in the period of demographic changes.

  Journal of Economic Literature (JEL): I38, J11, J26