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TÖRÖKORSZÁG ÉS AZ EURÓPAI UNIÓ KAPCSOLATAINAK FEJLŐDÉSE ÉS JÖVŐJE
Views:396Relations between Turkey and the European Union can be traced back to the emergence of the legal predecessors of the EU. Relations are positive in the long term, as there is a gradual approach between the parties. In the short term however, this relationship is also experiencing extreme swings. In the past, gradual approach has been interrupted by military coups and invasions. There was also a problem due to the different approaches to several issues, in which the actors examined the status of Turkey from different perspectives and whether it could even be considered a European country. Today, Turkey is overshadowing its own accession to the European Union because of its regional political interests in the Middle East. With this behavior, Turkey can create significant tensions with neighboring European Union countries or become part of conflicts with a doubtful outcome that will damage its own perception of Europe. The social changes that have started in the country may pave the way for Turkey to enter the European Union in the foreseeable future. However, as it stands, it will take decades. The parties will not terminate their economic relations, change is possible at the political level.
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The Implementation of a Crucial Project in Jászladány by the European Union
13-20Views:220Highlighting the importance of the aids given by the European Union we are discussing the question of by which resources a project can be realized and what goals they have to meet. Within it we focus on the implementation of a specific project, the Social Reformation Operational Programme (Code number: TÁMOP – 5.3.6-11/1) complex settlement programme (ensuring a complex human service access) through the example of Jászladány. The aim of the research is to demonstrate with the help of the project how the European Union contributes not only to the economic and social development of the country, but also helps to change the European Union's citizens’ personal life and attitudes.
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Historical-Conceptual Synopsis of the Vocational Training Policy of the European Union : történeti-konceptuális áttekintés az EU szakképzési politikájáról
69-84Views:163According the latest educational statement of the European Union, the EU wants to become the most competitive area of the world as soon as possible. The economic, social and educational indicators of the EU prove that this goal is far away at present. Consequently, to implement the objective, it is necessary to redefine the policy on education, particularly of the vocational training system in the European Union. The essay would like to give a short survay of the Vocational Training Policy of the European Union in the last 25 years.
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TERRITORIAL INEQUALITIES IN EUROPEAN UNION AND IN ROMANIAN REGIONS
51-61Views:363The quickly increasing of economic and social inequalities are the most prominent territorial process. Economic disparities between the regions of the European Union are of constant concern both for policy and economic research. Romania is one of the European Union countries within regional inequality is high. The purpose of the study is to present the evolution of the economic and income disparities in the romanian regions by examining the period of 2014-2018.
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Market Trends and Consumer Motivations for Plant-Based Milk Alternatives in the European Union and Hungary
50-58Views:48The market for plant-based milk alternatives is one of the fastest-growing segments in the functional beverage industry, driven in recent years by health-conscious lifestyles, sustainability considerations, and changing food purchasing habits. This study aims to present current consumer trends and motivations, as well as to explore the economic significance of plant-based milk alternatives in the European Union and Hungary. The research is based on secondary market data analysis and two focus group studies, which provided insights into consumer attitudes and perceptions related to advertising activities. The analysis covers revenue data from the largest markets, the diversity of consumption drivers, and the visual and messaging elements found in communication strategies. The findings may contribute to defining target group–oriented marketing communication and identifying opportunities for market development.
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Examination of measures taken to achieve social sustainability
13-20Views:121The concept of sustainability is associated with Lester Russell Brown, founder of the Worldwatch Institute and the Earth Policy Institute, who mentioned the concept of sustainability in his 1981 book Building a Sustainable Society, which deals with the realization of a sustainable society. The concept of sustainable development was first formulated in the UN's Brundtland Report, Our Common Future, in 1987. The report defined sustainable development as taking into account environmental, social, and economic pillars and their interactions. Today, financial experts and investors place great emphasis on environmental, social, and corporate governance aspects in addition to financial performance when evaluating companies. By preparing and publishing sustainability reports, companies help stakeholders make informed decisions. In order to improve sustainability indicators, the decision-making bodies of the European Union support the publication of such documents and the extension of the obligation to prepare them to as wide a range of companies as possible. In November 2022, the European Parliament adopted the Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD). Various standards have been developed over the years to improve the quality of sustainability reports and to make companies' sustainability efforts more comparable. The data points of the European Sustainability Reporting Standards (ESRS) describe the information and data that must be disclosed in relation to a company's environmental, social, and governance sustainability issues, provided that the topic in question is considered material according to the reporting company's double materiality analysis. The study presents the points belonging to the social pillar of the ESRS, supported by examples from companies' published sustainability reports.
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Skills related to EU Projects
113-119Views:218Our country with its accesion to the European Union in 2004 became eligble to use EU funds for its national developments. More than 7,8 billion Ft had already arrived in Hungary during 2007- 2013. The allocation and the use of EU funds represent a unique and never returning oppurtunity but also a great responsability for Hungary. While infrastructural projects (e.g roads, urban rehabilitation, fulfillment of derogation obligations) has dominated the 2004-2006 and 2007-2013 periods, the Széchenyi 2020 National Development Programme focuses mainly on economical development, 60% of the 8 200 billion Ft allocated EU funds will serve the cause of reviving and boosting the economic growth. Besides this, environmental protection, employement, innovation and the knowledge economy will represent also main focuses for the use of EU funds in Hungary. Where ever we look we see the the multitude of results of EU funded infrastructural, human, and research projects. In the 2014-2020 period even young professionals graduating from Szolnok College will be able to become potencial applicants for EU funds. During the course „Projects, from application to materialization” iniciated within the Bethlen István Specialized College
students were able to get acquainted with the basics of project writing, project terminology and project management. -
THE EFFECT OF ECONOMIC POLICY DECISIONS AND INFLATION ON THE SITUATION OF THE LABOR MARKET - WITH PARTICULAR REGARD TO PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
Views:469Nowadays, our country is characterized by active monetary and fiscal political decisions, however, the crisis caused by the coronavirus and the Russian-Ukrainian war and its inflationary consequences would lead the economic policy decisions in the opposite direction, which is unsustainable in the long term. In my study, I examined the relationship between fiscal and monetary policy and the labor impact of the economic crisis based on macroeconomic data, the Hungarian National Bank, and European Union forecasts. Significant progress was made in economic policy after 2010, thanks to which there was a fiscal balance and monetary policy ensured price stability, the labor market situation showed a gradually improving trend in recent years. The independent but constructive harmony between the two economic policy sub-areas after 2013 resulted in a permanent improvement of the macroeconomic processes of our country. However, the emerging crisis situation required a quick reaction, which fundamentally changed the short-term economic policy goals. Thanks to the consistency of monetary and fiscal policy, the Hungarian economy performed well even in the pandemic period compared to the European Union average. In the emergency situation caused by the coronavirus and the war, economic policy has found itself in a difficult situation, recovery from the crisis justifies economic recovery, while monetary tightening is needed to curb inflationary difficulties.
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PROJECT CONTROLLING in the service of grants
1-12Views:104Since our country’s accession to the European Union, we refer to project implementation when a (business) development activity is carried out using European Union funds and financial support. For the 2021–2027 period, Hungary has access to a cohesion fund budget of more than EUR 26,135.7 million, including national co-financing. The total amount of funding available to beneficiaries is approximately HUF 10,000 billion. However, for these available resources to truly contribute to Hungary’s economic and social development, numerous grant projects must be initiated and successfully implemented. The aim of this study is, on the one hand, to present the process, tools, and significance of project controlling through a case study—the implementation of the Supporting Youth Entrepreneurship in the Northern Great Plain Region project—highlighting the essential components of project success. On the other hand, it seeks to emphasize the role of project controlling in ensuring the efficient utilization of significant financial resources.
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The significane of environmental taxes used for mitigating the environment harmful impacts of road transportation
47-53Views:264Logistics is one of the most important economic sectors of the European Union, with nearly 1.134 million companies engaged in the field of transportation in the EU. The global logistics market is expected to show further expansion in the forthcoming years. On the other side stands global warning which is one of the greatest problems for the time being. The European Commission has announced a cross-sectoral investment programme worth more than 10 billion euros (nearly 3,200 billion Hungarian forints) for the planning, development and implementation of low carbon dioxide-emitting technologies to improve Europe’s global competitiveness. The common data base of OECD and the European Environment Agency (EEA) currently lists 375 environmental taxes and approximately 250 environmental fees or charges in the OECD countries. Among the EU member states, Sweden, for example, introduced a tax system which includes the essential elements of eco-tax more than 10 years ago. Hungary has several of such tax types, such as the excise tax on fuel, the energy tax, the energy suppliers’ income tax or the vehicle tax.
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NEW OPPORTUNITIES AND CHELLENGES FOR SUSTAINABLE LAND MANAGEMENT (SLM)
31-37Views:218Special literature sources have been discussing the concept of sustainability and the feasibility options only for about three decades. Sustainable development has several definitions; it is defined both in narrow and wider sense. The definition of sustainability is regarded inevitable because the sustainability of agriculture can be interpreted only within this fixed conceptual framework. Our study is primarily dealing with issues of sustainability in farming practices being peculiar to countries, regions of the European Union. In frames of current research, we are providing the analysis of the ability to produce value added within the agricultural sector, the intensity of farming, the non-renewable external input use, farm structure as well as the European-level relations being directed towards the preservation of land productivity.
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ASSESSMENT AND IMPACT OF AGRICULTURAL AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT SUBSIDIES IN THE SOUTHERN PLAIN REGION
Views:221The change of The change of regime resulted in significant changes in the life of the Hungarian rural areas; while the rural income of Hungary used to be world-class, after the change of regime it became incredibly low. Accession to the European Union and the European rural policy opened new aspects for rural areas and the people living there. The study presents the sociodemographic and farming characteristics of families receiving EU subsidies in the Southern Great Plain Region 15 years after the EU accession.
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SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC AND FARMING CHARACTERISTICS OF FAMILIES RECEIVING AGRICULTURAL AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT SUBSIDIES THROUGH AN EXAMPLE FROM THE SOUTHERN GREAT PLAIN
Views:178The change of The change of regime resulted in significant changes in the life of the Hungarian rural areas; while the rural income of Hungary used to be world-class, after the change of regime it became incredibly low. Accession to the European Union and the European rural policy opened new aspects for rural areas and the people living there. The study presents the sociodemographic and farming characteristics of families receiving EU subsidies in the Southern Great Plain Region 15 years after the EU accession.
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A PASSZÍV SPORTFOGYASZTÁSI SZOKÁSOK VIZSGÁLATA A DEBRECENI EGYETEM GAZDASÁGTUDOMÁNYI KAR HALLGATÓI KÖRÉBEN
Views:197Nowadays healthy lifestyle and physical activity are receiving more and more attention around the world of which regular exercise and proper nutrition are an essential part. Physically active lifestyle plays a significant role in maintaining physical and mental health. The growth of physical activity in the last ten years can be detected both at the domestic and European Union level. Today most of the people spend increased time on active and passive sports activities. Demand for sporting goods, various live sporting events and broadcasts has also increased significantly. The aim of our research is to assess the passive sports consumption habits of young people, around the students of the Faculty of Economics of the University of Debrecen, based on the earlier mentioned facts. The topicality of the topic is unquestionable as the University of Debrecen provides more opportunities for its students to do active and passive sports activities than ever before.
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SELECTION OF TEST LOCATIONS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF A SMART MAP SUPPORTING THE RESIDENTIAL USE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES
1-23Views:360Abstract
In the European Union, the population uses 26% of the energy. Due to the strategic goal of achieving climate neutrality and the crises of recent years, investment in the use of renewable energies has accelerated. In order to support this process, the Circular Economy Analysis Center of the Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences (MATE) started the development of a so-called multidisciplinary smart map, which shows the possibilities of renewable energy sources that can be used locally, and the selection of the optimal energy production mix based on the location of residential buildings and buildings. The purpose of this article is to present the selection of test sites necessary for the development of the map, highlighting their geographical, meteorological, economic, and social characteristics. Based on the applied multi-criteria system, the selection of testing locations and tasks is a complex task. The investigations are summarized in five chapters. The first one describes the introductory thoughts related to the initiation and development of the project. The second deals with Hungarian residential energy consumption in the light of international data. The third presents the principles of smart map development and defines the criteria for testing locations. And the fourth one analyzes and presents the principles and possibilities of selecting locations. The fifth part summarizes the location selection process, describes the methodology of the applied analyzes and describes the results of the location selection. The described procedure can guide the examination of these factors in other international projects.
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Aviai on Safety Issues of the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Applicai on - Presentai on for the Results of Research Area
84-91Views:163Nowadays numbers of internai onal aviai onal- and flight safety organizaton and national authority conducts research concerning regulai ons of UAV operai ons, whose role is rising irreversibly, and concerning more safety operai ons of intelligent devices. The group of Hungarian aviai on professionals has been conduci ng research on this area, fi nanced by the funds European Union. In the ari cle the authors present the risks of aerial robots, and present the New Széchenyi
Plan “Crii cal Infrastructure Proteci on Research TÁMOP-4.2.1.B-11/2/KMR-2011-0001”, and as a part of research the project for the regulai onal background of UAV applicai ons. Detailing the goals of research, theirs accoplishments and expected results for the future. -
A HAZAI ELEKTROMOS AUTÓIPAR VIZSGÁLATA – FÓKUSZBAN A FOGYASZTÓI MAGATARTÁS
Views:739Electric cars are becoming more and more popular in Hungary, and there is a growing trend in the European Union to consider new car sales. One of the main reasons for this is the Hungarian support system. In our study, the structure of the support systems for electric cars provided by the governments of the V4 region is presented in detail, and their effectiveness is presented as well. In the course of the research work, we performed secondary data analyzes and examined in detail the reasons for the popularity of electromobility.
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The Possible Principles of the Modelling of the Traceability System of Spice Pepper in Vojvodina
43-50Views:194The need for product traceability in Vojvodina has been emphasized by the adoption of the European Union legislations. All the actors of the food chain should participate in order to accomplish this traceability. The authors have elaborated and introduced such a model in the pattern of spice pepper production, processing and sale that makes traceability more transparent as well as adoptable to the local - in many cases deficient – legal framework. The raw material food-safety appropriateness and the final product origin can be justified by this system.
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EXAMINING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HOUSEHOLD WASTE AND WELL-BEING IN THE CONTEXT OF HUNGARIAN SETTLEMENT STRUCTURE
32-40Views:265In recent years, the circular economy has become an important objective of the environmental protection and economic policy of the European Union. As part of this, waste processing and disposal has a cardinal feature due to the reduction of the environmental load, in the same way, the trends of the consumer society pose a serious challenge to the reduction of the environmental load. The present study looks for the answer to what kind of relationship can be identified between the generated waste, the solvent demand and the concentration of residential health by analyzing the generated household waste and individual welfare indicators. To establish this, the authors use concepts accepted and applied in international statistical life, as well as statistical tests performed on primary data.
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The entrepreneurial willingness and motivations of university students
90-102Views:282In recent decades, the concepts of creativity, innovation and entrepreneurship have become key players in modern economic development and have received increasing attention both in the European Union and in our country. At present, the SME sector accounts for more than half of the workforce, which is why it is important to monitor their development and performance, as they have a significant impact on the performance of the domestic economy, and thus entrepreneurship and the promotion of entrepreneurial activities are a priority economic policy issue, and can contribute significantly to economic growth, job creation and the competitiveness of the country. As a result of our research on entrepreneurship and its determinants, it can be concluded that entrepreneurship depends on a number of factors, including personal characteristics, attitudes, motivations, educational and cultural background, economic and legal environment, market opportunities and challenges. The results show that more than 90 percent of university students have a positive attitude towards entrepreneurship and nearly 10 percent of them already have a business during their university years. Among the personal motivational factors, the most common responses from those surveyed were financial security, self-fulfilment and social recognition and challenge. This suggests that university students perceive self-employment as more stable than employment. The high influencing factors of self-fulfilment and challenge factors clearly show that university students are not self-employed by necessity, but would start a business for a good business opportunity, to achieve their own plans and goals. The most negatively influencing factors for starting a business according to respondents are financial risk, lack of start-up capital and lack of information, all of which could be addressed by government grants and start-up tenders and other funding opportunities. Despite the fact that the vast majority of students are open to starting a business, very few are aware of the public grants and other funding opportunities available to support entrepreneurship. When asked whether they would like to receive information on starting a business or developing a business idea in the future, nearly 90% of students would like to receive information in the context of compulsory university courses, optional courses and dedicated events.
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Is there a Way out? Assessment of the Situai on of the Hungarian Poultry Sector?
26-34Views:247The topic of our presentai on is the assessment of the current situai on of the Hungarian poultry sector. According to a forecast issued by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), of all types of meat, poultry meat produci on may expand to the greatest extent over the period of 2011 to 2020. The quesi on is whether it is possible for Hungary to take advantage of this favourable situai on. We will outline the history of the poultry sector since the transii on period, the impact of the accession to the European Union and the current situai on and the problems of the sector. We will discuss the sector’s compei i ve disadvantages (drop in exports, growth of imports, technological backwardness, lack of sector strategy, underdeveloped integrai on etc.). We will also include other factors that make the situai on of the sector harder (energy prices, feed prices, tax system, black economy, etc.). Finally, we will examine the possible strategic steps to improve the situai on of the sector.
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The Typical Features of the Regional Specialization in Poultry-Farming in Hungary Today
34-42Views:204The territorial location issues of livestock in the European Union and also in our country have got into the focus over the past few years. There are different animal structures in the regions of our country and different animal species have become dominant. The location and the development of certain animal types are affected by a number of socio-economic factors (the history of breeding, ownership, labour and capital assets, etc.). In the case of the spatially differentiated species-structure we have to reckon with a variable profitability, human resources, technical standards, different risk factors and market opportunities in the different regions. The topicality of the research theme is enhanced by the fact that nowadays the spatial structure of animal production has become a key issue. That is why more and more research is needed in Hungary, primarily research studying and analysing the structural changes and principals of animal production (poultry production) in order to ensure that each region would have a rational and efficient breed-structure. In addition, it is expected in modern market economies that the various regions should specialize in animal species, for which they have the most favourable breeding conditions. In order to follow the poultry stock changes (spatial and structural) in the last decade, it was important to consider the spatial specialization of different species over time.
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Kunhalmok védelmének helyzete Békés megyében
5-12Views:204Cumanian mounds, „kurgans” have a great importance in the history of the Carpathian Basin from cultural and nature conservai on, landscape, archaeological, botanical and zoological viewpoints. The kurgans are more thousands years nai onal values heritages. In Hungary these appear with the highest number in the fi eld of Great Hungarian Plain. Their size and relai ve height about 1-12 m. Unfortunately, the diff erent agricultural aci vii es resulted in their coni nuous degradai on and their number also decreased over the past centuries. There were remarkable changes in agricultural regulai on concerning Cumanian mounds in the EU – and in Hungary too – in 2010. They were declared protected landscape elements therefore they became part of cross-compliance. In our research we will check the results of the new regulai on in relai on to the changes in the state of Cumanian mounds in Békés County.
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The Fat Tax in 2011 and in 2012
40-47Views:118Approximately 119 million of the US population, that is 64.5 percent of the adult US population are either overweight or obese. 17.5 million young, obese people live in the European Union. The proportion of overweight or obese people is higher than 60% in Hungary. It causes a dramatic increase in health expenditure. Possible solutions include the introduction of a fat tax. Hungary introduced the fat tax in 2011. The rate of fat tax has increased in 2012.
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The State of the Bulgarian Agricultural Sector in the First Period (2007-2013) of the EU Membership
54-60Views:180With Bulgaria joining the European Union in 2007, the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) has become a decisive factor for the Bulgarian agriculture. The introduction and implementation of the CAP is far from optimal; positive and negative effects are both present. The performance of the agricultural sector in Bulgaria is not living up to its potential. Despite the subsidies received by the sector (more than 4 billion BGN), and the increasing national contributions between 2007 and 2013, its efficiency and profitability indicators have declined, and it remained at a low level of competitiveness. The processes of land concentration have accelerated. The SAPS subsidies are disproportionate and they prevent the shift to market orientation. The SAPS system caused
structural disharmony in the sector; the production of cereals and oilseeds has become predominant to livestock and fruit, and vegetable production. These problems can hardly be solved by the new CAP.