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Answers offered by computer algebra systems to equations from school textbooks
125-138Views:8This paper is an attempt to develop a strategy and methods for investigating and comparing the answers offered by computer algebra systems and the school answers. After primary (pilot) investigation of how well 8 computer algebra systems handle equations from school textbooks, it is possible to conclude that the systems are mostly reliable and give reasonable answers. Some remarks regarding a somewhat unexpected answer obtained can be easily explained by built-in standards and notions, which can differ from school assumptions. In other cases the differences from school could be corrected by certain commands. -
Teaching probability theory by using a web based assessment system together with computer algebra
81-95Views:12In the course of Maths Basics 2, the Faculty of Economic Science students of Kaposvár University learn the classical chapters of Probability Theory, namely random variables and the well-known probability distributions. Our teaching experiences show that students' achievement is weaker in case of problems concerning continuous random variables. From school year 2012/13 we have had an opportunity to take Maple TA, the web-based test- and assessment system, into the course of education. It is sufficient for the users of Maple TA to have a browser. Maple computer algebra system, which runs on the server, assesses students' answers in an intelligent way, and compares them with the answers that are considered correct by the teacher. In our presentation we introduce some elements of Maple TA system, the didactic considerations the test sheets were made by, as well as our research results concerning the use of Maple TA. -
Teaching reliability theory with the Computer Algebra System Maxima
45-75Views:7The use of the Computer Algebra System Maxima as a teaching aid in an MSc module in Reliability Theory is described here. Extracts from student handouts are used to show how the ideas in Reliability Theory are developed and how they are intertwined with their applications implemented in Maxima. Three themes from the lectures are used to illustrate this: (1) Normal Approximations, (2) Markov Modelling, (3) Laplace Transform Techniques.
It is argued that Maxima is a good tool for the task, since: it is fairly easy to learn & use; it is well documented; it has extensive facilities; it is available for any operating system; and, finally, it can be freely downloaded from the Web. Maxima proves to be a useful tool even for Reliability research for certain tasks. This latter feature provides a seamless link from teaching to research – an important feature in postgraduate education. -
Teaching meaningful mathematics with the Computer Algebra System MAXIMA using the example of inequalities
53-65Views:10The paper was originally motivated by the request to accentuate the meaningful contribution of inequalities in Mathematics Education. Additionally nationwide approved competences such as estimating come to the fore when organizing mathematical contents along some central Big Ideas. Not least the integration of computers enriches the reasonable discussion of inequalities by modern well accepted methodological principles. The freeware MAXIMA is used as Computer Algebra System (CAS) representatively. -
Interactive web portals in mathematics
347-361Views:6Many of the recent problems in higher education (less contact seminars, the heterogeneity and the increasing number of our students) call for new instructional methods. At University of Szeged we have developed a mathematical web portal which can offer a solution for such problems among the changing circumstances. This freely available, easy-to-use web-surface supports interactive mathematical problem-solving and student self assessment. Our computer program cooperates with a lot of free software (computer algebra systems, formula parsers, converters, word processors). WebMathematics Interactive has been available for the public since June 2002 on its web page http://wmi.math.u-szeged.hu. -
Decomposition of triangles into isosceles triangles II: complete solution of the problem by using a computer
275-300Views:10We solve an open decomposition problem in elementary geometry using pure mathematics and a computer programme, utilizing a computer algebra system. -
Learning and teaching combinatorics with Sage
389-398Views:12Learning Mathematics is not an easy task, since this subject works with especially abstract concepts and sophisticated deductions. Many students lose their interest in the subject due to lack of success. Computer algebra systems (CAS) provide new ways of learning and teaching Mathematics. Numerous teachers use them to demonstrate concepts, deductions and algorithms and to make learning process more interesting especially in higher education. It is an even more efficient way to improve the learning process, if students can use the system themselves, which helps them to practice the curriculum.
Sage is a free, open-source math software system that supports research and teaching algebra, analysis, geometry, number theory, cryptography, numerical computation, and related areas. I have been using it for several years to aid the instruction of Discrete Mathematics at Óbuda University. In this article I show some examples how representations provided by this system can help in teaching combinatorics. -
Application of computer algebra systems in automatic assessment of math skills
395-408Views:8Mathematics is one of those areas of education, where the student's progress is measured almost solely by testing his or her ability of problem solving. It has been two years now that the authors develop and use Web-based math courses where the assessment of student's progress is fully automatic. More than 150 types of problems in linear algebra and calculus have been implemented in the form of Java-driven tests. Those tests that involve symbolic computations are linked with Mathematica computational kernel through the Jlink mechanism. An individual test features random generation of an unlimited number of problems of a given type with difficulty level being controlled flat design time. Each test incorporates the evaluation of the student's solution. Various methods of grading can be set at design time, depending on the particular purpose that a test is used for (self-assessment or administrative exam). Each test is equipped with the correct solution presentation on demand. In those problems that involve a considerable amount of computational effort (e.g. Gauss elimination), additional special tools are offered in a test window so that the student can concentrate on the method of solution rather than on arithmetic computations. (Another obvious benefit is that the student is thus protected from the risk of frustrating computational errors). Individual tests can be combined into comprehensive exams whose parameters can be set up at design time (e.g., number of problems, difficulty level, grading system, time allowed for solution). The results of an exam can be automatically stored in a database with all authentication and security requirements satisfied. -
An e-learning environment for elementary analysis: combining computer algebra, graphics and automated reasoning
13-34Views:11CreaComp is a project at the University of Linz, which aims at producing computer-supported interactive learning units for several mathematical topics at introductory university level. The units are available as Mathematica notebooks. For student experimentation we provide computational, graphical and reasoning tools as well. This paper focuses on the elementary analysis units.
The computational and graphical tools of the CreaComp learning environment facilitate the exploration of new mathematical objects and their properties (e.g., boundedness, continuity, limits of real valued functions). Using the provided tools students should be able to collect empirical data systematically and come up with conjectures. A CreaComp component allows the formulation of precise conjectures and the investigatation of their validity. The Theorema system, which has been integrated into the CreaComp learning environment, provides full predicate logic with a user-friendly twodimensional syntax and a couple of automated reasoners that produce proofs in an easy-to-read and natural presentation. We demonstrate the learning situations and the provided tools through several examples. -
The unity of mathematics: a casebook comprising practical geometry number theory and linear algebra
1-34Views:10We give a sustained example, drawn largely from earlier publications, of how we may freely pursue a line of mathematical enquiry if we are not constrained, unnaturally, to confine ourselves to a single mathematical subdiscipline; and we draw conclusions from the study of this example which are relevant at many levels of mathematical instruction.
We also include the statement and proof of a new result (Theorem 4.1) in linear algebra which is obviously fundamental to the geometrical investigation which constitutes the leit-motif of the paper. -
Report on "The Computer Algebra and Dynamical Geometry Systems, as the catalysts of the Mathematics education": Conference, 6-7 June, 2003, Pécs, Hungary
259-269Views:2The Department of Mathematics of the University of Pécs, Pollack Mihály Engineering Faculty organized in the year 2003 a conference on the role of CAS and DGS in the Mathematics education. We discuss – based on the authors' abstracts – the conference's activities. -
Teaching Fourier series, partial differential equations and their applications with help of computer algebra system
51-68Views:6In this paper, some examples of Fourier series and partial difference equations will be shown to demonstrate opportunities for CAS use in various circumstances. The well-known white-box – black-box teaching-learning techniques and the modularization will be used to allow the use of the same worksheet in different ways. -
CAS as a didactical challenge
379-393Views:9The paper starts with the discussion of a concept of general mathematics education (mathematics education for everyone). This concept views the focus of teaching mathematics in the reduction of the demands in the field of operative knowledge and skills as well as in an increase of the demands in the fields of basic knowledge and reflection. The consequences of this concept are didactically challenging for the use of Computer Algebra Systems (CAS) in the teaching of mathematics. By reducing the operative work we reduce exactly that field in which the original potential of CAS lies. It is shown that in such maths classes the main focus of CAS is on their use as a pedagogical tool, namely as support for the development of basic knowledge and reflection as well as a model of communication with mathematical experts. -
GeoGebra in mathematics teaching
101-110Views:24GeoGebra is a dynamic mathematics software which combines dynamic geometry and computer algebra systems into an easy-to-use package. Its marvel lies in the fact that it offers both the geometrical and algebraic representation of each mathematical object (points, lines etc.). The present article gives a sample of the potential uses of GeoGebra for mathematics teaching in secondary schools. -
Solving mathematical problems by using Maple factorization algorithms
293-297Views:10Computer algebra gives methods for manipulating mathematical expression. In this paper we use the Maple software to solve some elementary problems. Computeraided approach in the instruction of mathematics helps to impart problem solving skills to students. -
Report on the First Central- and Eastern European Conference on Computer Algebra- and Dynamic Geometry Systems in Mathematics Education, 20-23 June, 2007, Pécs, Hungary
409-413Views:7The Department of Mathematics of the University of Pécs, Pollack Mihály Engineering Faculty organized in the year 2007 a conference on the role of CAS and DGS in the Mathematics education. We discuss the conference's activities. -
Blind versus wise use of CAS
407-417Views:1During my courses for mathematics major students I often use technology linked to the arising problems. In such cases I noted that some students were used to learn just some procedures, which made them able to solve (partially) some problems and when they got the result, they accepted it passively and did not relate it to the initial problem.
In this paper I outline a strategy and investigate some simple exercises about how to develop a critical attitude towards the results obtained by technology in an introductory course to CAS.
I believe that wise use of technology offers an effective method in teaching mathematics, without reducing the students' mental contribution. -
WMI2: interactive mathematics on the web
393-405Views:2After 5 years of experiments and feedback we decided to continue the software development on WebMathematics Interactive, a web-based e-learning tool, rewriting it from scratch. The demonstration version of WebMathematics Interactive 2 (WMI2) has been shown to the expert audience on the CADGME conference. In this article we summarize the development goals and results. -
Process or object? Ways of solving mathematical problems using CAS
117-132Views:6Graphing and symbol manipulating calculators are now a part of mathematics education in many countries. In Norway symbol manipulating calculators have been used at various exams in upper secondary education. An important finding in mathematics education is the duality of mathematical entities – processes and objects. Building on the theoretical development by Anna Sfard and others, the students' solutions on exam problems in upper secondary education are discussed with reference to procedural and structural knowledge. -
Herschel's heritage and today's technology integration: a postulated parallel
419-430Views:8During the early 20th century, advocacy of a range of mathematical technologies played a central part in movements for the reform of mathematical education which emphasised ‘practical mathematics' and the ‘mathematical laboratory'. However, as these movements faltered, few of the associated technologies were able to gain and maintain a place in school mathematics. One conspicuous exception was a technology, originally championed by the mathematician Herschel, which successfully permeated the school mathematics curriculum because of its:
• Disciplinary congruence with influential contemporary trends in mathematics.
• External currency in wider mathematical practice beyond the school.
• Adoptive facility of incorporation in classroom practice and curricular activity.
• Educational advantage of perceived benefits outweighing costs and concerns.
An analogous perspective is applied to the situation of new technologies in school mathematics in the early 21st century. At a general level, the cases of calculators and computers are contrasted. At a more specific level, the educational prospects of CAS and DGS are assessed. -
Experiences using CAS and multimedia int teaching vectorcalculus
363-382Views:8The development of informatics brings new opportunities that need reevaluating of the teaching concepts. For this reason we have performed a comprehensive educational development for engineering students. Our main goals were to work out a new educational strategy, to develop the needed package of the subject material, to introduce the strategy in the practice, to analyze and evaluate the experiences. In the developed and adapted teaching-learning strategy the teacher is the organizer, designer and the manager of the process. In this paper we summarize the concepts, the results and experiences of the 3-years-long development. -
Forming the concept of parameter with examples of problem solving
201-215Views:11Pupils are encountering difficulties with learning algebra. In order for them to understand algebraic concepts, particularly the concept of parameter it was decided by the teacher of mathematics and Information Technology to integrate the teaching of these two subjects. The aim of this study is to investigate whether, and to what degree, software can be useful in process of forming the concept of parameter. This longitudinal study was conducted in a junior high school (13-16 year old children) using different computer programs. -
Teaching of financial mathematics using Maple
289-301Views:15The paper deals with the application of computer algebra system Maple in teaching of financial mathematics. In the Czech Republic financial mathematics is included in the curricula of grammar and secondary school. Therefore, this subject is also taught at pedagogical faculties. Most concepts of financial mathematics are difficult to understand for students. In the paper we show the ways of facilitation understanding these concepts using tools of Maple. The main result is in preparing special maplets which enable interactive studying of the principles of such concepts. Each of these maplets deals with particular financial problem from real life, e.g. mortgage credit, consumer credit, credit card etc. -
From iteration to one - dimensional discrete dynamical systems using CAS
271-296Views:7In our paper we present the basic didactical framework and approaches of a course on one-dimensional discrete dynamical systems made with the help of Computer Algebra Systems (CAS) for students familiar with the fundamentals of calculus. First we review some didactical principles of teaching mathematics in general and write about the advantages of the modularization for CAS in referring to the constructivistic view of learning. Then we deal with our own development, a CAS-based collection of programs for teaching Newton's method for the calculation of roots of a real function. Included is the discussion of domains of attraction and chaotic behaviour of the iterations. We summarize our teaching experiences using CAS. -
Illustrated analysis of Rule of Four using Maple
383-404Views:10Rule of Four, as a basic didactic principle, was formulated among the NCTM 2000 standards (see [14]) and since then it is quoted by numerous books and publications (see [4], [9], [12]). Practically we can say it is accepted by the community of didactic experts. The usage of the Rule of Four, however, has been realized mainly in the field of calculus, in fact certain authors restrict the wording of the principle to the calculus itself (e.g. [3]).
Calculus is a pleasant field, indeed. A sequence of values of a function provides us with example for numeric representation, while the formula and the graph of the function illustrate symbolic and graphical representations, respectively. In the end by wording the basic features of the function on natural language we gain textual representation.
This idyllic scene, however, becomes more complex when we leave the frame of calculus. In this paper we investigate the consequences of the usage of Rule of Four outside calculus. We discuss the different types of representations and show several examples which make the multiple features of representation evident. The examples are from different fields of mathematics and are created by the computer algebra system Maple, which turns out to be an excellent tool for illustration and visualization of the maim features of mathematical objects.
Next we introduce the concept of basic representation and rational representation, which is considered as the mathematical notion of "didactic usable" or "didactic rational" representation. In the end we generalize the notion of numeric representation, which leads us a more widely usable didactic principle which can be considered as a generalization of Rule of Four.
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