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Applicability of Financial and Management Accounting Methods in the Practice of Corporate Assessment
134-139Views:680Corporate assessment features as an independent professional fi eld which in its operai on employs and integrates accouni ng, fi nance and marketing knowledge. THe globalisai on of the economy justifies the adopi on of applied methods, too. Having studied the methodology presented in international trade literature we can conclude that the work extends to several areas and its depends on several external factors. Whether its is possible to defi ne the value of a corporation accurately remains an eternal quesi on. Naturally, the answer is no; we can only give an estimate and aim to get as close to accuracy as possible.
On the role of accountancy we can declare that Hungarian accouni ng methods are adequate to obtain the necessary fi gures; the data available in the system need only a minimum level of additional calculation. -
New directions in aviation controlling – a systematic review
21-33Views:63The aviation industry has become a rapidly growing sector in a turbulent environment over the past decade, especially in the case of ULCC (Ultra Low-Cost Carrier) airlines in Europe. The growth of these kinds of airlines has led to volatile airport revenues, further diversified by AI and digitalisation. The aim of this paper is to analyse, through a systematic review, the role of controlling methods in this context, with a particular focus on Europe and the Central and Eastern European market. The research was conducted using the PRISMA method on the Scopus and Web of Science databases, covering the period 2005–2025. The study is structured around three main topics: cost-cutting methods of ULCC airlines, opportunities for increasing airport revenues, and the effects of digitalisation on the aviation industry, especially on controlling systems. The results show that controlling methods are not uniform and are often unable to adapt to a rapidly changing environment and operational complexity. One of the main conclusions of this research is that it may be worthwhile to create an entirely new, industry-specific controlling method that synthesises the principles of ULCC operations, airport management, and the improvement opportunities brought by digitalisation. The primary goal of this paper is to provide a foundation for further research and for the development of such a model.
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The Role of Arable Land in the Combination of Resources
118-123Views:210The purpose of my research work has been to systematize the land evaluation methods related to land mortgage lending, as well as to examine their modernization possibilities or to ponder on their relations with international trends.
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Incorporating Blended Learning in Teaching English for Specific Purposes
158-163Views:250As a result of the prevalent use of the Internet, teaching foreign languages can get a new perspective. This paper presents how teachers can incorporate the Internet in teaching English for specific purposes. First, a brief historical background of language learning methods is given, and then the focus shifts to a new
language learning project applying blended learning at the University of Debrecen. The paper also shows how traditional classroom activities can be combined with online methods to make language learning more enjoyable. -
The DON-Toxin Content Analysis of the Milling By-Product
271-278Views:197Thanks to the favourable impact of the vintage effect occurring in recent years the Fusarium contamination of wheat and consequently a high DON toxin concentration has often caused a problem. The DON toxin in terms of human and animal health is a serious food safety risk factor. Therefore, it is important that there be methods during the wheat milling process, which reduce the level of the toxin. We proved in our earlier examinations that with the help of a modern colour sorting machine the DON toxin content of wheat items can be significantly reduced. The question is how the mycotoxin content of the by-product produced in parallel during the process changes, which is used primarily as animal forage. The authors present an analysis of these relevant experimental data. The results show that the toxin content of the by-product exceeds the toxin content of the initial wheat item.
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INVESTIGATION OF ETHNOCENTRIC BEHAVIOR USING THE CETSCALE MODEL
Views:231Nowadays, the protection of the local economy and society is strongly supported not only at the level of nations, but also at the global level. Our study was based on the CETSCALE model of Shimp and Sharma (1987), based on Sumner's (1906) concept of ethnocentrism. The consumer questionnaire survey was conducted in the fall of 2021 as part of an omnibus research on a representative sample (N=1000). The sample reflects the composition of the basic population in terms of gender, age, settlement type and regions. In the course of the research, in addition to descriptive statistical methods, factor and cluster analysis were performed in order to reveal the consumer segments formed along the lines of domestic ethnocentric values. Since in 2014 we already analyzed this set of statements in the framework of a representative large-scale study, we also had the opportunity to compare it with the results of seven years earlier. According to our expectations, the 2020 epidemic increased the commitment to Hungarian products. However, our preliminary assumption was not confirmed, during the analyzes it was revealed that there was no significant change compared to the previous state. Along the lines of the CETSCALE statements, it was possible to identify two factors and with their help to separate three segments, which were named Nationalist, Patriotic and Cosmopolitan based on their alignment with the value groups. It is in the fundamental interest of the actors of the domestic economy that the patriotic behavior is strengthened in the future, for which a strategy must be developed.
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SEGMENTATION USING A DECISION TREE
49-54Views:298In the field of economics, the knowledge of high-level mathematical and statistical methods is necessary for a demanding analysis. Today the various items, indexes, and distributions are user-friendly analytical tools that have been built into computer programmes. In the case of uncertain decisions, decision trees are being applied in more and more areas. Using this method, decision rules can be created, so they can be used for segmentation as well. The study presents a
classification suitable for such a grouping. -
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT METHODS
Views:669Performance assessment - assessment of the financial and economic performance of companies - is of particular importance both in determining the performance of individual companies and in comparing companies. There are numerous different frameworks and different methods of performance assessment in the scientific literature and in business practice. With the expansion of globalisation and the emergence of a new economy, the focus on this topic is even more prominent. The aim of the present article is to review the literature on performance assessment and to describe two selected frameworks in more detail.
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Controlling Methods for SMEs’ Risk Reduction
23-30Views:299A substantial proportion of entrepreneurs strive to reduce the risk of their activity, which means they refer to a number of methods known, but rarely applied by them. Risk reduction activities can be totally interconnected with the ‘controlling’ approach and methods that are still not well known to a lot of company executives, but the introduction and application of those methods provide tangible results for business decision-makers within a relatively short period of time. The paper presents the size, activity, financial process characteristics, planning features, suppliers and buyers' evaluation practices of the investigated SMEs using correlation analysis methods. The study is a continuation of a research topic that has been going on for many years and is based on data collection from the years 2015 and 2016. We have evaluated the planning and management features of a total of 53 micro, small and medium-sized enterprises by questionnaire processing.
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Practical experiences of business performance measurement in Hungarian e-commerce
58-75Views:106In E-commerce is gaining ground all over the world, and its role in the global economy is growing. However, it is important to note that the current inflationary environment puts e-commerce at a disadvantage compared to traditional sales. Rising prices for food and everyday goods have been reflected in consumers' shopping baskets, while e-commerce has seen increased demand for cheaper substitute products. This has reduced basket value and made it difficult to meet performance targets. As traditional stores have grown in importance, e-commerce's share of total trade has fallen from a record high of 10.4% in 2021 to 9.6% in 2022. It is forecast that, within ten years, 30% of retail sales will be made online. These changing shopping habits will present challenges for business leaders. The research aims to determine the extent to which e-commerce businesses in Hungary are influenced by performance measurement tools and systems, how these tools and systems are used, how they improve performance, and their impact on the achievement of corporate performance objectives. It is particularly important to examine which areas can be improved and which pose barriers or risks to achieving targets. In order to make key decisions, business leaders require information on the most impactful factors and those that will help them to achieve their goals. To achieve this, it is necessary to assess companies' current performance improvement and measurement practices and the results achieved, as well as identifying the interrelationships between the different factors. This research was conducted through a questionnaire survey of e-commerce businesses. Based on the responses, the factors that contribute most to effective management were investigated, highlighting the performance improvement and measurement tools on which these businesses should focus.
The questionnaire-based survey comprised a total of 24 items, organized into two main sections. The first section focused on collecting general background information, while the second section aimed to assess practices related to performance measurement and evaluation. This latter section included questions concerning performance objectives, performance-inhibiting and risk factors, the tools and methods used for performance measurement, operational, financial, and market-based performance outcomes, as well as the evaluation of measured performance.
A total of 224 valid responses were collected. During the data analysis, principal component analysis (PCA) was employed to reduce the dimensionality of the variable groups. Closely related variables were grouped into single components based on their intercorrelations. Subsequently, a dependent variable was defined, and the Backward elimination method was applied to identify those principal components that best explained the variance in the dependent variable. Cluster analysis was conducted to form distinct groups, and the financial, asset-related, and income-related indicators of the resulting clusters were examined. These clusters were later utilized in hypothesis testing. Improved profitability, increasing returns, and enhanced financial performance were observed in Cluster 2. For enterprises within this cluster, the introduction of new products, the establishment of long-term growth objectives, and the monitoring of website visits and customer complaints were considered particularly important. These findings suggest that such factors should be given special consideration by enterprises operating in online marketplaces.
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GAMIFICATION, AS A NEW STRATEGIC TOOL FOR HR
Views:1179Globalization changed employee preferences, advances in technology, changes that make organizations face new challenges. Existing human resource management systems need to be reviewed or even new ones need to be created. “My hobby is my job, my job is my hobby,” says the saying, but how is it possible to attract a potential workforce and keep it afterward? Gamification is one of the possible answers of HR to this issue. Generation X, Y, and Z employees show significant differences compared to their predecessors, therefore innovative solutions are needed to maintain a long-term, productive, and loyal working relationship and satisfaction. The aim of this study was to explore the history of the development of gamification, the increase in its popularity, and its causes. After describing the methods of gamification, it presents the field of application of gamification based on domestic and international literature. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that well-applied gaming can be an effective solution in the fields of health preservation, education, learning, motivation, business, marketing, and human resource management.
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Is loyalty measurable? The importance and effective assessment of customer satisfaction
45-57Views:148Customer satisfaction is one of the key factors of corporate competitiveness and long-term business success in the 21st century. The rapid advancement of digitalization and the increasing expectations of consumers further emphasize the need to measure and improve satisfaction. The aim of this research is to examine which factors influence customer satisfaction in the case of a specific company, and how discrepancies between service quality and customer expectations can be identified. The study focuses on the gap between perceived service quality and customer perception, for which the GAP model and the SERVQUAL scale provided the theoretical and methodological framework. The research is based on both secondary and primary data collection; the primary research was conducted using a questionnaire, measuring customer perceptions across five key dimensions: reliability, responsiveness, assurance, empathy, and tangible elements. The results indicate that the company has a fundamentally strong customer satisfaction base, particularly in terms of employee expertise and the quality of communication. However, areas for improvement were identified regarding the accuracy of information provision and customer communication, which are also relevant from the perspective of service gaps. The study highlights that properly applied measurement models not only enable the assessment of satisfaction levels but also serve as effective tools for the targeted improvement of service quality.
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Controlling characteristics of SMEs in the Észak-alföldi Region
259-263Views:278Since the regime change in Hungary, the main federal task has been to strengthen the small and medium-sized ventures. The size of the category plays an important role in the employment as well as in the GDP production. Those areas that make businesses strong and reduce the risk of their activities are in the center of attention in this hardly predictable economic era. One of those areas is the views and methods of controlling which is still hardly adoptable to most of the CEOs in businesses. The introduction and the use of these operations give concrete results within a relatively short period of time, making the decision makers’ job easier at the companies. The study includes the examined SMEs, the design of business characteristics, the valuation of suppliers and customers, the production and the prime costs of the service. The vision of SMEs that characterizes the application of the tools and methods of controlling are also included.
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Local geopolitics, and spatial development
Views:256Local geopolitics is in fact the application of geopolitical tools in the definition of local conflicts. This topic is a brand new branch of the French geopolitical research areas. In France since the 1980’s, the reforms related to the division of scope of competence between the state and territorial governments have had an increasing effect on the relationship of local communities and of those communities with the state. One of the key characteristics of this relationship is the effort to harmonize the needs of local communities and of spatial development. Researching the geopolitics of spatial development is an important issue of local geopolitics in France today. The matter of mid-level spatial development is widely challenging for French professionals therefore it is worth having a look at it – especially as this level of development has gone through major changes recently in Hungary
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The impact of increasing environmental expectations and forced paperless administration on corporate sustainability
25-33Views:290Current environmental legislation, directives, and expectations of the stakeholders put increasing pressure on companies' sustainability efforts. Such efforts include applying life cycle analysis methods, resource-saving technologies, low-emission practices, and voluntary ecological rules. Digitization facilitates these efforts, and the forced situation created by the COVID-19 pandemic accelerated the digital transformation process even more. Many companies were pressured to find solutions that legally and effectively bypass personal presence. Paper-based administration was restrained, giving hope for the broader spread of entirely paperless businesses. The study aims to present Hungarian companies' incentives for environmental protection and emphasize how paper-free offices are an essential milestone in sustainable development.
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Is startup may be the solution for climate change?
94-101Views:253Today, unemployment is caused by environmental and economic changes are burning quite a problem around the world. With startups over the past 10 years, the economy is showing more and more increasing trend, so why not make it against the climate change fight, even while the young entrepreneurs also support the economy. There are many things to do, which is still untapped, including the use of geothermal and renewable energy resources, which not only
reduced dependence on foreign countries, but also new jobs could be created using environmentally friendly methods. The innovative emerging entrepreneurs’ maybe will soon find a solution for climate change, because this phenomenon is certainly all the inhabitants of the earth directly or indirectly exercise influence. -
EXPLORING NON-VALUE-CREATING PROCESSES USING THE VSM METHOD THROUGH A CASE STUDY OF A SMALL ENTERPRISE’S MANUFACTURING SYSTEM.
Views:245One of the major problems in Hungary is the low level of productivity. This low level is particularly noticeable among small and medium-sized enterprises. In most regional and Western European countries, the average productivity level of enterprises of this size is higher than in Hungary. The current and expected shortage of labor in the near future poses a challenge to businesses. Creating wage growth that contributes to retaining the workforce can only be achieved in the long run by increasing productivity. If an organization is unable to achieve productivity gains, it will fall short of both domestic and international-global competition. The application of modern management and management systems, such as lean management, can be a key element in increasing the productivity and competitiveness of Hungarian small and medium-sized enterprises. Lean management is one of the most common and effective process organization methods and paradigms used in the secondary and tertiary sectors, so much so that the use of lean-based management methods has in many cases become a competitive criterion and fundamental.
In our research, we prepare the value process mapping of a CNC metal cutting SME, including the value process of CNC milling and turning processes. This value process mapping method offers an opportunity to make losses in the industry become known and preventable. Through the preparation of the map, it is possible to illustrate the processes that produce mud and thus reduce the lead time and increase productivity. In the course of our study, we present the practical implementation of the method through the example of a company manufacturing metal parts machined with CNC technology.
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Issues of social regeneration in hungarian small villages
53-67Views:198The problem depopulated settlements, which can be traced back to a lack of social reproduction, is not only a Central European phenomenon. Trends in the value and extent of consumer society are driving developing and developed societies, one of the indirect results of which is the aging population of villages and the depletion of endogenous resources in the affected settlements. With this, these settlements lose their most important competitiveness potential, their population retention power. In many cases, the economic vacuum found in small-village areas and the declining population further strengthen the process, which has a restrictive effect on the range of public service tasks, thus further worsening the opportunities of those living in the area. The study examines the economic and social potential of small villages using descriptive and complex statistical methods.
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REPORTING IN INDUSTRIAL 4.0 - ETHICS & EFFICIENCY
42-50Views:590Entering the digital age, business conditions have changed. The social and economic effects of Industry 4.0 surround humanity. Systems that work together in the cyber-physical space move companies and create value. Naturally, the management wants to evaluate these processes and wants to see reports about them. New times, new winds, that is, the activities of a company based on digital technology require a new kind of reporting technique and methodology. The study briefly introduces the tools we use for this purpose. These tools (methods) also raise a number of ethical issues, while controlling and reporting must also meet the pressure of efficiency, that is, we have to increase the efficiency of reporting.
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Subsequent measurement models according to ifrs in bux index comapnies
69-77Views:254The main purpose of the research is to examine the models used for the subsequent measurement of property, plant and equipment, intangibles, and investment properties in the case of BUX index companies. Since the BUX index includes companies listed on the Budapest Stock Exchange, they must prepare their financial statements according to the International Financial Reporting Standards (hereinafter: IFRS). In my research, I examined the models used by the companies of the BUX index regarding the subsequent measurement. As a research question, I formulated whether the companies of the BUX index use a model similar to the model used in Hungarian accounting or take advantage of the transition to IFRS and instead use models that show assets at fair value in their books. The study points out that the routines of the evaluation methods used in the previous Hungarian accounting system remained even after the transition to IFRS.
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An economic study of a solar collector investment project with specific aspects of energy saving
121-124Views:220The energy saving properi es of an exisi ng solar collector investment has been assessed based on factual data and stai si cal methods. The seasonality of electricity, water and gas consumpi on has been determined. The number of guest nights, the electricity and gas consumpi on showed a strong and a moderate correlai on. The costs saved did not live up to the expectai ons, which makes the return indicators signifi cantly worse. The discrepancy may be due to the system being designed to be bigger than reasonable or the great energy loss as well. The lat er may be because of the distance between the collectors and the hot water containers. The system may have calibrai on problems as well. The whole area brings about saving an amount of energy that equals to HUF 851000, which translates into 8788 m3 of natural gas. The decrease of CO2 emission should come to 16.26 t. on an annual average.