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Economic Restructuring and Labor Market Adaptation in a Regional Context – The Impact of Industrial Investments in Debrecen
139-154Views:171This study examines the labour market impacts of the large-scale industrial investments in Debrecen between 2015-2025, with particular focus on the economic transformation generated by BMW, CATL and other multinational corporations. The research aims to explore how the emergence of new high-tech industries transforms the structure of the regional labour market, what competency realignments it produces, and what managerial challenges it poses. The methodological approach combines literature analysis, secondary data collection and expert consultations, focusing on investments in the Southern and Northwestern Economic Zones. The research identified a "dual shock effect" in Debrecen's labor market: the creation of more than 20,000 new jobs generates a quantitative shock, while the industrial structural transformation and the competency expectations of international companies representing high-tech industries result in a qualitative shock. Competition for labour has led to significant wage increases and forces the application of new recruitment and retention strategies, while intercultural leadership and organizational development have also become critical challenges during the implementation of greenfield investments in Debrecen. Debrecen's economic transformation represents an exemplary process for regional development, however, it poses significant adaptation challenges for both employees and companies.
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The importance and challenges of developing financial awareness
44-52Views:1122A financially conscious population promotes a country's competitiveness and makes its economic stability more secure. There is a need to promote financial awareness and education among secondary school students, young adults and older age groups. Our synthesis research is based on secondary data collection. This article describes the importance of financial awareness and the domestic initiatives and challenges to improve it, with a particular focus on human resource factors. It can be concluded that there are a number of initiatives in Hungary aimed at providing students with the financial and economic basics they will need in the future, starting from school. Some training is available for teachers involved in education, but there can be a serious problem with the low number of teachers.
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The status and challenges of the digitalization of rural areas in Hungary
33-44Views:473The aim of this study is to explore the economic and social impacts of digitalization in rural areas of Hungary, with particular attention to the role of infrastructural development, digital skills, opportunities for the younger generation, and the adaptability of rural enterprises. The research is based on secondary data analysis, drawing from national and international databases to examine the current state, challenges, and opportunities of rural digitalization. The findings reveal that, although infrastructural improvements—especially in broadband network coverage—have brought significant progress, the digital transition is still hindered by a lack of financial resources, insufficient digital competencies, and limited access to technological innovation. The study emphasizes that digitalization in rural areas is not merely a matter of technology but also a strategic tool for promoting social equity and territorial cohesion. Accordingly, the author proposes the implementation of complex, targeted, and community-oriented development policies to support inclusive rural digital transformation.
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Sustainable hybrid project management: a new job profile for the tourism sector in the spirit of resilience
100-108Views:91The tourism sector has faced significant challenges over the past decades, reaching a critical peak during the COVID-19 global pandemic. These challenges have highlighted the urgent need for resilience and innovation within the sector, as well as the demand for the introduction of novel solutions. In response, the European Union has introduced strategic frameworks to strengthen the sector, including the Blueprint strategy and various sectoral initiatives such as the HyPro4ST project.This case study examines the conceptual and practical frameworks of the HyPro4ST initiative, with particular emphasis on the development of a new professional profile—the Sustainable Hybrid Project Manager—aimed at enhancing workforce resilience, sustainability, and digital readiness in the tourism sector.
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WHAT CHALLENGES DO INTRAPRENEURS WORKING AT ENTREPRENEURIAL UNIVERISITIES FACE?
Views:219Abstract
Although entrepreneurs have been researched from many different perspectives, the subgroup of internal entrepreneurs has been somewhat neglected in the literature.
After the overview of the definition of the intrapreneur, we will examine why organisations need this type of people and what are the most important factors that facilitate or hinder the emergence and motivation of intrapreneurs.
A literature review on the databases of Scopus and Web of Science draws attention to the fact that, despite its importance, there is little research on this topic, especially in the field of entrepreneurial universities.
The barriers identified in the literature for internal entrepreneurs in entrepreneurial universities are presented and suggestions for further research are made.
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Practical experiences of business performance measurement in Hungarian e-commerce
58-75Views:182In E-commerce is gaining ground all over the world, and its role in the global economy is growing. However, it is important to note that the current inflationary environment puts e-commerce at a disadvantage compared to traditional sales. Rising prices for food and everyday goods have been reflected in consumers' shopping baskets, while e-commerce has seen increased demand for cheaper substitute products. This has reduced basket value and made it difficult to meet performance targets. As traditional stores have grown in importance, e-commerce's share of total trade has fallen from a record high of 10.4% in 2021 to 9.6% in 2022. It is forecast that, within ten years, 30% of retail sales will be made online. These changing shopping habits will present challenges for business leaders. The research aims to determine the extent to which e-commerce businesses in Hungary are influenced by performance measurement tools and systems, how these tools and systems are used, how they improve performance, and their impact on the achievement of corporate performance objectives. It is particularly important to examine which areas can be improved and which pose barriers or risks to achieving targets. In order to make key decisions, business leaders require information on the most impactful factors and those that will help them to achieve their goals. To achieve this, it is necessary to assess companies' current performance improvement and measurement practices and the results achieved, as well as identifying the interrelationships between the different factors. This research was conducted through a questionnaire survey of e-commerce businesses. Based on the responses, the factors that contribute most to effective management were investigated, highlighting the performance improvement and measurement tools on which these businesses should focus.
The questionnaire-based survey comprised a total of 24 items, organized into two main sections. The first section focused on collecting general background information, while the second section aimed to assess practices related to performance measurement and evaluation. This latter section included questions concerning performance objectives, performance-inhibiting and risk factors, the tools and methods used for performance measurement, operational, financial, and market-based performance outcomes, as well as the evaluation of measured performance.
A total of 224 valid responses were collected. During the data analysis, principal component analysis (PCA) was employed to reduce the dimensionality of the variable groups. Closely related variables were grouped into single components based on their intercorrelations. Subsequently, a dependent variable was defined, and the Backward elimination method was applied to identify those principal components that best explained the variance in the dependent variable. Cluster analysis was conducted to form distinct groups, and the financial, asset-related, and income-related indicators of the resulting clusters were examined. These clusters were later utilized in hypothesis testing. Improved profitability, increasing returns, and enhanced financial performance were observed in Cluster 2. For enterprises within this cluster, the introduction of new products, the establishment of long-term growth objectives, and the monitoring of website visits and customer complaints were considered particularly important. These findings suggest that such factors should be given special consideration by enterprises operating in online marketplaces.
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New Challenges in Military Aviation
194-204Views:245In the article the authors present the eligibility criteria of the procedure, which enables the military airfield to serve for public purposes as a joint civil military airport. The article pays special attention to the necessary changes and amendments of the laws in force and the auditing procedures, which concern the owner and the operator of the airfield in order to meet the requirements of European Union legislation.
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Healthcare close to home – a path to more accessible treatment
37-58Views:37The research details the current challenges of primary care in Hungary, with a particular focus on human resource shortages, underfunding and their consequences. It highlights that the financial remuneration and working conditions of health care workers directly affect the quality of care and patients' trust in the system. The current system does not encourage young people to choose a career in health care, especially in general practice, which can lead to serious long-term care problems. The role of education and training should be highlighted: there is a need to increase university places, to ensure supply and to increase retraining opportunities to ensure that there is a sufficient supply of professionals in the future. Funding for home-based specialist care and care close to home is key to achieving cost-effective and patient-centred healthcare. Without structural reforms, more flexibility in the legislative environment and targeted financial expenditure, the current situation could deteriorate further. Health policy therefore has a crucial role to play in achieving sustainable and people-centred care.
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Working capital analysis of pharmaceutical companies in Central Europe
1-13Views:372The pharmaceutical industry has huge market potential and investment opportunities, while pharmaceutical players also face a number of challenges, such as regulating the production and pricing of active pharmaceutical ingredients, protecting intellectual property and competing with other players. As a key sector of the Hungarian economy, the industry generates a significant share of GDP and has grown dynamically in recent years, the aim of our study is to compare the activities of Hungarian industry players with sectoral companies in other Visegrad countries, and thus to examine the similarities and differences in the liquidity management of the pharmaceutical industries in these countries. The analysis was based on the annual accounts of regional pharmaceutical companies for the period 2018-2022, extracted from the EMIS database. The period covered included several globally significant events, and therefore our research also examined the impact of the coronavirus epidemic and the war in Ukraine on pharmaceutical companies and whether there were differences between the Central European countries. Overall, sectoral players in each of the region's countries were able to keep their indebtedness under control and, although Hungarian companies were able to manage the largest assets, by the end of the period the working capital efficiency of Polish companies was better than their regional competitors overall.
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Pedagogical Implications of Teaching English for Science and Technology
164-171Views:302Teaching English for Specific Purposes (ESP) has traditionally been context-driven, focusing on the special field in which the language is expected to be used; needs-responsive, trying to define language learners’ needs and adapt teaching practices to these needs; and finally learner-centred, in a sense that teaching
processes and learners activities have been highly influenced by the desired learning outcomes. However, due to recent global changes the conventional ways of teaching have been challenged. The paper lists some of the most intriguing pedagogical challenges for ESP practitioners and also recommends
possible solutions to meet them, partly from overviewing related academic literature, partly from successful practical implementations. Pedagogical issues raised by the internationalisation of higher education are also investigated by the author and some preliminary results of empirical research about learning styles are presented. -
Modern communication strategies and business relationship development in higher education: experiences of corporate partners of the University of Debrecen
24-32Views:123The quality of communication channels in the B2B sector plays a fundamental role in determining the success of collaborations. With the rapid advancement of digitalization, it has become inevitable for higher education institutions to rethink and modernize their communication practices with business partners. The aim of our research was to map the currently used communication tools and processes, with a particular focus on how well they meet the expectations of today’s business environment and how they could be improved in the future.
Through semi-structured interviews conducted with the corporate partners of the University of Debrecen, we gained deeper insight into how inter-institutional communication works in practice, what challenges arise, and what development needs are identified by the stakeholders involved. The findings highlighted that, although existing tools are often functional, there is a clear demand for a consciously designed, innovative, and flexible communication system.
Our research is future-oriented: our goal is to formulate development proposals that support higher education institutions in building more dynamic, technologically supported, yet human-centered communication with their partners. These modern communication models could not only enhance institutional competitiveness but also provide students with more valuable and authentic networks for engaging with the business sector.
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Capacity to handle complexity – The importance of contextual awareness in healthcare communication in English as a lingua franca
131-141Views:306Hungarian healthcare providers – as most of their colleagues around the world – engage in interaction with foreign patients, whom they do not share a mother tongue with, in English as a lingua franca (ELF) most of the time. These communicative situations pose great challenges to healthcare providers, as they have to be capable of adjusting their language use to their patients’ cognitive, linguistic and communicative-pragmatic schemata which often differ from their own. In order to develop such a capacity, ESP classes must focus on improving health science students’ awareness in exploring various ELF contexts which form ground for making informed decisions on the use of terminology. The present research aims at showing the complex dynamic nature of these ELF contexts based on empirical data collected via interviews with Hungarian healthcare providers who have extended experience in working with patients in international environments. The results can inform the everyday practice of ESP teachers in the field of the health sciences.
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The economic importance of the furmint grape variety in Hungary
71-78Views:142The Furmint grape variety is one of the defining elements of Hungarian viticultural heritage, embodying both cultural richness and economic potential. This comprehensive, descriptive analysis explores the multiple dimensions of Furmint’s economic importance in the Hungarian wine industry. Starting from the historical roots of Furmint cultivation, the study discusses the variety’s unique characteristics and its ability to produce some of the most complex wines in the world. By analysing its viticultural background and winemaking potential, the paper highlights Furmint’s prominent role within the Hungarian wine sector. While most of the existing literature examines the variety mainly from an ampelographical or viticultural perspective, this article places Furmint in a broader economic and varietal context, points out its distinctive features and identifies gaps in previous research that this analysis aims to address and use as a basis for future studies. The article also critically examines the challenges faced by Furmint producers and identifies breakthrough opportunities linked to the use of the variety. In summary, the research not only synthesises existing knowledge on Furmint, but also offers new insights into its economic relevance in Hungary.
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COVID-19 AND CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY: EVIDENCE FROM NIGERIAN MICRO, SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISE (MSMEs)
Views:226The devastating impact of COVID-19 extends beyond health concerns; the coronavirus outbreak has rapidly transformed into an environmental, social and economic emergency. The global pandemic has prompted businesses to adopt innovative business models and re-strategize corporate social responsibility (CSR) in order to cope with the global challenges triggered by COVID-19. Micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) are hit the hardest as they lack adequate resources to strive in these difficult times. This paper is a review article that uses secondary data to analysis COVID-19 pandemic and the CSR of MSMEs' in Nigeria. The study concludes that COVID-19 has a significant effect on MSMEs' CSR. Therefore, the study recommends that CSR projects should be compatible with government policies and plans to have a wider and even more sustainable effect. CSR engagement would be more fruitful if MSMEs embrace collective corporate social responsibility.
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The experience motivations of Generation Z tourists
Views:494Experience motivations based on the hierarchy of needs receive different emphasis in different stages of the life cycle. The basis for the creation of experiences is variety, activity and connection, as travel motivations in addition to the need for relaxation and rest. From the perspective of tourism product development, it is increasingly difficult to form homogeneous demand groups and offer them segment-specific experiences. The examination of the tourism experience behavior of the recently entered generation Z, which is formulated as a research question, is an urgent problem. The analysis of the responses related to experience motivation from the medium-sized sample of the targeted generation provides an opportunity to identify and group the motivations and images from the experience behavior of the age group, and to determine segment specificity. Based on the value and intensity of the individual experience attitudes, four main segments can be distinguished in the surveyed generation Z sample: those who mainly seek calm, safe relaxation, those who mainly get to know each other, those who mainly seek relationships and those who mainly seek challenges. The results of the research contribute to a more precise definition of the experiential behavior of Generation Z tourists.
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THE ORIGIN OF ECO-ETHICS
57-63Views:250Technical and economic professionals have to expect serious challenges if they want to take the insurance of the sustainable development of the natural environment into co nsideration. Apart from the professional difficulties they especially have to prepare for the fact that mainly the proponents of ecology make their work difficult. They have to hold their ground in the field of force where the politicians of green organiza tions and the environmental science are dead set
against each other. Further on we do not intend to get entangled in this incoherent system of relations. We would rather look into its ethical connections and the history of its origin. -
When change is no longer an option, but a compulsion: liquidation procedures and the human aspect
34-49Views:174Poorly managed change management and liquidation proceedings are often causally linked. Proactive and effective change management strategies can reduce the likelihood of going into liquidation. However, if the organization cannot adapt properly to changing circumstances, it can ultimately result in the initiation of liquidation proceedings. Understanding this connection, recognizing the challenges that arise as a result of changes in a timely manner, and then choosing the appropriate change management strategy can be vital for the survival of companies.
In this paper, I address the case of organizations failing to avoid liquidation. I will present how the most well-known change management theories can help manage organizational change during liquidation, and through a concrete example – from the perspective of the liquidator as a court-appointed insolvency expert – how change management activities are actually implemented in practice.
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GAMIFICATION, AS A NEW STRATEGIC TOOL FOR HR
Views:1301Globalization changed employee preferences, advances in technology, changes that make organizations face new challenges. Existing human resource management systems need to be reviewed or even new ones need to be created. “My hobby is my job, my job is my hobby,” says the saying, but how is it possible to attract a potential workforce and keep it afterward? Gamification is one of the possible answers of HR to this issue. Generation X, Y, and Z employees show significant differences compared to their predecessors, therefore innovative solutions are needed to maintain a long-term, productive, and loyal working relationship and satisfaction. The aim of this study was to explore the history of the development of gamification, the increase in its popularity, and its causes. After describing the methods of gamification, it presents the field of application of gamification based on domestic and international literature. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that well-applied gaming can be an effective solution in the fields of health preservation, education, learning, motivation, business, marketing, and human resource management.
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Doctor-patient and health team communication in the Visegrad countries – narrative review
45-56Views:473The study aimed to explore and compare preferences for doctor-patient communication and communication within healthcare teams in the Visegrad countries (Poland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, and Hungary) through a general literature review. While each of these countries has independent studies on these topics, a comparative analysis using a single validated questionnaire was conducted by Bányai et al. (2021). Their research showed that factors like gender, age, education, and poor health status influence how patients perceive the quality of communication with doctors in all four countries. The study also found that communication within healthcare teams faces challenges due to personal, referral, and system-related barriers. Improving communication skills is crucial in preventing burnout and depersonalization among healthcare workers, and a well-designed communication training process can foster positive attitudes, particularly among specialist nurses. Independent researches from the four countries shows that patients value clear, accurate information about their illness, treatment options, and the effectiveness of care. Patient satisfaction was higher when they received good treatment along with straightforward information about their condition and clear explanations for their relatives. However, the communication skills of healthcare staff were seen as a weakness, and such skills were often not part of their training. To create a more patient-centered healthcare system, effective human resources programs need to be developed, and further research in health communication is necessary. The study suggests using the PPOS (Patient-Practitioner Orientation Scale) questionnaire to assess and compare healthcare professionals' attitudes towards communication across different levels of healthcare in these countries.
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Examination of the Notes to the financial statement through the example of enterprises engaged in sports activities
61-66Views:492In the globalized and accelerated world of our time, it is essential that enterprises have up-to-date information. Only a company that is in possession of the necessary information is able to meet the challenges of business life. One source of public information might be the annual statement prepared and published in accordance with the stipulations of Act C of 2000. The annual statement consists of three parts: the balance sheet, the profit and loss account and the notes to the financial statement. The text-based information of the notes to the financial statement are for the more accurate interpretation of numerical data. The notes to the financial statement of certain market participants (consumers, suppliers, competitors, etc.) might support efficient operation of companies, their proper decision-making and risk assessment. In present study, the notes to the financial statement of companies identifying sports activities (Hungarian NACE 931) as their primary activity were utilized. By means of text mining, it was examined what information these notes to the financial statement include from amongst the mandatory information required by the Accounting Act.
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DYNAMIC PRICING AND STRATEGIC CONSUMERS: CHALLENGES AND COOPERATION IN THE HOTEL SECTOR
Views:395A few decades ago dynamic pricing was a magic word in hotel industry. It was considered a mythic activity, and therefore, operators and owners expected that its introduction would result in a drastic increase in profitability. Then it turned out that it required systematic data collection, the best possible IT background in terms of the resources, and the presence of specialists. It can be accepted as a fact, that those who stayed out were left behind. However, which direction did those who joined take? What did they achieve? It became an independent activity with several trends and connection points. It can rightly be called the cornerstone of hotel industry yield management. In my review, I intend to show the present state of the hotel industry in the area of dynamic pricing. However, the representatives of each trend have a common goal: maximising their revenues in the long term.
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The entrepreneurial willingness and motivations of university students
90-102Views:368In recent decades, the concepts of creativity, innovation and entrepreneurship have become key players in modern economic development and have received increasing attention both in the European Union and in our country. At present, the SME sector accounts for more than half of the workforce, which is why it is important to monitor their development and performance, as they have a significant impact on the performance of the domestic economy, and thus entrepreneurship and the promotion of entrepreneurial activities are a priority economic policy issue, and can contribute significantly to economic growth, job creation and the competitiveness of the country. As a result of our research on entrepreneurship and its determinants, it can be concluded that entrepreneurship depends on a number of factors, including personal characteristics, attitudes, motivations, educational and cultural background, economic and legal environment, market opportunities and challenges. The results show that more than 90 percent of university students have a positive attitude towards entrepreneurship and nearly 10 percent of them already have a business during their university years. Among the personal motivational factors, the most common responses from those surveyed were financial security, self-fulfilment and social recognition and challenge. This suggests that university students perceive self-employment as more stable than employment. The high influencing factors of self-fulfilment and challenge factors clearly show that university students are not self-employed by necessity, but would start a business for a good business opportunity, to achieve their own plans and goals. The most negatively influencing factors for starting a business according to respondents are financial risk, lack of start-up capital and lack of information, all of which could be addressed by government grants and start-up tenders and other funding opportunities. Despite the fact that the vast majority of students are open to starting a business, very few are aware of the public grants and other funding opportunities available to support entrepreneurship. When asked whether they would like to receive information on starting a business or developing a business idea in the future, nearly 90% of students would like to receive information in the context of compulsory university courses, optional courses and dedicated events.
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A comparative study of tourism Education on vocational level in Hungary and Finland
1-7Views:379The rapid growth of tourism in Hungary and the labour migration to abroad resulted in a serious labour shortage in the industry. One of the sources of skilled and motivated workforce is the system of tourism vocational education and training, which can just slowly react to market changes due to its inertness. In addition, the highly centralized system provides low-level of freedom to respond to regional differences, as the National Core Curriculum and its related regulatory documents are compulsory for the institutions and maintainers implementing them.
This paper seeks for possible solutions to the prevailing challenges by a comparative examination of the tourism VET system in Finland and Hungary. As a result the author propounds possible alternatives to develop secondary tourism education.
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Radical Times Require Radical Measures – the Fed, the ECB and the BoE monetary response to the pandemic
107-124Views:121This journal describes the non-conventional measures used by the Federal Reserve, the European
Central Bank and the Bank of England during the coronavirus crisis. The pandemic followed a
period of historically low interest rates, rendering the main monetary policy tools of central banks
largely ineffective in further stimulating the economy. Consequently, central banks introduced so
called non-conventional measures. The primary aim of this study is to present the theoretical
functioning of elements within the central banks’ toolkit, particularly focusing on non
conventional measures, as well as their intended economic objectives and associated risks and
challenges. The article reviews crisis management measures implemented by central banks, such
as asset purchases and liquidity-providing programs, aimed at mitigating the negative economic
impacts of the coronavirus pandemic and preserving economic stability in an exceptionally
challenging environment. Through a detailed examination of these measures, readers gain
insight into why central banks resorted to these tools and how they became essential instruments
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The Air Transport Capability of the Hungarian Defence Forces up to Now, Future Development Opportunities
216-227Views:230The accession to the NATO presented new challenges to the Hungarian Defence Forces. In order to meet the requirements of the federal obligations, besides the protection of the state we must take a role also in conflict areas even thousands of miles away from Hungary. One of the basic conditions to achieve this, is that the forces offered need to arrive at the right area of application at the right time in a cost-effective way. The purpose of this article is to present an overview on how the Hungarian Defence Forces are able to meet these requirements. An important matter is whether the air transport capacity should be provided by our own capabilities or by other (civil or military) sources. In order to answer this question I am going to analyse the processes which have influenced the development of air transport capacity over the last 10-15 years.