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The Relationship between Family Background and Labor Market Success
88-97Views:428In our study, we undertake to explore the social background of fresh graduates (has absolutorium) by field of study. In doing so, we put great emphasis on the educational attainment of the parents and the financial situation of the family, as these factors can have a significant impact on young people's learning opportunities, attitudes and career paths. In the theoretical part of our research, we consider it important to present the experiences of domestic and international authors on the socio-economic situation. Subsequently, the 2015 Graduate Career Tracking System (DPR) database provided us an excellent opportunity to study the complex data collected by the 34 higher education institutions. In our analysis, we highlighted the different socio-economic backgrounds of graduates from different disciplines. Based on our research, we have concluded that young people from richer families are in a better position on the labor market, earning higher incomes than children of parents with lower social status
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Employment Challenges in the Second Wave of the COVID-19 Virus from a Corporate Perspective
152-163Views:649The changed market conditions caused by the Covid-19 virus forced companies to rethink their strategy and structure and to optimize their processes. The aim of my research is to shed light on the changes in the second wave of the coronavirus epidemic that have had a significant impact on the operation of businesses and presented them with significant challenges. For the study, I used the results of a previous questionnaire survey (Pirohov-Tóth 2020; Pirohov-Tóth, Kiss 2021), which were supplemented with a literature analysis and statistical data from the database of the Central Statistical Office. Furthermore, compared to the first wave of the virus, I examined how job productivity changed in the second wave of the virus. Finally, corporate crisis management options have been presented in my analysis, the practical application of which can contribute to re-emerging from the crisis. It can be stated that the acceleration of digitization and the widespread expansion of advanced technological tools and methods can be considered as one of the biggest positives of the viral situation, which can also mean survival for companies in this pandemic situation.
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Economic Effect of the Coronavirus on the Companies Involved in Car and Automotive Parts Trading, and Manufacture of Tires of Hungary, Including Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg County, in Respect of 2020
1-12Views:237In Hungary the wake of the first wave of the Covid-19 epidemic (March 2020), caused a decline in demand for goods and services in most sectors. There were sectors (accommodation services, art, recreation, etc.), which were economically severely burdened by the imposition of restrictive measures, and there were some (financial services, communication), which experienced the change positively. In our research, our goal was to assess the changes caused by the Covid-19 epidemic in the property, financial and profitability situation of the companies involved in car and automotive parts trading, and tire manufacturing, in Hungary, and within the country, in Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg county. We established three hypotheses: (1) As a result of the spread of coronavirus epidemic, in Hungary and in Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg county as well, the profitability of companies of NAICS codes 441 (car and automotive parts trading) and 4231 (wholesale of road vehicles and parts), decreased. (2) The outbreak of the epidemic had a negative impact on the liquidity of companies established in Hungary, including Szabolcs- Szatmár-Bereg county. (3) As a result of the Covid-19 epidemic, the resource structure of Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg county companies, analysed in the framework of research work, transformed. To prove or disprove these, secondary research was used. Finally, we put forward conclusions and proposals for the management of the companies active in this industry.
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The Landscape of Civil Society Organizations in the Economy of Kosovo
334-343Views:311Civil society organizations (CSOs) in the scientific literature have been studied broadly from various aspects such as cultural, political, social and economic. But as far as the last one is concerned, there is still a research gap because there is a lack of study about their contribution to economies under development, such as Kosovo, and which must be filled because of its importance. This paper tends to analyze the present situation of CSOs in Kosovo and their potential contribution to economic activity. Highlighting the activities, the structure and the place of these organizations in the economy will be the approach, in the beginning, to pave the way for further study of specific areas related to them. The methodology established contains analyses of secondary sources that are done by using data from the Ministry of Public Administration of Kosovo, Kosovar Index of Civil Society which is a regular report of the Kosovar Civil Society Foundation (KCSF), and other supplementary data. However, this will proceed after the scientific conceptual issues of CSOs and their place within the economy. Finally, the results show that civil society in Kosovo is very diverse with organizations in different sectors, and the economic activity sector consists of mostly agricultural NGOs. In transition countries, CSOs are seen as an alternative that improves a particular sector. Thus far, there are over 10,000 organizations established in Kosovo, but relative studies suggest only 1000 to be active. Furthermore, their activity and contribution to economic development is little known so far, while the main problem of the economy remains unemployment.
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Crisis of the 9th Generation Game Consoles-Focus on Playstation 5 and Xbox Series X
1-10Views:423By the end of the past centrury, specific computers optimized for gaming, that is meeting the needs of the computer gamers, the so-called game consoles were introduced to the market. At the end of the last year, after waiting for so long, new types of the 9th generation consoles came into the market, produced by the Microsoft and the Sony. Ovation of this appearance is familiar and usual in the profession, which soon became exchanged by the space of dissatisfaction, since now, after the events of the past months we can declare that gaming on both platforms suffers from serious difficulties. This study, the methodological base of which is composed by case study, secondary analysis of available data, intends to highlight the facts which led to this situation, whether it is a temporary or a permanent situation, and how the market and the gaming society react to it. Results show that it does not seems to be a temporary phenomenon, and as a result of complex problems market anomalies have appeared, which considerably influences our relationship to the market of the consoles.
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The Economic and Social Effects of the COVID-19 Epidemic in the European Union over the Past Year, Especially in Hungary
67-79Views:2047The apparence of the COVID-19 pandemic at the beginning of 2020 affected all countries in the world, entailing major changes in everyday life. In our study – in a one year perspective – we summerize the socio-economic effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on various economic sectors and their consequences for the European Union and Hungary. As a result of the pandemic restrictions the role of some sectors were decreasing considerably, while on the other hand the other sectors emerged and underwent a significant improvement. The growing trend of working from home, as well as the decline of the tourism, the catering service and the entertainment industry has led to a change in the behavior of the population. . Changes during the pandemic period led to an increase in wealth inequalities.Changes during the pandemic period led to anincreas in economic inequality. The transformation of consumers’ values and income situation is having an huge impact on all sectors of the national economy. When reflecting upon the current situation, the following questions arise: When will the declining businesses be able to recover? Will they be able to achieve their pre-pandemic profit level, and if yes, how long will it take them?
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Discussion on São Paulo Mobility Plans
17-33Views:159Since urbanization rising and urban demographic increase, urban transportation has been an important life quality aspect and a strategic decision for cities. Mobility seems to follow citizens' behavior and be influenced by urban cultural changes at the same pace it influences back the city routine and resident’s conduct. The discussion around the future of mobility gained new magnitude nowadays since some sort of vehicles have proved themselves as the cause of significant environmental impact, while others showed themselves as alternatives of low impact for different reasons – from quality public transportation to individual transport with minimized emissions. The city of São Paulo in Brazil published its Master Plan in 2014 and its Mobility Plan in 2015, analyzing the current situation and proposing a future for the city’s transportation system. This paper intends to analyze both plans, construe the popular participation in their formulation and application, discuss how data and strategy were presented and whether they are aligned with other countries’ thinking on the subject. As a city of over 10 million inhabitants, in a Metropolitan Region of 39 cities with over 20 million inhabitants, the transportation system of São Paulo is not an easy or single-solution issue. It is known the need for a combination of different transportation modes, requiring likewise new visions for all methods. Owing to the fact that modes complete each other and, in that manner, may reach a wider range of options for the population to plan daily life, then a system with a great variety of modes ensures the best functioning of them all. This paper focuses on an outsider view that searches for answers and solutions on the São Paulo transportation system, having as a base what is considered outstanding in the world for this issue.
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Changes in the Disclosure Obligations of the Notes to the Balance Sheet and Income Statement between 2000 and 2018
270-279Views:296The aim of the study is to present by different types of companies the information content of the supplementary annex. We can say about the economic organizations, that they must to constitute real image in financial statements about the situation of –assets, -finance and income. To appreciate the businesses is necessary the information system, which is integrated company to company. The data of financial statement prepared by accounting act are historical, concern the past. The conduct of numerous economic operators is influenced by the globalization accelerated nowadays. In this connection, it can be certainly said that the globalization affects the accounting regulation as well. In our country, the business entities falling within the scope of the aforementioned regulation are subject to Act C of 2000 on Accounting, according to which the prepared reports shall provide the external and internal stakeholders with information ensuring a true and fair overall picture of the business entities’ property, financial and profitability situation as well as future plans. In my treatise, I will highlight a part of the report i.e. the Notes providing text information in addition to the numerical data. Within this, I will present those mandatory disclosure obligations related to the balance sheet and income statement which are indispensable tools of informing the external and internal operators adequately.
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An Overview of the Situation of SMEs in Hungary in Catching up to Industry 4.0
72-80Views:173Since I have been working I have been in contact with small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and large companies in various ways. I have thus been confronted with the disadvantages of the former in terms of the introduction and use of 4IF technologies. Yet most of them are aware that to remain competitive in the market, they cannot avoid digitising their operational processes to some extent. I have also found that this mainly depends on the characteristics of the organisation; for example, its orientation. Domestic SMEs are therefore currently at a competitive disadvantage in the market. However, there is no information on whether there is a trend towards development and where they themselves should develop. This would help them to develop the right, achievable vision for the future, coupled with a feasible business strategy.
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COVID-19 Pandemic Impact on Employees’ Physical Activity
72-84Views:786Globalization and the recent explosive development of technology have significantly changed people’s lifestyles resulting in an increase in the number of people living a sedentary lifestyle. COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated the situation and created an unprecedented situation in the world. In the present study, we investigate changes in the physical activity and sedentary behavior of adult workers caused by the coronavirus epidemic. In our online cross-sectional research, we used snowball methodology. The target group of the survey was adult workers. 108 people filled in the questionnaire, the majority (73.1%) are women, the average age is 37.18 years and most of them have higher degrees (Diploma: 74%, PhD: 14%). The present study revealed a decrease in physical activity and an increase in sedentary time for the employees in our study. Despite respondents detected a decrease in their physical activity, an increase was reported in the proportion of online training participants. The majority of respondents partially, or totally switched to work from home during the pandemic, which may further increase their sedentary lifestyle. We did not find significant differences among the domain of work and leisure time or occupational physical activity patterns. The workplace is a great opportunity for promoting physical activity and reducing sedentary time in the adult working population, therefore it would be important for organizations, decision-makers and health professionals to work on the design of strategies to these goals.
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Examining the Competitiveness of Fish Products on the Market
151-163Views:99Fish and fishery products are one of the key ingredients in human nutrition and are therefore outstanding in terms of both production and trade. Different processed fish products are available in many countries around the world due to globalization and a fast supply chain. In our study, we examined the market for fish and fishery products using secondary data collection. The data were collected several years ago from the databases of FAO, EUROSTAT, COMTRADE and KSH The comparative advantages or disadvantages of international trade were determined with the help of the RCA index for the role of Hungary and the EU in the world in the case of different categories of fish products. The aim of our research is to compare the fish products of different processing in Hungary and in the EU compared to the international situation, paying special attention to the main exporting and importing countries. Based on the secondary research the study has a detailed the specificities of trade, the trends observed in recent years and the competitiveness of fish products in Hungary and the Member States of the European Union and effect relationships behind the RCA-index results.
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Analysis of the Supply of Sport Services by Organizational Aspects
465-474Views:288The spread of consumer societies has led to the commercialization, and the emergence of profit-oriented operating frameworks in the fields of sport. The sports enterprises, involved in the operation of competing groups on professional, spectator fields of sport have already been examined from legal, economic, organizational points of view by a number of international and Hungarian researchers. In this article, we attempt to cover and summarize the Hungarian research approaches on this subject. The motive behind our investigation is that we should launch an organizational examination of the Hungarian profit-oriented sports suppliers in the near future. We plan to analyse the property, financial, income, organizational, management and labor management related situation of these sports enterprises. In order to ground the research, the review nature summary of domestic economic, organization science related secondary examinations is essential, which allows the development of the appropriate research methodology and the comparison of our results with the antecedents.
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Changes in the Financial Condition of Families in Hungary between 2000 and 2019
712-722Views:280The financial condition of families living on wages is function of many factors. It is determined, among other things, by the development of wages, social benefits, tax rates and the amount of allowances that can be granted. The part of the tax system that affects the largest segment of individuals changes every year, and even during the year, reducing predictability. In recent years, discussions over the taxes have shown that the rate of personal income tax cannot be evaluated separately from the social security contribution rate. Gross average earnings - on the grounds of raising the minimum wage and the guaranteed minimum wage - have more than four-times in nearly 20 years. However the rate of growth is higher in the average net earnings due to changes in the tax system. Compulsory determined wages increased to almost six-times over the years under investigated. But in 20 years, how much has the income situation of an average family living on a salary become more favourable or more unfavourable? In our study we are looking for an answer to how the increase in the minimum wage and the changes in the law how to have affected the livelihood.
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Labour- or Talent Shortage? – Exploring the Conceptual Differences for Effective Practice
180-190Views:325Regarding the issue of unemployment, a number of researches have been done at national level. Deliberately, public awareness has a particular emphasis on this situation from employee aspect. However, from the labour market point, the issue of labour shortage has just as serious consequences like unemployment, although its extent is detectable mainly at employers side. Nowadays, employers are negatively affected by the very nature of labour shortage, and the issue of talented shortage became the most sensitive issue. It has a prominent importance to distinguish labour and talent shortage. Despite the fact that these phrases are frequently used as synonyms these have different meanings. The aim of my research is to determine main differences between labour and talent shortage by seconder data to help in correct use and understanding at organisational level.
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Operating a Webshop in Rural Areas
242-251Views:221The importance of e-commerce in Hungary is unquestionable. 66% of the population is regular internet users (I3), every fourth person uses it on a daily basis. Online sales have increased from 137 billion HUF in 2010 to 427 billion HUF in 2016, while offline sales were not able to reach this growth (I1). Undoubtedly, online sale has become a very valuable market. The age group really valuable as consumers spends about 6 hours a day online, out of which 3 hours are active usage (I2). The Internet is also the most important source of information and keeping in contact, as 41% of the population uses it method. The availability of the Internet in Hungary is literally independent of the geographic location, thanks to the Digital Renewal Action Plan in Hungary's current strategy, as one of its main chapters is "Enhanced and Secure Infrastructure for All." (Botos 2013) plan. There are many unfavorable processes in Hungary's rural areas. Of these, emigration and the abandonment of the local economy are outstanding. To stop these processes, the "National Rural Strategy" (2012-2020) was created. Its most important areas are employment growth, balanced and diverse land and forest management, production structure, restoration of local food production and food markets, local energy production, strengthening the local communities, improvement of population patterns and conservation of natural systems and the biodiversity. The integration of rural economies into the on-line marketplace and their linkage to different DBEs not only vertically but horizontally can be one of the keys to their survival and development. The situation of businesses on the on-line marketplace in the countryside is very special. On the one hand, they are more favourable in many aspects of their operation, but in some cases they have disadvantages that fundamentally threaten their survival. The purpose of this article is to get to know this environment, map its benefits and drawbacks. For this, we use the results of in-depth interviews conducted with businesses operating on an on-line market in rural settlements.
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CSR Reporting Practices of Hungarian Banks
70-81Views:156The disclosure of information on the exercise of corporate social responsibility (CSR) is the tool most frequently used by companies to promote understanding of the social and environmental performance of an organisation and to improve relationships with stakeholders. For most of the world’s largest companies, reporting on non-financial information appears to be a continuing trend, so it is essential to present the new corporate reporting trends of the 21st century. The disclosure of socially responsible information will be analysed, with a focus on the application of the Global Reporting Initiative guidelines related to CSR. Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) is the best-known framework for voluntary reporting of environmental and social performance by business worldwide. The main objective of the paper is to explore the corporate voluntary disclosure practices of the listed and non-listed banks in Hungary. The extent of voluntary disclosure has significantly improved for decades worldwide, but the situation is not that obvious regarding the Hungarian financial sector. This paper aims to describe the status of disclosure practices of corporate sustainability in the annual reports, sustainability reports or CSR reports of the banking industry in Hungary. Also, increased corporate visibility and financial risk increase stakeholder demand for transparency on the social impact of financial institutions and their CSR practices. Finally, the analysis and subsequent comparison of available CSR reports of banks will be presented.
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Analysing the Conditions of SMEs Regarding Quality Assurance in Hungary and the European Union
Views:179Nowadays, small and medium sized enterprises (SME) have a relatively large task and expectation caused by the appearing of populated large foreign-owned enterprises in our country. In order that they will be able to cooperate with them and be able to join and integrate into the value chain they supply they must meet the high quality of standards. Obtaining then preserving quality certificates is essential for this. It can be fulfilled exclusively with thorough screening and problem identification.
This situation is exacerbated continuously by globalization in which each sector is involved. It means that they must remain competitive globally. Although in our country most of the small and medium sized enterprises bears the specific characteristics of family businesses innovation may not be avoided if they intend to stay competitive. To fulfil this quality assurance is one of its integral part.
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Analysis of the Situation and Structure of Passenger Transport in Hungary
195-208Views:140Traffic and transportation are important segments, as they contribute to the economy's functioning, to mobility, trade and job creation. Transport per capita spending in recent years exceeded 10% of the total spending of the population. In the first part of my article, I review the characteristics and importance of passenger transport. In the subsequent chapters, I will show how significant are the trends and differences that can be discovered when analysing population spending on transport, car purchases and maintenance and passenger transport by age group and educational attainment.
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Analysis of Labor Market Indicators in the Northern Great Plain Region in 2018 and 2022
25-42Views:86In my study, I analyze the labor market indicators of the North Great Plain statistical region for the years 2018 and 2022 in order to map the regional labour market characteristics based on the indicators. One method of the analysis is the Beveridge curve. This complex analysis method graphically illustrates the evolution of the relationship between the unemployment rate and the proportion of vacant positions typical of the region under investigation. The results of the analysis can draw attention to possible problems in the labour market in the region. I examine the secondary statistical data in parallel with the available related literature.
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The Situation of Digitization in the Hungarian Food Processing Industry
196-209Views:384Thanks to various technologies, such as nanotechnology, the next decades will completely transform the individual production processes and sectors. With the rapid advancement of information technology, the digitalization and automation of industrial processes pose new challenges for food business operators. Hungarian food companies will be able to keep up with their competitors and be the winners for the next decades if they can successfully adopt these technologies. However, this requires a strong focus on digitization, digital strategy, and directing investment, technology change and R&D activities in this direction. Digitization is one of the decisive directions of the future, which is why I felt it essential to study the level of digitization of Hungarian food companies, IT infrastructure and Internet usage, the use, and role of enterprise management systems, decision support and business analysis tools, and business readiness, Industry 4.0 technology change. Based on the 205 evaluable responses to the questionnaire, it can be said that only a tiny proportion of Hungarian food companies have a digital strategy and only a few have digital transformation.
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Néhány választott egyéni sportág jelenlegi helyzetének és versenyképességének elemzése Magyarországon
1-20Views:791In the past few years, our country increased importance of sports. 2010 was highlighted in 16 individual sports, which receive state subsidies for the period 2013-2020. In this research we selected the four disciplines of sports - canoeing, modern pentathlon, wrestling, judo - I examined the domestic situation and competitiveness. The sports competitiveness investigated on the basis of their role in the media occupied, according to the method of the International Olympic Committee (IOC). The IOC and the Olympic Games Organising Committee (OCOG) mediation from the proceeds distributed to sports, by way of support. I think it is important to examine the competitiveness of sports, and international jótapasztalatokat used later to propose solutions to increase viewing figures. The first stage of this research, which shows the position of sports Hungary, explore their differences and draw parallels between the similarities.
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The Past, Present and Future of a Hungarian Company
303-313Views:376The new strategy for small and medium-sized enterprises focuses on growth, the three pillars of which are the development of a knowledge-based and innovation-based economy, a resource efficient, greener and more competitive economy, and high employment and social and territorial cohesion. Based on the plans and forecasts, in the 2021-2028 cycle, however, it is not as much as today, but it is possible to calculate development resources closely linked to economic development in the form of non-refundable subsidies in many forms. In my present study, I wish to outline the life span of a Debrecen company, NEXT Broker Consulting Ltd. and its potential development prospects in the post-2020 cycle, which may be important because it deals with tender writing, so it can show a serious impression on the previous or current the direction and situation of the use of development resources, thus indirectly the realization of the goals of Hungarian economic policy.
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Transformation of the Decisional Leadership Role
26-40Views:115Leadership decision-making is important for the successful functioning of organizations, so it is necessary for leaders to understand the factors that impact their decisions. Decision-making is always the responsibility of the leader, but in a changing world, it becomes an even more crucial factor for success. Making good decisions requires time, experience, and thorough problem-solving skills. In my research, through the analysis of scholarly sources, I have identified several role factors that clearly influence the decision-making process and its implementation. Furthermore, I have developed a self-designed questionnaire to examine the decision-making role in modern organizations. I analyzed the data from 230 respondents using various statistical methods. Based on my findings, conflict management, risk-taking, and a thorough understanding of the problem strongly determine leadership decision-making processes. The ability of leaders to effectively manage conflicts significantly impacts their decisions. Risk-taking is also of key importance, as leaders need to recognize the risks associated with a given situation and make decisions accordingly.
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Floorball position and passive sports consumption in the light of a study
142-157Views:235Research and studies done on floorbal is usually associated with medical studies, however the research and analisys of other fields peakd little interest.Thus, the aim of the study was to present the situation of floorball in Hungary and to examine the opinion of passive sports consumers about the sport. Within this we deal with the competition system of our country and the organizational structure of the federation. In our primary research, from a viewer perspective, we were interviewed as passive consumers in a questionnaire survey about their relationship to floorball. In the questionnaire we discussed whether they had ever met this sport and whether they had seen it or what attracted them to the match. We also tested their willingness to pay. The results were compared with the opinion of one of the domestic leaders of the sport, which in many cases agreed with the results. The questionnaire was completed by 153 people, more than 95% of whom had heard of the sport and most had the opportunity to become familiar with floorball at primary school. 65% of those surveyed have already seen a live floorball match that they have mostly played with friends / acquaintances. This young sport can become more and more popular among young people, not only as a complementary sport.
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Trends in Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Renewable Energy Policies in the EU and USA, with Special Emphasis on the Transportation Sector
219-231Views:266The aim of this work is to review recent trends in the field of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and renewable energy policies of the European Union and the United States of America. During the last few decades, there was a significant shift within the political attitude towards these fields, therefore important changes were realized in the electricity production and the climate policy. In the present paper, we discuss the current situation focusing on the transportation segment.
