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Recommendations for actualization of land valuation legal frameworks and directives
104-116Views:92The estimated market value of domestic land in terms of scale reach some thousand billions HUF, but the estimation of the real natural and economical value need a sophisticated methodological approach. The official methodology laid on legal basis (see decree 54/1997 Min. of Agriculture) was shaped for collateral valuation fulfilled to requirements of mortgage institutes. In the years since, at the socioeconomical level many things have changed, which therefore made it necessary for re-thinking, accurate or change of the methods comprised in the mentioned decree. Considering the observations of the last two decades, accordingly with international guidelines and domestic legislation, the authors try to draw up recommendations for updating land valuation rules and methods both for legislators and real appraisal professionals.
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Goat keeping, goat milk production, importance and consumption of goat milk products with regional outlook
97-109Views:73Goat milk production is a dynamic and continuously expanding branch, which determines the life of millions of people. Goat milk and the cheese made from it, was venerated in ancient Egypt, with some Pharaohs supposedly placing these foods among the other treasures in their burial tombs. Goat milk and manufactured goat milk products play significant role in human nutrition. Starving and malnourished people in the developing world consume more goat milk than cow milk. Goat milk plays an important role in the treatment of certain health problems. The gastronomic needs of connoisseur and health conscious consumers, which is a growing market share in many developed countries, can be met by goat milk and manufactured goat milk products. The aim of our study is to review the most relevant international and Hungarian studies, overview the regional situation of (dairy) goat breeding, goat milk production and consumption as well as the nutritional benefits of goat milk and manufactured goat milk products to human health.
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The pressure of generational change on the successors in the family farms in Karcag
69-81Views:119Family farms have an important role in agriculture. It is a form of farming where the family can keep the acquired competence and wealth of the farm for several generations.Therefore the issue of generational change is becoming more and more important nowadays. However, generational changing can face a number of obstacles. One of the major obstacles to farm transfer can be if the family farm does not have a successor, who could carry on the family traditions. In practice, the State and the European Union too try to encourage young farmers to continue agricultural activity, but this is not too popular. In our survey, we were looking for the answer to how much psychological pressure there is on successors to take over their family farm, and how much this pressure depends on the size of the farm and the generation of successors. We conducted the questionnaire survey with family farms in Karcag where the issue of succession is actual. The results of the study based on the responses of the farmers surveyed, show that the successors do not feel the pressure of taking over the farm, but are rather proud to be able to continue on their family traditions.
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The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on different areas of life in Hungary (work, private life, health and mental state)
25-36Views:232The COVID-19 epidemic had an enormous impact on the entire world, including the Hungarian population. The situation was accompanied by numerous new restrictions, strict regulations, and their consequences had to be dealt with, which also affected the life of everyone. Therefore, it was considered that it would be worthwhile to assess the different reactions to this situation among the population, what effects the people had to face and whether there was a change in their lives. The opinions of respondents on different areas of life was surveyed, such as private life, changes in personal relationships, introduction of changes in workplace habits, and the effects on health and mental state. Also the survey intended to reveal newly developed good and bad habits. The survey method was a questionnaire-based survey, which was delivered to the respondents online (n=362). The results obtained from the sample were evaluated, subjected to descriptive statistical analysis, and then crosstabs were performed based on background variables (gender, age, educational attainment, occupation, and income) to present correlations. The results of the sample are not representative, but they properly represent and summarize the situation.
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The sharing economy in EU-28 and its popularity in Hungary and Romania
88-103Views:45The emergence of sharing economy into the tertiary sector has changed the balance of power and redefining the way of achieving it. The purpose of the study aims at introducing the sharing economy, one of the most popular economic mechanisms at present, with special regard to its nomenclature and definitions. The spreading of trading platforms in services sector has created a wide variety of virtual marketplaces, where consumers and suppliers contact each other directly according to their interests. It focuses on the economic markets of the Hungarian and Romanian sharing economy to obtain a clear picture of its growing range and forms. The paper includes both primary and secondary research, literary sources and the open-access database of the European Commission, which is analysed by the SPSS 24 software. Sharing economies have been studied from both consumer and service provider perspectives, surveyed the proportion of users and suppliers, the advantages and disadvantages, the reasons for not using services offered as such, and the motives behind the participation of suppliers on sharing economy platforms was carried out in Hungary and Romania and the EU-28 members. As far as we know, the analysis of this field has not been carried out.
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Honey consumption and purchasing habits in Hajdú-Bihar county
88-101Views:152The main objective of our research is to present the market situation and conditions of the Hungarian beekeeping sector from the perspective of consumers. We considered it appropriate to present the beekeeping market because the European Union is the second largest producer of honey in the world, and Hungary ranks third in the EU in terms of the honey production volume. The changes in global and EU trade, market trends and changes in consumer habits are significant influencing factors in terms of domestic conditions. The market situation is presented through a review of the relevant domestic and foreign literature, and we analysed statistical databases to examine the topic (data provision of beekeeping programs of the European Union member states, CSO, OMME, Statista database and reports). The consumption of honey by the Hungarian population has been slowly increasing year by year, but we are still below the European Union average. Honey is our basic food of animal origin; it has many beneficial properties, so the study of consumption and purchasing habits is an important issue. To analyse the consumer and purchasing habits, we chose the questionnaire survey method. In our research, we sought the answer to how and in which direction honey consumption and purchasing habits have changed in Hungary today, and whether there are any regional difference based on the answers of the respondents. The online questionnaire was structured according to the 4Ps of the marketing mix; accordingly, we had questions about the product itself (honey), its price, place of purchase, promotion opportunities and the way and frequency of honey consumption. The results obtained from the survey were evaluated, subjected to descriptive statistical analysis, and then analysed for correlations based on background variables including gender, age, education, type of settlement, and county. Responses were evaluated using the SPSS 22.0 data analysis and statistics program. The results of the sample are not representative, but they well represent and summarize the situation.
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The effect of social media on media consumption and the advertising market
121-132Views:294Social media has become an integral part of our daily life and has completely transformed our society. While it had a social function at the beginning, it has had an increasing economic potential from the early 2010s. Our research objective was to explore the economic and social effects of social media on our society. Document analysis was applied in the research, thus relevant publications and studies were collected and processed. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that in recent years the time spent with online media consumption has increased dynamically for all generations, both globally and in Hungary. The advertising market rearranged fundamentally due to the change of media consumption, the revenue of the printed media decreased steeply while the online media increased exponentially since the economic crisis of 2008 in particular with social media. Concerns of data protection and significant tax debt came up in the last couple years despite of the social websites. Based on this fact, by establishing equal competition on the media market, the fulfilment of the tax payment and the observance of data protection rules have become reasonable for the state to take stricter actions against the global technology companies.
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Analysis of Work Attributes According to Kano Modell and Paired Comparison in the Case of Higher Education Students
6-18Views:84The aim of our study is to examine university students' expectations about job attributes, what are their basic expectations and what factors are attractive when choosing a job. We analyzed the answers of 389 students learning at the University of Debrecen and the University of Nyíregyháza. In the study, we combined the Kano model and the pairwise comparison method. The former is related to Noriaki Kano and his colleagues, and categorizes product quality attributes according to their impact on customer satisfaction. The model is primarily used to assess the quality of a product or service, but has recently been used in areas of management like job satisfaction. The other method is the pairwise comparison, when answerers compare the attributes to each other thus setting up an order of importance. The possibility of merging Kano-model and importance is an opportunity to examine job characteristics more accurately and to apply a refined Kano-model that divides the original categories into two subcategories like critical (important must-be), necessary (less important must-be), high value-added (important one-dimensional), low value-added (less important one-dimensional), highly attractive, less attractive, potential (important indifferent) and care-free (less important indifferent) quality characteristics. In our research, we examined the following attributes’ effect on job satisfaction: wage, relationship with employees, long-term employment, the matching of field of education and work, the work environment, the career opportunity, the matching of education level and work, and company size. According to our results, there are job attributes with clear category, such as wage, which high value added attribute and a low salary causes dissatisfaction while high salary causes satisfaction. Long-term employment is a less attractive, modern environment is a highly attractive factor, so the absence of these does not cause dissatisfaction, but the presence increases satisfaction. Finding a matching job is a carefree attribute. This supports the literature that recent graduates take on jobs that require less education than theirs, if the salary and career opportunities compensate for it. At the same time, it is another question to what extent compensation can be realized if the overeducated earn a lower wage than their matched counterparts. It is possible that accepting the initial lower wage is part of the strategy that the employee moving up on his career ladder will be able to earn higher, but it does not work for everyone. Among the characteristics that cannot be clearly categorized, the career option should be highlighted, which was the most mixed category. For some people, it represents a highly value added attribute and its absence causes dissatisfaction (women), for others it is very attractive and its absence is not a problem (men), but in both cases its presence increases satisfaction. However, there is a group for whom this is a critical characteristic, i.e. its existence is natural, its absence increases dissatisfaction, and this is the MSc graduates. In the case of less congruent professions, matching the field of education to the job increases satisfaction more, but its absence does not cause dissatisfaction. The relationship with colleagues has a highly value added for women, i.e. its absence causes dissatisfaction, but it is very attractive for men, in their case its absence is not a problem. Small company size is a reversal (women) or care free characteristic. Employers should therefore pay attention to career opportunities in the case of freshmen’s with higher level of education, to find and integrate an employee who fits into the company’s environment in order to ensure good relationship with colleagues, as well as to the appropriate salary, since the lack of these causes dissatisfaction among significant groups of young applicants.
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The Calculation of Social Benefits of Influenza Vaccination based on Statistical Data
6-24Views:51The goal we set in our study has had no precedent either in the Hungarian or in the international literature: our intention was to quantify the effectiveness of influenza vaccination based on facts, and to define the number of non-occurred diseases as a result of vaccination. We evaluated data from the influenza season of 2018/2019 in our study. We analyzed the available data on population, vaccination and the number of diseases, and drew objective conclusions therefrom. It was a problem that the basic data appeared in different data sets for different age groups, so we had to find a consensus between them, and establish comparable age groups. Ultimately, we defined three distinct age groups: the age group of minors (0-18 years), the economically active (19-59 years) and the age group of over 60 years. These three age groups became well distinguishable by population, vaccination, and morbidity. We described the influenza disease in general, the characteristics and variability of the influenza virus. We defined the typically affected age group, the number of patients to be treated, the trends for the past 5-10 years. The presented facts, numbers, the results of the calculations, and the conclusions drawn clearly show – excluding subjectivity – the preventive effect and effectiveness of vaccination, which was quantified for the first time in Hungarian literature.
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Analysis of the development of the Hungarian Football League through the player market
112-120Views:130Hungarian football has developed significantly since 2010, based on the state of the infrastructure or the number of footballers. As a result of the success of sports in recent years, we have been asked whether this positive change has also happened in the case of the football league. Document analysis was applied in the research, thus statistics from transfermarkt site were collected and processed. Based on this, we compared the OTP Bank League with the Czech Fortuna League. Based on the research results the Hungarian football league has gone a significant change in recent years, but it is still not among the top 30 European leagues. We can see negative trends, whether we look at the rate of foreign players or the transfer balance in recent seasons. In conclusion, we cannot talk about its general development in the case of the Hungarian football league, the club's success is mainly due to the higher quality and market value of foreign players.
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Examination of the organizational structure and the management functions of state-accredited football academies
102-111Views:193My research was aimed to investigate the organizational structure and the management functions of the state-accredited football academies in Hungary. The relenvance of this topic is given by the high amount of money flowing in to this sector, and the changes in the onganizational background. With the development of football, the clubs are working yet as companies, and this organistional frame requires a well planned structure. In my research I analized the operation of these organisations as companies, and I tried to answer the suggested questions about structure and leadership, with a comparative analysis of the academies highlighted by the national federation. I revealed what are the organizational problems faced by the academies, and which directions they have to follow to develop their companies, to ensure the safe, and long term operation. I choosed 3 from the 10 state-accredited academies to analyse their structure. The chosen clubs were the Várda Sport Egyesület, the Vasas Kubala Akadémia, and the Győri ETO FC youth base. It was important for me to represent an academy from each part of Hungary, to have the possibility to see some regional specialities. Through my study I investigated the responsibilities of the academy directors to see which were the key areas they had to enchance in their companies, and to define the differences in each organization. It was also my goal to reveal these differences have benefists or disadvantages for the operation. My main goal was to locate critical success factors needed for the modern, and proper operation. The research revealed that the three academies examined follow the traditional linear, functional organizational structure, but there are also differences in the definition of jobs and in the operation of the company. These differences are largely to be found in the local identity and the still ongoing development of the organizational background.
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The tendency to overestimate one’s own skills among young football players
40-46Views:57In today’s sport the mental preparation’s role is emerging in addition to physical training Sports psychology is being implemented and applied widely both in invidiual and team sports. From the athletes perspective one of the most important factor is that they have the right and valid self-knowledge as their performance is highly affected by this input. The main objective of my research was to reveal the self assessment attributes among the young football players. The children performed three tasks during the research; juggling, passing on gymnastics bench and then reaching the finish line after dribbling of slalom were shown. My hypotesis is that the children tend to overestimate their performance and skills before performing tasks. I’ve been used primary data collection during my research. The used applied analytical method was the one sample t-test; based on this method, we can say that the underestimation have had a higher rate when measuring juggling (which contradict to the hypotesis) while the children overestimated their performance in the slalom and the passing tasks (in these two tasks we can confirm the hypotesis).
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From the „just for the naked public good” drink to the Hungaricum; the faith of the pálinka
29-40Views:65The study is show the way how the pálinka became a national treasure. Going out to the traditions of distillation, showing the over-centuries-old, not always glorious past of the drink. As a result after the regime change the culture of pálinka consumption is changed as well. While previously only regarded as peasants' morning drink, today's premium product has been upgraded thanks to the Pálinka Act and many other factors. From 2014 onwards, every year, under the Excellence Program, the most excellent spirits are valued as "Country Tasting". Regarding the beginning of distillation, the opinions differ significantly, however, regarding the preparation of concentrated beverages, we can speak about a thousand years of tradition. It is interesting to follow that - while the alcoholists were condemned in the 19th century, and the pálinka was called "just for the naked public good" drink - how it gained recognition and increased to “Hungaricum” rank.
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Is the glass ceiling a self-fulfilling prophecy?! – Research of career opportunities among female workers
98-109Views:134„Is the glass ceiling a self-fulfilling prophecy?! – Connection between career opportunities and competencies among female workers” research has focused on the presence of women in the labor market. The objective of the questionnaire research is to assess whether women are stuck at certain career levels due to the lack of competence and motivation. During the research, I was able to gain insight into women’s attitudes towards careers, which showed a positive picture. I assessed that they were motivated, and I also got answer to the main question, that significant percentage of the 161- person sample would like to work as a leader, and they would have the appropriate skills. However, I was also told that they are building their own barriers to the workplace, many of them are happy with their current job, but not wanting more. The presence of a glass ceiling in the workplace is important to get proper attention as women make up a significant part of the labor market.
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Performance management focused social innovation in the public sector
30-39Views:84Performance management is becoming more and more important today in the everyday-life of a company or any organizations. Nowadays, the topic of performance evaluation has importance not only in the business sector but also in the public sector. Not only the interests of an organization have to be highlighted, but also those of the employees. In addition to this, in case of public service providers, their customers may have influence on performance perception. Literature in the field of performance management is very diverse but it can be stated that public service organizations have come to the forefront. In this paper a basic research is presented that contributes to the formulation of my research hypothesis.
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The presence of the social isolation on the homesteads of Hajdú-Bihar county
46-58Views:56The situation of those living on the homesteads has always been quite deprived, as they have to deal with a lot of obstacles every day, which is further aggravated by the fact that their social relations are typically low, which in many cases decreases with age as a result, social isolation with special characteristics may arise. The primary goal of my study was to assess the social isolation of the homestead inhabitants in Hajdú-Bihar County, and secondly, I sought the answer to what sociodemographic factors affect this objective state. The research was based on a survey conducted in all districts of the county, from the aggregated data of which it is possible to generalize to the degree of isolation of the homesteads. The results of the study show that every fifth homestead inhabitant of the study population can be considered socially isolated at some level.
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Investigation of folk traditions, crafts – preservation of cultural values at the Folk Art Association of Hajdú-Bihar County
9-19Views:48The mission of the Folk Art Association of Hajdú-Bihar County (the Association) is to represent the profession and the interest of contemporary folk art artists, investigate, present and develop the values of folk art crafts. Among the systematic programmes of the Association, there are research programmes, collecting materials in museums and on site, creative camps, professional further training programmes, exhibitions, organisation of regional and national conferences. Among the priority programmes of the Association, the International Pottery Festival and the Handicraft Festival of Debrecen are representative. Regarding creative houses and folk art craft workshops, artists of the Association work in the “Tímárház” studio in Debrecen and maintain workshop galleries (in the towns of Nádudvar, Hajdúszoboszló, Hajdúnánás and Balmazújváros). Of the main research projects of the Association, the following are particular focal points:
- The Association began to revive the traditions of the almost extinct “Debrecen style” pottery nearly two decades ago. As a result, nowadays eight potters are engaged in the modern interpretation of the pottery traditions of Debrecen in the town and county.
- Renewing and reviving the “cifraszűr” (embroidered felt-cloak) and clothes made by felt application technique.
- Exploring and re-teaching the traditions of “Debrecen style” wood goldsmith craft.
Our present study focuses on our ongoing research projects, results achieved so far and further plans, ways of further investigation of the above mentioned three areas.
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Study of Eating Habits among the university students in Debrecen (exploratory research)
109-120Views:103The health and health awareness are getting more and more important nowadays. By the way, there are many health trends, what could be exercise or eating habits. This is one of the more important areas, because numerous studies have confirmed that the obesity, the overweight or even musculoskeletal and chronic diseases are becoming more common in the population. There are several components of health awareness. In my research among the components I analysed the healthy, moderate eating and the consumption of nutritional supplements and vitamins. The aim of my research is to analyse the eating habits of students at the University of Debrecen. I did primary and secondary data collection during my research. The primary research will be implemented in several steps in survey. In my paper I present the results of exploratory research. Based on the first results, it can be concluded that the most students do sports and take vitamin supplements to preserve their health. Food groups were used to assess their eating habits. More than 50% of the respondents consume meat, cereals and dairy products per day. However, most students only consume vegetables or fruits several times a week, which does not meet the latest recommendations.
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Testing the employee performance prediction capability of selection tests
6-17Views:78We can find several studies about employees performance in the management literature, but it remains an interesting topic in researches in the future, due to the increasing worldwide labour shortage. Finding the suitable employees is becoming more prominent among companies due to the increasing competition. The main aim of this study is to test the capability of selection tests (ability, readiness, competence tests) to predict employee performance. In order to answer this question employees (N=50) from a Debrecen based company in service sector have been analysed. General intelligence and conflict handling style have been estimated, as well as the evaluation of the employees by their supervisors. Some biographical data were used as control variables. The statistical analysis was based on descriptive statistics and multivariate, linear regression models. Based on the results we can concluded that being a female, having a university degree or the 1-3 years of employment at the company were in positive relationship with the employees communication skills significantly; the conflict handling style ’problemsolver’ tended to increase the expected value of the problem-solving skills; general intelligence was positively connected to the expected level of the Régiókutatás Szemle 2019/1 sz. DOI: 10.30716/RSZ/2019/1/1 7 measured job-specific skills; while no significant linear relationship was detected between in MS Office skills and other variables.
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Liquidity situation of the sports enterprises in Hajdú-Bihar country
6-14Views:56Sport is one of the industries with the greatest growth potential in the world. As in any other sector, there is a growing need for measurability in sport as well as numerical support for decisions. One of the determinative decision criteria of owners and leaders is financial data, which influences the operation of the company or the assessment of investment opportunities. In present research, we examined the liquidity situation of sports enterprises in Hajdú-Bihar County. We used the OPTEN database, which contains annual reporting data for sports enterprises. In order to be more manageable, sports enterprises were grouped by revenue categories and scope of activity, along which we managed the obtained liquidity datas by aggregating and averaging. Based on the results, it can be concluded that most sports enterprises operating in the county sports sector are privately owned micro-enterprises, which have a lower turnover category and the main activity is 931 Sports services. Their liquidity position is on average favourable, they show high growth potential and they are characterized by risk-averse behaviour.
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Comparative analysis of player transfer activity in the "Big 5" European football leagues
25-35Views:71Transfer news and events generate as much, if not more, interest than the final matches of the most prestigious cup competitions. It is not uncommon for a player's playing rights (which clubs recognise as intangible assets) to change hands for sums in excess of €10 million or even €100 million, with the outstanding revenues of the most prestigious Big 5 leagues contributing greatly to the reality of these transactions. The aim of this study is to provide a comparative analysis of player transfer activity in the Big 5 leagues, focusing on the correlations and relationships between league revenues, transfer spending and revenues, using financial and player transfer data from 2017 and onwards. In terms of the extent of transactions, it can be concluded that player transfers are crucial for the financial management, profitability and stability of football clubs. Accordingly, the highest transfer spending occurs in the leagues with the highest revenue generating capacity. In total, between 2016 and 2021 - €7.5 billion will be diverted from the Big 5 leagues.
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Theoretical review of corporate communication with special attention to linguistic effects and communication noise
82-88Views:173Based on literature, the aim of this review is to provide a clear vision of the general aspects of communication, the linguistic effects in communication, and noises in organizational communication and their solutions. Regarding the review of different disciplines, the basic concept of communication appears differently; communication noises must be considered in all the cases during communication. Noise includes physical phenomena, psychological factors, but it can also be interpreted as linguistic or intellectual barriers, such as those arising from the interpretation of loanwords and different wording. In Hungary, research on the effectiveness of organizational communication has examined the effect of different wording of job advertisements in a general framework, research results on the use of loanwords and different wording are found in linguistic research.
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Impact management of overtourism in European capitals
20-33Views:62The main objective of this study is to analyse the cases of the most visited European capitals and the ones most affected by the overtourism phenomenon through the analysis of tourism in Europe. The focus of my work is to identify the actions planned or being implemented to overcome the difficulties caused by the overcrowding of tourists. I present international best practices from European capitals that have proved to be good in dealing with the situation and cases of destinations that are prepared for the emergence of overtourism based on the measures that have been implemented. Overtourism was a serious problem for many destinations before the pandemic, and once the pandemic ends, it is likely that the crowding caused by the presence of tourists will become common again. By using the results of this research, destinations can be better prepared for the arrival of tourists, with suggestions for solutions that can be used in the destinations if the number of tourists approaches or reaches the limits of social or environmental tolerance again.
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Exploring changes in employee competencies based on analysis of data from a job search page
102-113Views:277By analyzing the job offers on the KarrierM job search portal, the research sheds light on the new competence needs appearing on the labor market. In order to successfully explore this, I performed a comparative analysis between the most important competencies during the first (Pirohov-Tóth-Kiss, 2021) (N=363) and the second (current) (N= 332) examination. Taking into account the employment data of the KSH with the help of analysis, we examine the development of the most important key competences and specialized areas based on the data of the second examination, and the regional results were presented. I also explored the role of foreign language knowledge as a workplace competency and other expectations appearing in advertisements. Based on the results of the research, the most important key competencies include working independently and in a team, as well as reliability.
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Sustainment of local public transport
133-142Views:79Nowadays with cities becoming more crowded the growing ratio of public transport users is a highly important measure in the protection of our environment and the reduction of air pollution. This generates the approach that the service should become more and more user friendly, which assumes the aim of providing easy and flexible access to public transport, as an alternative in comparison with other individual travel options.The transport service fees paid by the public transport passengers by itself does not enable the service to be sustainable, because prices cannot be raised above a certain level due to the price sensitivity factor of consumers and alternative transportation solutions. In Hungary, just as in other countries of the world, the sustainability of public transportation requires a variable ratio of financial support. In order to keep the service maintainable, the support of the local governments and national governments are both essential, although the ratio can significantly differ in the Hungarian cities.
