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Rediscovery of Crepis mollis (Jacq.) Asch. subsp. hieracioides (Waldst. & Kit.) Domin in Hungary
150-156Views:85Crepis hieracioides (= C. mollis subsp. hieracioides) was described from the Bakony Mts. (Western Hungary) by Pál Kitaibel more than 200 years ago. His record has been the single one of this taxon from the territory of present-day Hungary thus far. In the second half of the 20th century this taxon was either reported as ‘extinct’ or was plainly ignored in the Hungarian literature. This paper reports about the recent rediscovery of C. mollis subsp. hieracioides in the Bakony Mts., specifically in the ‘Bakonyalja’ region (Devecser: Széki-erdő). The habitat is characterised, and the regional phytogeographical significance of this taxon is emphasised.
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The subgenus Ceratochloa (DC. et P. Beauv.) Hack. (Bromus L., Poaceae) in Hungary
44-47Views:102The subgenus Ceratochloa is a taxonomically difficult small group of the genus Bromus. The species of this subgenus are mostly native to America, and are often introduced to other continents. Two species of them, namely B. catharticus and B. carinatus have been reported from Hungary so far. Bromus catharticus was first found in Győr city in the 1910s, much later (in the 2000s) in Környe and Kálmánháza villages. The Hungarian records of B. carinatus come from Keszthely and Sopron cities. We have recently found two new occurrences of B. catharticus in the city of Pécs, South Hungary.
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Short communications
257–266Views:4821. Occurrence of Ophioglossum vulgatum in a dry loess grassland in the Tiszafüred–Kunhegyes plain (Great Hungarian Plain)
2. Dolomite rocky grassland species introduced by raw materials of a road construction (Kecskemét, Great Hungarian Plain)
3. Geranium divaricatum on the Hevesi-sík, next to Füzesabony (Great Hungarian Plain)
4. Ophrys sphegodes in the Castriferreicum (W Hungary)
5. First occurrence of Cephalanthera longifolia var. rosea in Hungary
6. Spiraea crenata in the Eastern Bakony Mts (Transdanubian Range, Hungary)
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The occurences of two ‘old-new’ alien grass species, Rostraria cristata (L.) Tzvelev and Cynosurus echinatus L. in Pécs
39-42Views:43Some small populations of Rostraria cristata and Cynosurus echinatus, two ‘old-new’ alien grass species in Hungary, were recently discovered in the city of Pécs (South Hungary). A morphological description of these species as well as a survey of their former and current localities are presented.
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The occurrence of Viola collina Besser in the Bükk and Uppony Mts. (N Hungary)
254-258Views:115Herbarium revisions and recent field observations revealed the occurrence of Viola collina Besser in the Bükk and Uppony Mts. (northern Hungary). This species has not been reported from the North Hungarian Mountains thus far. Altogether 94 localities of V. collina have been recorded in that region between 2007 and 2014. A map of the species’ local distribution is provided. Local habitat preferences of V. collina are briefly discussed.
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Data on the distribution of some protected plant species and on their presence in secondary habitats
183-199Views:1743In this paper, I publish my floristic data on some protected and strictly protected plant species collected in Hungary between 2016 and 2021. The data published in this paper cover 31 micro regions of Hungary, but most of them come from the Great Hungarian Plain, especially from Pest and Bács-Kiskun counties. I describe the occurrences of 41 protected and three strictly protected vascular plant species (two ferns and 42 flowering plants), some of which represent new data for the particular micro region or even larger geographical areas (e.g. Botrychium matricariifolium, Thlaspi alliaceum and Nasturtium officinale). For some species, the published data either come from floristically understudied areas (e.g. Ranunculus illyricus, Vinca herbacea and Cardamine amara) or are considered rare in the certain region and/or in the whole country (e.g. Apium repens, Cnidium dubium and Vicia narbonensis). For other species, the newly reported occurrences are presented as complement to the already known distribution data (e.g. Cephalanthera damasonium, C. rubra, Linaria biebersteinii, Sonchus palustris and Agrostemma githago). In support of the nature conservation actions, I provide data from the flora of some floristically understudied micro regions (e.g. Dorozsma-Majsai Sand Ridge, Bácskai Loess Plain) and try to highlight the role of canals in Hungary in species and biodiversity conservation, by the example of the Danube-Tisza canal. In this manuscript, I publish data on twelve protected plant species from the Danube-Tisza canal and its canal bank (eg. Peucedanum palustre, Carex paniculata, Clematis integrifolia).
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Distribution of Pseudoleskea saviana (De Not.) Latzel in Hungary
272–285Views:122Three new localities of the moss species Pseudoleskea saviana (De Not.) Latzel were discovered in the Börzsöny Mts in the administrative district of Perőcsény village, North Hungarian Mountains (Nagy-Hideg-hegy, near Hangyás-bérc, in the col between Csóványos and Magosfa). Small populations were found on shaded andesitic boulders in mixed deciduous forests. Up to the present, only old collections of the species were known from a single locality in the Mátra Mts; therefore, the red list status was data deficient. The morphological distinction of P. saviana from P. incurvata, its closely related congener also reported from Hungary is not always exempt from difficulties. However, the presence (P. saviana) or absence (P. incurvata) of a central strand in the stems, the shape of mid-leaf cells (P. saviana: more elongated, 3–4 times as long as wide; P. incurvata: at most twice as long as wide), as well as the shape of the outer basal cells (P. saviana: quadrate or shortly rectangular; P. incurvata: transversely elongated) seem to be reliable distinctive features.
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The Wildflower of the Year 2016 in Hungary: snake's head fritillary (Fritillaria meleagris)
79–100Views:757In this paper a short review of the nomenclature and etymology, taxonomy, morphology, histology, life cycle, phenology, reproduction, habitat preference, biotic interactions, biologically active compounds, micropropagation, applications possibilities and conservation status of snake's head fritillary (Fritillaria meleagris L.) can be found. Refining of the European distribution area and contributions to the distribution in Hungary are also presented. Primer seed-set, thousand-seed weight, soil charac¬teristic and demographic data are published.
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The Sea milkwort (Glaux maritima) in the Carpathian Basin
10-20Views:286Sea milkwort (Glaux maritima L.) is a broadly distributed species in the northern hemisphere, inhabiting primarily maritime habitats from the arctic to the temperate zones. It is also found inland in semi-arid and arid regions with saline soils. Its status in the Carpathian Basin has become very uncertain owing to the lack of known extant populations. To evaluate its current status, I review all known occurrences within the Carpathian Basin where this species has been recorded or collected, and report five new localities of the species in Hungary, all in the western part of the Great Hungarian Plain. I also analyze habitat relationships of the species using traditional phytosociological relevés. Review of species distribution data in the Carpathian Basin revealed that sea milkwort has undergone severe reduction in population number and disappeared from many localities. Currently, only a few populations can be found in this region: the Northern Carpathians in Slovakia and the western part of the Great Plain in Hungary. In Transylvania (Romania), only a single population has been reported recently suggesting the critical status of the species there. Features of the habitats confirm the halophytic nature of the species and its fidelity to wet saline meadows. Its common accompanying species are mostly broadly distributed, salt-tolerant plants. Heterogeneity of the samples in species composition suggests that sea milkwort is not a habitat-specialist species. Several of its common associates in Hungary are also found in sea milkwort habitats in Mongolia, Asia and Utah, North America. Based on the available evidence, sea milkwort shall be considered a severely threatened plant in the Carpathian Basin. Characteristics of the vegetation in its habitats do not explain its occurrence in mountainous environments.
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Floristic data from the northern edge of the floristic region ‘Crisicum’ (NE Hungary) II.: Borsodi-ártér és Sajó–Hernád-sík
169–186Views:343In this paper we provide new floristic data for 126 species and one hybrid from the Borsod Plain and the Sajó–Hernád Interfluve (Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén county, Northeast Hungary) observed between 2006 and 2019. A significant proportion of the data is related to gravel mining activities in the area. We present new localities for rare or sporadic native taxa in Hungary (e.g. Chenopodium murale, Ch. rubrum, Lycopsis arvensis, Chamaenerion dodonaei, Reseda luteola, Senecio viscosus, Gnaphalium luteoalbum, Cyperus glomeratus) as well as rare or sporadic adventive weeds (e.g. Lepidium densiflorum, L. virginicum). We publish additions to the distribution of several legally protected species (e.g. Pseudolysimachion longifolium, Nymphoides peltata, Epipactis tallosii, Leucanthemella serotina). Presence of some taxa is remarkable regarding to the flora of the whole area of Crisicum (Sherardia arvensis, Thymelaea passerina, Silene conica) or the Great Hungarian Plain (Monotropa hypopitys).
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Floristic data from Lengyel–Hőgyész Natura 2000 site (SW Hungary)
31–38Views:127This paper presents occurrence data of 169 taxa from the Lengyel–Hőgyész Natura 2000 site (HUDD20026) which is on the southern part of Tolna Hills, SW Hungary. Data were collected during three years (2015, 2016, 2017), on different sites annually. The presented data contribute to the distribution dataset of Atlas florae Hungariae. Regionally rare or sporadic species (e.g. Asplenium scolopendrium, Asplenium trichomanes, Polystichum setiferum, Doronicum hungaricum, Paris quadrifolia, Scilla vindobonensis) are enumerated. Presence of Epipactis leptochila subsp. neglecta and Platanthera chlorantha were not registered from this site before. Subspecies of Carex divulsa are also studied on this site – distribution of these infraspecific taxa have not been mapped recently in Hungary.
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Vaccinium microcarpum (Turcz. ex Rupr.) Schmalh. in Hungary
71–76Views:85The plant that was reported as Vaccinium oxycoccos L. from the Nyírjes-tó (Sirok village, NE Hungary) in 1994 was subsequently (1999) identified as Vaccinium microcarpum (Turcz. ex Rupr.) Schmalh. by the first author of this article. To substantiate this identification morphometric data were collected and analysed from Vaccinium specimens occurring in the Sphagnum dominated mires of Nyírjes-tó (Sirok vilage) and Nyíres-tó as well as Báb-tava (Bereg-plain) in September 2016. Field photographs taken previously at the localities of Bereg-plain were also used for identification. The leaves of the Sirok plants are smaller, ovate-triangular, i.e. widest near base. The ovate-elliptic bracteoles are inserted on the basal third of the glabrous pedicels. The flowers are solitary, and have dark pink corollas and hairy filaments on the whole abaxial surface. The fruit is pyriform. In contrast to the Sirok plants, those of the Bereg-mires have clearly larger and ovate-elliptic leaves. The filiform bracteoles are inserted on the middle third of the minutely hairy pedicels. The whitish flowers are grouped in clusters of (2)–3–4–(5), i.e. they form an inflorescence. The filaments are hairy only on the margins of the abaxial surface. The fruit is globular. The statistical analysis confirmed that the Sirok plants belong to V. microcarpum, whereas the Bereg-plain plants represent V. oxycoccos.
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A new, remarkable population of Epipactis placentina found near Parádsasvár village (Mátra Mts, NE Hungary)
247–248Views:190The present paper surveyes the Hungarian records of Epipactis placentina Bongiorni & Grünanger, which is the rarest Epipactis species in Hungary. Currently, E. placentina is known only at Parádsasvár village in the country. This population (ca. 40 generative individuals) was found in 2019, in an old beech forest, in northern exposition.
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Distribution of Calamagrostis stricta (Timm) Koeler in the Southern Nyírség (E Hungary)
188-196Views:130This study presents the current distribution of narrow small-reed (Calamagrostis stricta (Timm) Koeler) in the southern part of Nyírség (E Hungary). Beyond the efforts to confirm previously known occurrences, a high number of potential habitats were surveyed. Field work was carried out from late autumn to early spring taking advantage of the better perceptibility of dry foliage. The species was detected in 43 localities inside the boundary of 15 settlements, which considerably exceeded our expectations. Although most of the populations were quite small, in some cases their extent reached over 1000 m². Populations around the settlements of Penészlek, Fülöp and Nyírábrány were the most frequent and the largest in size. The endangered status of the species is caused by the insufficient water supply of suitable habitats in the region. Besides habitat change, desiccation can also amplify the effect of anthropogenic disturbances (e.g. ploughing, fishpond development), which poses a further threat to populations.
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Sphaerocarpos michelii, a new liverwort species in Hungary
19-25Views:171Until now, the genus Sphaerocarpos, which can be recognized at first glance due to its characteristic appearance, was represented in Hungary by S. europaeus only, for which a single old record exists. In January 2022 the other widely distributed European congener, S. michelii Bellardi, was discovered on an arable field of lucerne in Somogy county. We report the habitat characteristics of the single known population of S. michelii in Hungary, describe the morphology of the species and deal with the differentiation of the two Sphaerocarpos species. In order to facilitate species identification, we include light and electron micrographs showing essential details of the spore surface of S. michelii.
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Taxonomic revision of alien Ludwigia species in Hungary
153–164Views:225Some tropical Ludwigia species have been planted as ornamentals in Hungarian thermal springs since the 1920s. Although they have become naturalised or even invasive in a few places, their specific identity remained generally uncertain. Our herbarium and field studies revealed that three species of alien water-primroses occur in Hungary. The most frequently planted one is Ludwigia repens, which is, however, a sporadic species in its native distribution area. We have found this species in several parts of the country. Although a few escaped and self-sustaining populations were also observed, this species has appeared to be non-invasive so far. Ludwigia grandiflora appeared in Hungary at the beginning of the 2000s. At the moment it is known from three localities, though spreading rapidly, becoming already invasive in its locality at Tata city. A similar species, L. peploides has recently been reported from two localities, where it forms small stands; the success of its naturalisation can be assessed in the future. We found no evidence for the Hungarian occurrence of L. alterniflora that had been published from Eger city. Therefore we suggest deleting this species from the current Hungarian checklist.
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Contributions to the flora of the Danube River in Komárom-Esztergom and Fejér counties (Hungary)
157–168Views:252The present paper focuses on the aquatic and Nanocyperion vegetation of the Danube floodplain. Most of the data show the results of the surveys in 2019 at low water levels. The Nanocyperion and aquatic vegetation of the Komárom-Esztergom County section is relatively well researched compared to the Fejér County section which was previously poorly known. In the last decade, two rare species – Hippuris vulgaris and Hydrocharis morsus-ranae – have disappeared between Gönyű and Neszmély (Komárom-Esztergom County). In contrast, several new invasive plants have appeared: Salvinia molesta, Myriophyllum aquaticum, Limnobium laevigatum, and Crassula helmsii (first record from Hungary). Vallisneria spiralis and Elodea canadensis were detected again after several decades. Elodea nuttallii and Azolla sp. have become more widespread and abundant than previously. New and uncommon Nanocyperion species were the native and protected Lindernia procumbens and the invasive Lindernia dubia. New invasive plants in the studied Danube sections were: Cyperus esculentus, Euphorbia maculata, and Eleusine indica. The native Veronica catenata and Schoenoplectus triqueter have become more widespread than before. Polygonum graminifolium was an interesting find of open pebble surfaces in several parts of the examined area, which has no recent records in Hungary from before 2015 (published here).
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Survey on the bryophyte flora of the kurgans along the river Hernád (Hungary)
153–161Views:402This paper presents the results of the first bryofloristic survey in kurgans from North East Hungary. Altogether 41 taxa (1 liverwort and 40 mosses) were recorded from nine burial mounds. The most frequent mosses were Brachythecium rutabulum, Tortula acaulon var. acaulon and Barbula unguiculata from the localities. I found several infrequent bryophyte species on the surveyed Hungarian kurgans, such as Acaulon muticum, Acaulon triquetrum, Pterygoneurum subsessile, Riccia ciliata, Tortula caucasica, Trichostomum brachydontium and Trichostomum crispulum. There was no correlation between the number of bryophytes and the area of the kurgans. The proportion of the annual shuttle life strategy, i.e. species with a very short life span, is relatively high compared to other recent studies from Hungary (e.g. Buda arboretum and Balaton village), thereby these habitats may be potential refuges for ephemeral bryophytes.
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Contributions to the lichen flora of the Mecsek Mts (South Hungary)
16–26Views:65A checklist of 115 lichen taxa was compiled from the Mecsek Mts, based on floristical records of 221 old or recently collected herbarium specimens (incl. 37 duplicates) deposited in the JPU herbarium (Pécs, Hungary). The occurrence of 22 taxa are new for the Mecsek Mts: Arthopyrenia cinereopruinosa, Baeomyces rufus, Candelariella reflexa, Catapyrenium rufescens, Cladonia macilenta, Dimerella pineti, Hypogymnia tubulosa, Ochrolechia arborea, Pleurosticta acetabulum, Pseudevernia furfuracea, Psilolechia lucida, Pycnothelia papillaria, Rinodina sophodes, Tomasellia arthonioides, Toninia candida, Trapelia involuta, Varicellaria hemisphaerica, Verrucaria marmorea, V. nigrescens, V. parmigera, Xanthoparmelia conspersa, X. verruculifera. One legally protected lichen species (Peltigera leucophlebia) is also represented by two specimens.
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Contributions to the Atlas Florae Hungariae VI.
87-102Views:202The current paper is the sixth one in the series aiming to contribute with new distribution data to the distribution maps published recently in Atlas Florae Hungariae. Current occurrence data of 389 vascular plant taxa from 117 flora mapping quadrates (CEU) are provided. New records are indicated from different regions of Hungary; however, most occurrences are located in the North Hungarian Mts and from the city of Szolnok and Western Hungary. Occurrence data of rare native taxa (including data of Equisetum fluviatile, Galium rivale, Gladiolus imbricatus, Hypericum maculatum, Persicaria bistorta, Potentilla inclinata, Ranunculus lingua, Rhinanthus rumelicus, Trifolium fragiferum subsp. bonannii, Viola pumila), rare or data-deficient alien taxa (e.g. Amaranthus blitum subsp. blitum, Cymbalaria muralis, Elymus elongatus, Euphorbia peplus, Heracleum sosnowskyi, Impatiens balfourii, Lepidium densiflorum, Rhus typhina, Telekia speciosa), as well as frequent but more or less underrepresented taxa (e.g. Carex otrubae, Chenopodium polyspermum, Crepis tectorum, Filipendula vulgaris, Petrorhagia prolifera, Poa palustris) are also enumerated. In case of the most common species we provided the CEU codes only.
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Spreading along the railways: morphology and invasion success of Vulpia ciliata in Hungary
145–156Views:422Vulpia ciliata Dumort, a widespread species in the Mediterranean region, has been introduced in several European countries in recent decades, mainly along railways. The species was first discovered in Hungary at Szolnok railway station in May 2016, then a few days later at Keleti railway station in Budapest. In 2020 the species was found in several Transdanubian railway stations. Apparently, V. ciliata has recently been established in numerous parts of the country, probably spreading by railway transport. Until now, the species has only been found in the vicinity of regularly used tracks (in a distance of 20 m at the most). Being an invasive alien species, V. ciliata can displace the native Vulpia myuros in ruderal vegetation along railway lines. The species can easily be distinguished from V. myuros by its hairy lemma. Moreover, it flowers earlier than the other two indigenous species in Hungary, often already in late April. Based on the characteristics examined (number of nodes in the upper 2 cm zone of the rachis, number of fruits per spikelet, rate of fertile and sterile florets within the spikelet, lower and upper glume length, lemma and awn length separately, rachis width in the upper 2 cm zone) we have concluded that V. bromoides and V. myuros are less different from each other than V. ciliata from these two species. In the case of V. ciliata subsp. ciliata, we observed that spikelets (detached from the inflorescens) function as dispersal units. Therefore we assume that the observed low fertility rate within the spikelets, as well as the presence of marginal cilia on lemmas promote the spreading success of V. ciliata (spreading in clusters, anemochory, zoochory, anthropochory). Its early maturation (in May) can also facilitate its spread along railways, because the populations survive the chemical weed control usually carried out in late spring. The other two Hungarian species usually ripen later (in June). For the time being, the spread of V. ciliata outside the Hungarian railway network may be hindered by climatic conditions, or by the lack of seasonal weed control outside that network, which otherwise offers a relative survival advantage for V. ciliata along railway tracks.
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A new montane bryophyte species from the Mátra Mts, Hungary: Hymenoloma crispulum
11-18Views:193Due to the geomorphological situation and climatic conditions of Hungary, true montane climate is restricted to very few and small areas of higher elevation, with the highest peak (Mt Kékes, 1014 m) in the Mátra Mountains (North Central Hungary). During a bryofloristical survey in this region, a few cushions of a Boreo-arctic montane bryophyte species, Hymenoloma crispulum (Hedw.) Ochyra (syn.: Dicranoweisia crispula (Hedw.) Milde), was discovered at the steep northern slope of Mt. Kékes in an andesite boulder scree with cool and humid microclimate. H. crispulum is new to the Hungarian bryoflora and fits in well with other co-occurring vascular and cryptogamic taxa of northern-montane affinities. The population is very small and vulnerable, therefore it should be rated 'critically endangered' (CR) in an updated national red list.
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Short communications
257-260Views:1101. Crataegus rosaeformis Janka subsp. rosaeformis in Cserehát (NE Hungary)
2. Epipactis pseudopurpurata Mered’a in Gödöllő hill (N Hungary)
3. Occurrence of Sedum caespitosum (Cav.) DC. near Vésztő (E Hungary)
4. New occurrences of Sherardia arvensis L. and Asplenium scolopendrium L.
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Distribution and identification key of Rubus L. ser. Micantes in Hungary
56-68Views:59Based on a substantial field-work and herbarium revision carried out between 2007 and 2014, the authors present the taxonomical evaluation of recently known representatives of Rubus L. ser. Micantes Sudre in Hungary, providing the first grid-based distribution maps and an identification key of four species of the section (Rubus balatonicus Borbás, R. clusii Borbás, R. styriacus Halácsy, R. tabanimontanus Figert) for Hungary.
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The Herbarium of Debrecen University (DE) II.: The „Zoltán Siroki Herbarium”
15-22Views:364The paper introduces the “Zoltán Siroki Herbarium” (on the basis of the MS Excel spreadsheet database of the collection) which is a separate section within the Herbarium of Debrecen University (DE). The Zoltán Siroki Herbarium consists of ca. 20 000 specimens from almost all European countries, but mainly from the historical territory of Hungary. Although ca. 400 botanists contributed to this collection, most of the specimens were collected by Zoltán Siroki in Hajdú-Bihar, Pest and Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén counties. The most rapid growth of the Herbarium took place in the middle of the last century (from the 1940s to 1960s), but Siroki remained an active collector until the 1980s. Some specimens from the Herbarium of former Royal Seed Testing Station (Budapest) was also incorporated in this collection; they represent gatherings from the last decades of the 19th century and first decades of the 20th century. Data on the most significant part of the collection, representing native plants collected in the present-day Hungary, are summarized in Electronic Appendix 1. (incl. taxon name, settlement, collecting year, collector, file name of documentary photograph).