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• Features of Knowledge Intensive Business Services from Innovation Aspects

  147-156

  Sandor Nagy

  Views:

  143

  Based on the innovation approach to services this paper defines knowledge intensive business services and gives an overview of their features from innovation perspectives. It finds that different service activities are related to innovation systems to varying extents. Compared to other sectors, services lack stimulative institutional and other formal support systems that may act not only as knowledge centres for companies but could also contribute to both the protection and spread of innovation. In contrast with production, the absence of an efficient protection of intellectual property indicates a significant risk in the service sector, and hinders optimal knowledge transfer and results in waste and duplication in innovation efforts.

  Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) Classification: O31, O32, L84

• Role of the organizational factors in the success of Hungarian SMEs

  108-125

  Aniko Almasi

  Views:

  686

  This paper analyses the success of the Hungarian SME sector from the aspect of competitiveness, innovation, organizational background and the role of the leader/owner. The author summarizes the organizational innovation specialties of the SMEs based on four empirical researches and own case-study. The conclusion is the organizational innovation characteristically fades into the background of SME operation, development purposes and strategy. The role of the firm owner-leader is essential in these topics. Meanwhile the inflexibility of the organization, loyalty of the employees, labor market disadvantages, the knowledge level and competency of the human resources, its effect on the efficiency are often limit the expansion. These factors have significant influence on the success and competitiveness of the company. Therefore, the paper analyses the organizational innovation and background according to the company success, and the leader-based decision-making procedures, and processes, and evaluates the results of secondary research based on these. The novelty of the empirical research method is the search for GAPs between the leader and the organization and their correlation with success and attitude towards innovation.

  Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) codes: M14

• Is the strategic thinking characteristic of SMEs in the North Hungarian Region? – experiences of a survey

  88-100

  Katalin Takacsne Gyorgy

  Istvan Takacs

  Views:

  134

  Regional differences can be observed in the economic importance of small and medium sized enterprises. The research covers the small and medium enterprises within the North Hungarian Region, based on a questionnaire carried out in the autumn of 2011. We examine the existence of a conscious strategic vision of the future and their innovative capability. The low economic activity, the low proportion of industrial enterprises, which is below the national average, and low professional skills are typical of the region. Those managers who have a conscious strategy reported above average profitability. We revealed a correlation between the depth of strategy knowledge and the existence of a formalized strategy, paying attention to the role of education and skills. The knowledge and the acceptance of innovational cooperation opportunities (innovational nets) are at a low-level in the region. Besides strategic thinking, one key element for strengthening the sector is continuous renewal, innovation, observing best practice, and imitating it.

  Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) classifications: D220

• Empirical analysis of the relationship between the attitudes of domestic researchers and their economic results

  20-38

  Laszlo Szigethy

  Views:

  115

  The study analyses the attitudes towards intellectual property management and innovation attitudes of researchers in Hungarian public research organizations and the different types of economic results they achieve in an empirical way by pointing out the close relationships among them. During the analysis, a form of researcher typology will be developed based on clusters which were formed by the attitudes of researchers. The principal components
  were created from the attitude variables and served as dimensions. The research is primarily aimed at testing two hypotheses. On the one hand, these researcher clusters have significantly different economic characteristics and on the other hand, the cluster which has the most favourable attitudes in terms of the economic exploitation of research results has the greatest economic performance. In the course of the research the results basically confirmed both hypotheses.

  Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) classifications: O32, O34, D01

• Classical liberalism, democracy, and economic growth: a hypothesis about the Lipset hypothesis

  5-30

  Pál Czeglédi

  Views:

  227

  Does economic growth create democracy, as suggested by the proposition known as the Lipset hypothesis? According to this paper, for the Lipset hypothesis to be valid, it is sufficient for an ideological and a technological condition to be fulfilled. The ideological condition is that the political agenda-setting ideology should be classical liberalism, which can be characterised as combining an aversion towards democracy with a positive assessment of economic and civil liberties. The technological condition is that the country in question should be advanced enough in the technological sense, because in such a country there is no economic growth without innovation maintained by a free market for ideas. Logit regressions run with panel data show that in the period up until the early 20th century a higher per capita income increases the probability of a democratic regime change, but afterwards it does not. The explanation is that before the early 20th century the two conditions were met, but they were not met in those countries that were about to become democratic after the first two decades of the 20th century.

  Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) codes: D70, O11, O43

• White collar outsourcing: phenomena of offshore outsourcing

  41-60

  Gyorgy Bogel

  Views:

  176

  Offshoring is the migration of part or all of the value chain to a low-cost location many times far from the home country. The development of information technology and telecommunications makes it possible and pressure on costs make it a must for many corporations and other institutions in the developed world. The present transfer of white-collar jobs and processes is an important trend of the infocom innovation wave. Developing countries have started to compete for outsourced jobs and business processes, business models of offshoring develop fast. It is not easy to predict all potential consequences but there will be winners and losers of this structural change.

• Some characteristics of the connection between the economy and higher education - results of empirical research

  149-178

  Istvan Polonyi

  Views:

  107

  In this study we try to introduce some lessons drawn from an empirical research project which was made within the framework of the Gabor Baross Program's project, "Facilitation of Knowledge Transfer for Enhancement of Competitiveness of the North Great Plain Region by the Founding of the Innovation Knowledge Center". This part of the research tries to examine the demand for higher education among the actors in the economy. First the paper shows those results of the research which measured firms' knowledge of the Bologna process, and the main goals of the new form of education, and the knowledge structure and competencies connected to the creation of the individual education levels. Following this the article examines requirements from higher education, and the opportunity for developing the connections between educational institutions and the economy.

• Competitive adavntages: Theory and corporate practice

  51-70

  Gabor Hovanyi

  Views:

  140

  The competitive advantage achieved by a company basically influences its profitability and market position. The article shows that in addition to this the evaluation has many other criteria, and the management must consider these when defining competitive adavantage. The study explains that as a result of the acceleration of technological and economic development, the globalization of economic processes, and the evaluation of networks of interdepedence, the management have to face new types of competitive advantage. To choose between these the management has to consider competitive vulnerability. Following this the article attempts to summarize the basic law of the theory of competitive advantage, before introducing the most important management techniques for the selection of competitive advantage. Finally, the study emphasizes that the key factor in  achieving a competitive edge and the success of different management techniques is the CEO, and through the model of the "CEO's personality pyramid" it explains the requirements that the manager has to meet.

  Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) classification: O30, O32

• Parallel Organizational and Technology Innovation: Designing Organizations following SOA Principles

  5-19

  György Bögel

  Peter Krauth

  Views:

  168

  Technology development in general and trends and developments in infocommunication technologies in particular have a direct effect on corporate organizational processes. In information system design, Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) provides a set of principles and methodologies for designing software in the form of interoperable services with defined business functionalities. These loosely coupled components can be reused for different purposes, and can be combined with services bought from outside partners and other service providers. The goal of this study is to describe how SOA principles and
  methods can be used for designing business organizations, i.e. socio-technical systems with human and machine components. Part one is a general overview of SOA as it is used in IT, part two explains how IT systems converge with corporate organizations, and part three presents a model for an organization designed and managed following SOA principles. The research project behind this article was initiated by the Hungarian Post.

  Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) classifications: L14, L22, L86, M15

• The Conditions of and Requirements for the Formation of Clusters in Biotechnology

  118-131

  Dávid Domonkos

  Views:

  110

  In this article, with the help of the value chain model, I explain the functioning of biotech clusters. The “cluster” phrase was originally defined by Porter. In my opinion, the problem with Porter’s and other classical definitions of a cluster is that they are static, whereas the main feature of clusters’ is actually their dynamic nature. This is the reason why the following should also be included in the definition:
  – clusters emerge in a turbulent way: processes cannot be foreseen due to the lack of linearity.
  – a cluster, however, is a kind of an arena, because dense and changing vertical input-output relations and connections between horizontal organizations always generate a sort of a need for change.
  – clusters cause changes in the innovation policy, as they support the evolution of a policy which is appropriate for cluster formation. That is, they act as catalysts for the formation of better conditions.
  Accordingly, Porter’s original definition needs modification.

  JEL classification: O32, L25, L65, D80

• The Complexity of Technological Progress: Empirical evidence in the European Union

  23-34

  Julianna Csugany

  Views:

  128

  The author examines the role of institutions in technological change on the basis of an understanding of the macroeconomic context of technological progress. The empirical study aims to demonstrate the macroeconomic relationship between economic growth, technological progress and institutions, using data from the member states of the European Union. This paper constructs a statistical model which accommodates the complexity of technological progress and contributes to the analysis of its different aspects. It concludes that the elements of the technological environment and an emphasis on the protection of property rights play an essential role in understanding the effects of technological progress on economic growth.

  Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) classifications: O11, O34, O43

• The Concept of Innovative Fiscal Policy: Theory and Empirical Evidence

  Oliver Kovacs

  Views:

  120

  This contribution addresses the question of what are the main constituents of an innovative fiscal policy in the context of sustainability. We apply the concept of sustaining and disruptive innovation to fiscal policy. On the one hand, innovative fiscal policy is able to be sustaining whereby public finance will incrementally improve without leaving its decisive structure. On the other hand, innovative fiscal policy should be disruptive as well in the context of long term sustainability, whereby the structure of public finances can be profoundly restructured as a reaction to future challenges. By using the Finnish recovery in the early 1990s, we can refine our argument about the use and necessity of the mixture of fiscal rules and independent institutions in favour of fiscal sustainability. We also shed light on the key sources of the expansionary consolidation that emerged in the aftermath of the fiscal adjustment in the early 1990s. We emphasise that innovative fiscal policy with a mixture of legislated fiscal rules and independent fiscal anchor is more likely to be associated with sustainability if the economy has weaker growth potential which does not provide enough social trust towards the consolidation efforts of the government.

  Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) classification: E61, E62, Q01

• The shift from Office to Customer Oriented Culture: the Case of the Hungarian Post: Liberalizáció és szervezeti változások a postai szektorban

  143-158

  Eva Farkas

  Maria Petrovics

  Views:

  235

  The case study is conducted within the framework of organizational change and organization innovation, and examines the changes in knowledge requirements and the alterations caused by the liberalization generated by the Magyar Posta Zrt. The study focuses on the transformation of official attitudes, the make up of the required knowledge and how organizational changes have facilitated the development of a customer-oriented organizational structure. Based on the interviews conducted, the conclusion is that the process of “providing service ex-officio” has not yet been completed, but the employees are increasingly becoming involved in a client-centred approach. On the management level the preservation of the hierarchy and the status quo have more importance than the expression of the new organizational values.

  Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) classifications: D23, M14