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Survey of the Application Fields and Modeling Methods of Automotive Vehicle Dynamics Models
196-209Views:188In this paper, a review is presented on automotive vehicle dynamics modeling. Applied vehicle dynamics models from various application fields are analyzed and classified in the first section. Vehicle dynamics models may be simplified because of different reasons: several control/estimation/analysis methods are suitable only for simplified models (e.g. using control-oriented models), or because of the computational cost. Detailed/truth models of vehicle dynamics represent another field of vehicle dynamics modeling, these models play an important role in the virtual prototyping of vehicles. In the second section, the main modeling considerations of vehicle dynamics are presented in longitudinal, lateral and vertical directions. Various physical effects must be considered in the case of vehicle dynamics modeling, a lot of these effects are significant only in a specific direction of the vehicle body, which is the main potential of model simplification. The section presents vehicle modeling considerations in all of the three translational directions of the vehicle body.
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Using the Photostress Method to Determine the Residual Stresses
24-38Views:131Strains and stresses in loaded and photoelastically coated structural members can be determined using the PhotoStress method. The quantitative values of variations in the principal strains (stresses) and their directions could be employed to get the strain or stress components field on the entire coated surface. In the PhotoStress experiment, isochromatic fringes give qualitative and quantitative information. It provides a source of information on the directions and magnitudes of principal strain and principal normal stress on the surface of photoelastic coated parts. This article reviews the principle of using PhotoStress analysis to measure the residual stress and provides the boundary condition of using this method.
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Maintenance of Electric and Hybrid Vehicles
37-46Views:446An electric car is a vehicle powered by one or more electric engines, utilizing energy stored within batteries that are rechargeable. The first register of a usable electrical vehicle dates from 1880s. A hybrid vehicle incorporates two or more different power types, including, e.g., gasoline engines and electric motor. The goal in this work is to present the overall overview of the structure of the electric, hybrid and electric-hybrid vehicles, advantages and disadvantages of these types, the main points to focus when maintaining these and the challenges involved in its production and maintenance.
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Improving Safety & Ride Comfort through Dual Suspension System in Road Vehicles
30-36Views:148The essential objective of the proposed suspension framework is to limit the undesired disturbance of a vehicle because of uneven surfaces on streets. This framework in vehicles is comprise of some fundamental components like dampers and springs which ingests the stuns that are instigated by unusual streets. In any case, these frameworks can just work up to a predefined constrain. Vehicle suspension frameworks are planned by taking the solace capacity of a traveler in record and to enhance the street grasp on each surface.
This examination proposes an idea for structuring a superior suspension arrangement of vehicles to upgrade the nature of the drive without corrupting the dependability of the vehicle plan. In this exploration, a mix of two suspension framework is presented in which one goes about as an essential suspension while different fills in as an optional framework that can adequately lessen the vibrations. This mix upgrades the customary framework that is right now introduced in vehicles without bargaining on solace and street hold.
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Survey of the Dynamic Modeling Methods of Light Vehicles
723-727Views:196Vehicle dynamics models can be classified into two groups based on the model simplification. There are simplified models based on neglections, these models do not contain all body directions: longitudinal, lateral and vertical directions. There are several reasons for the simplification: control, estimation and analysis methods can be used only with simplified models, or another reason is the computational cost. Apart from simplified models, there are detailed/truth vehicle dynamics models which aim is to provide a virtual plant of the real vehicle for virtual prototype-based development. In this paper, some simplified vehicle models are presented, after a short introduction.
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Vehicle Modelling and Simulation in Simulink
260-265Views:381In this paper a vehicle dynamics model is presented, which is an example that contains all the necessary aspects of making a decent vehicle model. Several examples show the use of such a model: basic vehicle dynamics phenomena can be recognized with the simulation of a detailed vehicle model. We are dealing with the connection between downforce and under/oversteer in this paper. In addition, the use of numerical simulations in the field of control systems is pointed out by an example of simulating an ABS control for the vehicle.
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Examining the Movement Differences in the Behavior of Normal and Rack Railway Vehicle
96-103Views:246The rack railway is a special type of railroad. There weren”t much built worldwide, and their number is decreasing. Now, in Budapest, there is a possibility to create an interoperable vehicle, based upon the experience gained from the previously operated line, and all the research regarding its unique characteristics. One from the many important sector of its operation, is the rail/rack/vehicle system. Its mechanical model is far more complex than a traditional railroad vehicle. We will demonstrate its behaviorial differences from a traditional railroad vehicle.
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Introduction to Design and Analysis of Torsional Vibration Dampers in Vehicle Industry
310-324Views:298The crankshaft of today’s internal combustion engines with high performance output are exposed to harmful torsional oscillations originated from the unbalanced gas and inertial forces. To avoid the fatigue damage of engine components, caused by the undesired vibrations, torsional vibration dampers can be applied. Viscodampers are one type of the torsional vibration dampers, which operational fluid is silicone oil. For cost-effective R&D activities and production, finite element and finite volume numerical discretization methods based calculation techniques must be involved into the engineering work supported by the modern computer technology. The aim of this paper is to provide an insight into the multidisciplinary design and development process of visco-dampers in vehicle industry applications. Four different examples as structural, fatigue, CFD analyses and structural optimization have been introduced in the present work. It turned out from the static structural and fatigue analyses, that the investigated damper has safety factor over the limit for both static structural and fatigue analyses, so it is suitable for the given load conditions. In the structural optimization process 34.36% mass reduction has been achieved. According to the coupled fluid dynamic and heat transfer simulations a rather stagnating air zone evolved between the engine and the damper during the operation, which can cause efficiency reduction of cooling fins mounted onto the housing. In light of the numerical results, the suitable damper position has been determined for the highest heat transfer.
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Dynamic Tests on a Series Wound DC Motor. Simulation of the Braking of the Vehicle Driven by the Motor
15-20Views:72In the following we present the role and contribution of vehicle dynamics simulation to vehicle development in the University of Debrecen Faculty of Engineering. We present the input technical parameters which are necessary for the simulation of the series wound DC motor – which drives the vehicle – and also the procedure for their measurement together with the results of dynamic test measurements on the motor. The latest version of our vehicle dynamics simulation program –which is capable of the simulation of braking too – is also presented here.
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Investigating the Effects of Active Cooling in 3D Printing
39-47Views:1143D printing is an increasingly widespread manufacturing process. With the development of machines and materials, the technology is becoming more accessible and easier to use. However, the technology's specificities mean that it requires knowledge of manufacturing technology. In some cases, it is necessary to solidify the freshly deposited layers as soon as possible in the event of large overhangs. This can be achieved by active cooling, which in turn can affect the material properties of the part. This research investigates the effects of active cooling during production.
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Utilization of 3D Printing in Replacement of Basic Plastic Workpieces
274-282Views:174In the experiment, a 3D printed cogwheel is made using the FDM technology to replace a broken part in a sewing machine. The aim of the project is to examine if a 3D model can be created and manufactured using only entry-level technical knowledge and tools. By the end of the article, it will be apparent that creating functioning plastic parts with a hobby 3D printer and basic CAD experience is very much possible.
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Vehicle Dynamics Simulation in Matlab/Simulink Environment
36-41Views:234In the following we are researching different methods of vehicle dynamics simulations. Starting from a simple two-wheeled vehicle model, we are showing ways to simulate the movement of vehicles with real suspensions on any surfaces. MATLAB, Simulink and Simscape provide very suitable resources for the above mentioned purposes. The benefits of such vehicle model become obvious because of the fact during the physics simulation we can access all the data we need to simulate any control algorithms for vehicles: in this article we are presenting a simple ABS control simulation.
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Artificial Intelligence Possibilities in Vehicle Industry
148-154Views:236There have been several attempts during the last decades to extend the ranges of application of artificial intelligence. The aim of the development for AI is to replace human intelligence and experience. The ultimate aim for machines and vehicles is to run much more efficiently and with higher reliability than ever before. The Artificial Techniques (AI) used a wide range of expert systems to optimize problems. Hybrid intelligent management systems have become increasingly influential in artificial intelligence during the last decades. As a result, maintenance and fleet management systems have undergone significant development. By choosing adequate maintenance or operating strategy and taking user behaviour into consideration, these systems can not only increase the reliability and efficiency of vehicles but can also result in financial savings. The paper tries to discusses the applications of AI techniques in predictive maintenance and vehicle industry.
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Vehicle dynamics modelling of an electric driven race car
106-114Views:102In the following we are presenting a vehicle dynamics simulation program developed in MATLAB environment. The program is capable of calculating the dynamics functions of a vehicle from its technical data. The program has been successfully applied for the optimization of the technical data of an electric driven race car that was designed and constructed at the Department of Mechanical Engineering of the University of Debrecen.
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Longitudinal Dynamic Simulation Possibilities of Vehicles Using AVL Cruise M
743-748Views:216For creating vehicle dynamic simulations, in most cases, an appropriate software is required to help the dynamic model design. For this purpose several kinds of software are available in the market with different properties and user interfaces. In this article a leading simulation software of the market, AVL Cruise M, is shortly presented.
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Improvement of High Strength Automotive Steels Wettability Properties Using CO2 Laser Surface Treatment
422-427Views:144As a result of stricter environmental and safety standards, vehicle manufacturers have to reduce the weight of the vehicles, because 10% weight loss cause 8-10% reduction of fuel consumption. To reduce car’s weight and increase safety, vehicle manufacturers use high-strength steels. Further weight reduction can be achieved by using corresponding bonding technology (soldering, sticking) and optimizing these technologies can increase the strength of the joints. According to literature research, the improvement of interface properties has a large effect on bonding technologies. In order to improve interface properties, we can use multiple surface treatments. In our research we investigate the effects of CO2 laser surface treatment on high strength steels, because CO2 lasers are often used in the vehicle industry. In order to detect the effect of surface treatment, we investigate the wettability of the treated and untreated steels. In our research we measure the surface tension of treated and untreated steels. Our main goal is to improve wettability properties thus the bonding technology. In our research we used DP 600 high strength steel sheet with the thickness of 1 mm. We cut the steel sheet to 25mm wide and 55mm long workpieces. Before the surface treatment, the workpieces had to be cleaned and degreased using methanol. We searched for parameters that do not cause any visible changes on the surfaces. Among the parameters of the treatment we were able to change the output power of the laser. We used contact angle measurement to examine the wettability.
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Literature Overall of Fatigue Analysis Approaches of Vehicle Components Made of Rubber
130-140Views:144Generally, the most frequently used structural materials are metals which have high strength and stiffness. However, there are many cases when other important properties come to the front, as well as high deformation capacity with elastic behavior, high viscosity namely good damping effect. Due to its above mentioned properties, rubber is widely used in vehicle and automotive industry. Vehicle components made of rubber usually exhibit large deformations. Cyclic finite deformations generate temperature in hyperelastic materials. Furthermore it is necessary to take into consideration the effects of ambient temperature. The mechanical properties of rubber depend on temperature and temperature changes can accelerate chemical alteration processes which lead to the material deterioration and fatigue processes. Research on fatigue behavior and fatigue properties of rubber has a great significance for predicting fatigue life and improving durability of rubber products. There are several studies on the fatigue behavior of rubber-based materials, but there is less research in the fatigue life prediction considering the influence of temperature and temperature changes. First purpose of this paper is summarizing the influence of temperature and temperature changes on the fatigue behavior of rubber. The second purpose of this study is to provide an overview of the state of the art on the fatigue life prediction of rubber with primary focus on the different methods available for prediction of fatigue life under the influence of temperature and temperature changes.
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Exhaust System Muffler Volume Optimization of Light Commercial passenger Car Using Transfer Matrix Method
132-138Views:172Nowadays, the automotive industry is focused on weight and size reduction. Main advantage of this weight and size reduction are improving the fuel economy. The specific fuel consumption of a vehicle can be improved through e.g. downsizing area of heat loss, if we focus on vehicle with weight reduction. Weight reduction can be done by replacing material or by changing the size (dimensions) of components. In the present work we have focused on Audi A6 muffler, troubleshooting and optimizing the muffler by changing pipe length of inlet and outlet, also by replacing the original mesh plate to porous pipe. Based on optimization, prototype has been built with the help of 3D design tool CATIA V5 and the calculations of transmission loss (TL) have been performed by MATLAB. Plane wave-based models such as the transfer matrix method (TMM) can offer fast initial prototype solutions for muffler designers. The principles of TMM for predicting the transmission loss of a muffler was used. Result of this present study of an existing muffler has been analysed and then compared with vehicle level test observation data. Noise level have been optimized for new muffler design. Other literatures were played significant rule for validate our results.
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Parameter Estimation of Drag Coefficient and Rolling Resistance of Vehicles Based on GPS Speed Data
109-115Views:131In this paper, a parameter estimation method of the model-based design approach is applied to estimate the drag coefficient and the rolling resistance coefficient of a vehicle. In fact, a constant-force parameter (c_const) and a velocity-square-force parameter (c_square) are in the vehicle model, and these result in the sum force applied along the translational DOF that models the vehicle. It is only an assumption that the constant force is the rolling resistance and the force proportional to the square of the velocity is the drag force of the air. Only GPS speed data is used for the estimation process. The conclusion is that parameter estimation is a good alternative when expensive measurement devices are not available to measure the force losses separately and directly.
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Simulation of BLDC Motor Drive Systems for Electric Vehicles Using Matlab Simulink
48-52Views:154The defining scientific developments of our time would not have been possible without the use of simulations. The aim of the research is to create a simulation of a BLDC motor. When creating a simulation, great emphasis must be placed on defining the purpose of the simulation. This basically determines the structure and complexity of the model. The model discussed here was created so that an optimization task could be defined more precisely by inserting it as a sub-model into a vehicle dynamics model. Scalability was another aspect, that is, to be able to increase the accuracy of the model with measured data in the future, as well as to be able to validate it. During the research, a BLDC motor efficiency map generation program was created, as well as an environment for testing the generated data. The created system gives researchers the opportunity to use a shape-correct efficiency model when simulating a BLDC motor even without measured data. This makes it possible to discover real relationships between model parameters when performing optimization.
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Vehicle Dynamic Simulation Possibilities Using AVL Cruise M
309-323Views:163In most cases, when creating vehicle dynamics simulations, we need software that can speed up model creation and simulation. There are many programs on the market for this purpose, but they have different knowledge and user interfaces. We present in this article briefly introduces the use of one of the market's leading vehicle simulation software, the AVL Cruise M.
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Frequency Domain Analysis of Tractor Tyre Enveloping Properties
223-229Views:70Main source of vibration excitation for off-road vehicles are ground profile undulations. Most unprepared terrains are characterized by wavelength of unevenness that is of the order of magnitude of the contact length between tire and ground, so that, due to its shape and elasticity, tire actually behaves as geometric low-pass filter transforming real road profile geometry into effective vehicle vibration excitation. Since this effective profile represents real vehicle excitation, it is of interest to study this filtering behaviour in more depth. In this work, investigation of this kind of tire response has been studied for agricultural tractor tire rolling quasistatically over singular road obstacle. Frequency analysis of road excitation and tyre response was carried out in order to obtain their spectra and frequency response function magnitude of the tyre as filter was obtained by dividing input by output spectra. Final assessment of frequency response function magnitude was obtained by averaging instances obtained for different dimensions of input obstacles.
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A study of pressure-sinkage relationship used in a tyre-terrain interaction
186-199Views:141The vehicle applies a normal load to the terrain, which causes sinkage and motion resistance. To forecast the normal pressure distribution on the interface of a vehicle–terrain and the tractive performance of a vehicle, the response of the terrain to normal load (which is characterized by pressure–sinkage relationship equations) must be measured. This paper presents the common conventional pressure sinkage models used in terramechanic and the modification that happened to this models. In addition the features of the new models.
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Physical Internet – a Novel Application Area for Industry 4.0
152-161Views:169The Physical Internet (PI or π) is one of the most decisive ideas for future logistics systems. The idea behind it is to implement logistic systems which apply the principles of Internet information flow. Simultaneously technological innovations of Industry 4.0 have also appeared. Our current research deals with the applicability of the tools of Industry 4.0 technology in the PI system. Following the literature review we analyse the individual technological tools that could improve the functioning of PI components. Subsequently we will detail the usability of a specific Industry 4.0 tool and finally determine the future research steps.
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Application of Topological Methods in the Development of Vehicle Components
67-75Views:73Many areas of the industry are characterized by continuous changes, which define new directions of development in product design. The development of computers and software, the spread of modern production tools and the development of material technology make it possible to expand traditional production technologies with modern processes. Integrated CAD systems have occupied their place in the product design and development process for decades, reforming classical design methods. Popular optimization procedures in integrated CAD systems, such as shape optimization, topological optimization and the new generative design process, provide effective solutions for design engineers in more and more industrial application areas. Experience shows that modern design methods can be used in many areas of industry. The appearance of metal powder printing and additive technology make it possible to test the designed prototypes or even to produce the final products. The following article aims to support the above with the help of a case study.
