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X/Y emberkép hatása a teljesítményre változó környezetben
429-440Views:683A vezetési stílus kérdésköre kutatott terület, több elmélet és modell is született az elmúlt évtizedekben, ezek közül az egyik legismertebb a McGregortól származó X/Y elmélet, amely nagy múltra tekint vissza, mégis máig foglalkoztatja a kutatókat. Az utóbbi években számos olyan elemzés is megvalósult, amely a stílusnak a szervezeti teljesítményre gyakorolt hatását vizsgálta objektív vagy szubjektív mutatók használatával. Ebben a munkámban az X/Y elmélet alapjainak, a családi vállalkozások meghatározásának és a teljesítménymérésre tett legutóbbi kísérleteknek a rövid áttekintésén túl családi vállalkozások vezetőinek körében végzett empirikus kutatásomat mutatom be. A kutatási kérdéseimmel (K1, K2) arra kerestem a választ, hogy van-e összefüggés a vezető McGregor-i emberképe és a vállalkozás teljesítménye között. A teljesítmény mérőszámaként korábbi kutatások nyomán objektív számviteli adatot, az értékesítés nettó árbevételét vettem alapul, a 2008-as gazdasági válság idején a vállalkozók vezetői is elsődlegesen ebben – az értékesítési forgalom változásában – mérték a válság hatásait. A korábbi, X/Y emberkép hatásait vizsgáló kutatások a válság lehetséges befolyásoló hatásait nem vették figyelembe, indokolt lehet ilyen tekintetben is elemzéseket végezni, ezért az első kérdésemben (K1) az X/Y emberkép és a 2008/2012 -i teljesítmény közötti összefüggést vizsgáltam, ezzel lehetőségem nyílt a 2008-as gazdasági válság induláskori (2008) és a vezetők előzetes várakozása szerint fellendülést hozó 2012-es év teljesítményének összevetésére. A kapott eredmények a korábbi kutatási eredményekhez hasonló képet mutatnak, az Y elmélet képviselői eredményesebbek, amelyet a kereszttábla-elemzés szignifikáns eredményei is megerősítettek. Második kérdésemben (K1) a gazdasági válság időszakának átugrásával a K1-hez képest más időhorizonton (2008/2017) vizsgáltam meg az X/Y elmélet szerinti lehetséges összefüggést. Ez utóbbi (K2) esetben a K1-től eltérően statisztikailag nincs kimutatható összefüggés a változók között, viszont az arányok arról tanúskodnak, hogy az Y emberképpel rendelkezők ebben az időtávban is sikeresebbek forgalomnövelés tekintetében. Az attitűdök nagyon nehezen formálhatók, viszont az X emberképpel rendelkező vezetőknek érdemes lehet felülvizsgálni az emberekről alkotott vélekedésüket, változtatni a hozzáállásukon, mert az eredményekből kitűnik, hogy mérhetően sikeresebb az, aki Y emberképpel rendelkezik. A vállalkozások többségénél aktuálissá váló generációváltás esetében a kapott eredmények tükrében azt is érdemes megfontolniuk a stafétát átadó vezetőknek, hogy milyen emberképpel rendelkező utódra bízzák a vállalkozás további irányítását.
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Assessment of the Working Ability of Persons with Disabilities and Reduced Work Capacity
36-52Views:802Employment of persons with disabilities and reduced work capacity falls significantly behind that of non-disabled persons both in our country and the European Union. According to research findings, the low employment rate is partly due to discriminatory attitudes towards the group of employees concerned. In the labour market integration, apart from the attitudes of the employers, the approach of the employees working for the institute has also got a significant role, as they are the ones who as colleagues work together with persons with disabilities and reduced work capacity day by day.
The research findings presented in this study focus on the research question whether the 747 employees who participated in the questionnaire survey make a distinction between persons with disabilities and persons with reduced work capacity on the grounds of their ability to work. If so, what kind of differences are noticeable and what factors have a positive impact on their approach? What is characteristic of the employees with higher level of inclusive attitudes?
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The Concept of Public Works in India
271-276Views:236The objective of this paper is to understand the concept of public work in India. Nowadays we may approach a wide and broad understanding of public work on international level. One aspect is working for the government. Another one is associated with fighting unemployment and providing work possibility for the unemployed (by doing this decreasing poverty). It may also be understood as participated in governmental financed construction programmes and NREG is one such programme which helps to generate employment for the poor people in India. In this paper various aspects about public works in India are discussed.
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Corporate Social Responsibility Scenario in Jordan: Transformation Context
1-10Views:415Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is not an alien concept in Jordan; although it has been seen so far as a philanthropic activity in keeping with Jordanian traditions. Jordan is an old state, politically stable and it is now in transformation from the point of CSR view, since more and more Jordanian stakeholders are becoming aware of the CSR concept and some firms in Jordan are working their way towards strategizing CR efforts. However, business still not fully grasps CSR practices and still considers CSR as part of philanthropy framework rather than lifting it to an upper level and taking it as a strategic approach to sustainability. Unfortunately, CSR in Jordan faces impeding obstacles: economic challenges, lack of government’s incentives, skill-set, weak transparency and disclosure, and finally management and governance. This study attempts to present the picture of the transformation of CSR in Jordan and discuss its main steps of evolution, moreover, it aims to analyze the challenges and future prospects of CSR on a national level. Regarding the applied research method, the paper’s data sources are of secondary research and I have used desk research to illustrate most important points and findings on the topic.
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Comparison of the information content of the notes on the accounts between information technology services and sports activities
689-700Views:286Annual accounting statements are an important source of information within business relations amongst companies. However, it should be noted that due to their aggregate nature, the necessary information and through that the necessary knowledge can only be obtained from the two fundamental parts of the annual statements (balance sheet and profit and loss account) if the notes on the account contains the information that contributes to the more comprehensive interpretation of the other part of the annual statement. Beyond that, the notes to the financial statement have to help the presentation of a reliable and realistic overall image. In the notes to the financial statement, depth and detail of the disclosed information are not specifically stated, therefore their professional evaluation is left to the given enterprise. My basic purpose is to illustrate a comparison of the information content of the notes on the accounts between information technology services and sports activities. By means of text mining, we analyse the extent to which the notes on the accounts are in conformity with the Accounting Act.
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Sustainability Goals - Can we Reduce Malnutrition?
268-276Views:414Nowadays, some parts of the world hunger still exists. One of the milestones of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) is eradicating hunger. These goals include a road map for progress and documenting specific steps to combat hunger. Another type of hunger that has been very common in these days is hidden hunger. Eradicating extreme poverty and hunger is still an illusion. The number of people living in extreme poverty and malnutrition has fallen slightly in recent years. Measuring hunger is a very complex issue. The Global Hunger Index is a tool to comprehensively measure and monitor hunger at global, regional and national levels. Despite noticeable improvements, the question remains: will the world achieve its Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), including the eradication of hunger, by 2030? Despite these efforts, even in economically developed countries, hunger or food insecurity still exist.
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Labour Economics - From the Technological Development Perspective
98-108Views:217The impact of technological advancements on the labor market and innovation processes is a critically important research area. The aim of this study is to examine the emergence and frequency of technological innovations in scientific publications, with a particular focus on the Journal of Labour Economics from 2000 to 2020. The research employs content analysis methods, searching for eight different terms and expressions related to technological development (e.g., technology, artificial intelligence, machine learning) across 1405 articles. The study also analyzes the number of occurrences and annual publication trends of these terms. A total of 9469 instances were identified, indicating that in 64,7% of the cases, at least one technological term appeared. An analysis of annual trends reveals an increase in the usage of certain keywords (technology, artificial intelligence, and machine learning). In a smaller subset of articles, only 1%, technological terms were mentioned at least 50 times. The results suggest that although the topic of technological development plays a significant role in labor market research, the frequency of its appearance and the depth of analysis vary considerably. The increase in the appearance of technological terms is predominantly observed in the fields of artificial intelligence and machine learning. These findings are specific to a single journal, indicating the need for further research involving other labor market journals to ensure representativeness.
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The Impact of Electrical Vehicles on Sustainability: Jordan as a Case Study
393-403Views:338The Global concern is moving toward making a revolution in favor of exploitation of renewable energy in order to improve environment conditions, limit emissions and minimizes consumption of non-renewable resources within the planet. In this context, it is necessary to focus on the transport sector as it contributes of at least 30% of the total primary energy consumption. Therefore, a set of rules must be developed to maintain economic, environmental and social sustainability to address the problems so as not to increase their severity and these cannot be done unless there are joint measures and regulations from governments, companies, manufacturers and users. Unfortunately, the Jordanian transport system mostly depend on the individual transport which supported by cars, and that because of the weak role played by the public transport sector, especially at the capital, Amman. Buying hybrid cars (internal combustion engine + electric motor) and Electrical Vehicles (EV), in the past few years in Jordan is increasing, which is compatible with the global trend to use Electrical Vehicles (EV) instead of Internal Combustion Engine vehicles (ICE) powered by fossil fuels, this issue will have a direct and indirect impact on gas stations companies, also it will have direct impact on labor sector and the current car industry since electric charging stations as well as EV manufacturing is not labor intensive. The main purpose of the study is to show how much it is necessary now to start theoretical assumptions through studying the expected annual increase in passenger cars and its impact on sustainability and predicting the future fuel consumption and emissions and compare them with the base situation.
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Link between Corporate Philanthropy and Corporate Financial Performance: Evidence from Pakistani Textile Sector
1-12Views:202Literature highlights the immense potential of Corporate Philanthropy (CP) for generating social and economic benefits. The debate on economic benefits align corporate philanthropy with the business bottom line arguing that it can be a significant determinant of corporate financial performance. This research is intended to extent this debate by providing sector specific perspective through analyzing the sample of Pakistani public listed textile companies. Results of the study show that corporate philanthropy has a significantly positive relationship with Return on Assets (ROA) but with Return on Equity (ROE) the relationship is found to be insignificant. The previous year’s financial performance moderates the relationship between CP and ROA but the interaction effect for ROE is insignificant.
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Relationship between Population Growth and Urbanization
527-541Views:649The main purpose of this article is to examine how to respond to and change the field of urbanization. Creating dwindling new opportunities and challenges for globalization, new sector introductions and agricultural dominance. In relation to changing trends in urban and rural environments, people's preferences are very diverse and their lives are changing. The difference between a big city and a small city can test different lifestyles. It is a fundamentally important infrastructure personality insurance system (both cities), important from the point of view of larger cities and very different from small towns in terms of quality. The benefits of small towns can be a unique lifestyle and a healthy lifestyle, which can certainly be felt. Among the different characteristics of urbanization in developing and developed countries, we can mention the different time course and magnitude [1]. Namely, in developed countries the urban explosion has taken place for a long time and with fewer people than in developing countries [2]. The rate of urban population growth in the latter group will be 4.04% between 1950 and 1975, 3.6% between 1975 and 2000, and 2.4% between 2000 and 2030. The Earth and all of humanity are facing many challenges these days, and this trend will continue in the future. The planet's overpopulation and changing eating habits put great pressure on agriculture and the countryside. Research focused on the countryside focuses on analyzing the various functions of rural areas.
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Examining the employees and sectors of the economy according to the digital competence in the EU memeber states
344-357Views:373In this study, the challenges of digital development and its sectoral effects were examined between 2015 and 2017 in the EU Member States, based on data of OECD, Eurostat, and the World Bank. The connection between the countries' digital development and sector dominance was analyzed. I found - in line with international research - that in countries that belong to the developed group, the high value-added service sector is dominant. The statistics of developing countries’ supported the assumption, that industry is the engine of the economy. The analysis of the underdeveloped countries revealed that agriculture and industry are the most important sectors compared to other countries. Measuring the demand of developed countries for ICT professionals, I examined the relationship of individuals with different digital competencies to one kind of self-education. In line with international research, my database showed that digitally unskilled people are the least likely to take advantage of online courses. As a continuation of the research, it would be worthwhile to carry out this study in other economic areas as well. Especially in areas where salaries for high-digital occupations do not differ significantly between countries in the region.
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The Construction History and Photo Scanner Survey of the Minorite Church in Nyírbátor
53-66Views:187The medieval Minorite church of Nyírbátor suffered serious damages and became abandoned at the end of the 17th century. In the 18th century, the baroque reconstruction of the church began, and later a second period of Baroque modifications took place. After this, the church remained untouched for a long time. Then, in the 20th century once again renovations were deemed necessary, because of its poor condition at the time. During the 19th and until the end of the 20th century, several restoration works and archaeological excavations took place, which focused on certain aspects of the church. In this article, I would like to present a summary of the notes concerning the construction history of the church and the results and methods of the photo scanner survey I carried out.
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Trends and Challenges of Databases
71-75Views:182The database management, using relational databases, is part of curriculum in the Hungarian high schools. The aim of this paper is to present how we can show for students the challenges facing data processing, data retrieval, beyond the relational database management taught in high school.
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Ethical Leadership, at the Beginning of a Research
188-195Views:505In this study I deal with the ethical leadership. I give an insight into the approaches of ethical leadership, give a literature review on the concept of ethical leadership, and introduce the measurement methods used in the most important empirical researches related to this topic. I also try to report on the first results of my research (I plan to describe features of Hungarian leaders based on a smaller sample). How does this relate to the challenges of Industry 4.0? I give the answer from the fact that, with the advent of these new technologies (which in themselves have ethical questions), among these new challenges, the focus of the manager's attention will continue to be partly on their employees. If they set an ethical example for their subordinates, they encourage their employees to act ethically, which gives the company a competitive edge in many ways, both in the product/service market and in the labor market too. So, with my study, I would like to draw the attention of executives and managers to the fact that new technologies and the human factor together bring new successes, and that one possible way of doing this is by consciously managing their company ethically and developing an ethical organizational culture.
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Possibilities of the Reclamation of Wastewater in Small Abattoirs Combined with Rainwater Harvesting
115-125Views:172The purpose of the study is to review the extent to which waste water from small mobile slaughterhouses can be reclaimed along with the basic cases and the purpose for which this can be realized. Keeping the criteria of sustainability in mind, I identify the possible and at the same time reasonable combinations of technology, highlighting and presenting in more detail those that include the utilization of waste water and the utilization of rainwater. I will describe the limiting factors - site features, environmental protection and health regulations - which are decisive in which alternative can be chosen during a specific installation.
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Linear elastic finite element investigation of titanium specimen produced by Additive Manufacturing
85-91Views:206Nowadays orthopaedic implants are mainly fabricated from solid material (titanium alloy). The mechanical properties of these implants are much stronger than human bone tissue’s properties, and this leads to fixation problems and a short lifetime, but today these problems can be eliminated with the usage of metal additive manufacturing. The mechanical properties of the implants can be influenced on demand with the variation of the material structure using different sizes and types of unit cells for building up its structure.
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Most Effective Management Style for Modern Workplace
402-411Views:4521There are managers who are coaches, who are democratic, who are dictatorial and those who are consensus builders. All styles come with positives and negatives, many managers employ a combination of all to make progress. Ultimately, the managers that have the most successful teams are the ones who help each individual member of the team to grow. To manage the best way possible, you need to be strict but gentle and, employees will probably feel good and happy in a medium where inclusivity is a need. Balance in the work environment is imperative for empowering employees from all background to feel certain about their potential and accomplish their best. The higher the self-esteem, the more beneficial the employees are. People from different background can offer variety of abilities and experiences, aptitudes and encounters that might be of advantage to the organization and their work execution. Although some hybrid of aptitudes can be gainful with regards to helping each other, a mixture of skills and abilities among the group likewise implies that workers can gain from each other. By working nearby individuals of various backgrounds, experiences and working styles, creative ideas can be conceived then discussed among each other and offering feedback and proposals. Though one individual might be extraordinary at out of the box thoughts, another individual may have the important experience to execute it; so it is fundamental to play on every individual's skills, abilities and work together within the group.
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Comperative Economic Analysis of the Determining Leagues of European Clubfootball
22-35Views:599Nowadays sport is not just all about entertainment, or about social cohesion but also it has serious economic and business aspects. Sporteconimics is an individual concept and sector. Sport businesses are contributing more and more to national incomes. Football business are specially important parts of this complex system called sporteconomics. The aim of my research is to create an economic and also comparative analysis of the five top European football leagues, also called as the “Big5” which are responsible for 74% of the total football revenue in Europe. By the analysis of the 2019 UEFA report it can be stated that in these leagues more than 60% of the competing clubs achieved positive operating profits, but the structure of their revenues warns them to look for opportunities to increase their operating revenues. According to the data it is clear that wage cost is the most significant cost element in the industry as they cover 53-68% of their total revenue. These statements set the course for the economic development of European football. The management of these outstanding football clubs may give example to the ones falling behind including Hungarian football businesses.
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Frequency Domain Analysis of Tractor Tyre Enveloping Properties
223-229Views:185Main source of vibration excitation for off-road vehicles are ground profile undulations. Most unprepared terrains are characterized by wavelength of unevenness that is of the order of magnitude of the contact length between tire and ground, so that, due to its shape and elasticity, tire actually behaves as geometric low-pass filter transforming real road profile geometry into effective vehicle vibration excitation. Since this effective profile represents real vehicle excitation, it is of interest to study this filtering behaviour in more depth. In this work, investigation of this kind of tire response has been studied for agricultural tractor tire rolling quasistatically over singular road obstacle. Frequency analysis of road excitation and tyre response was carried out in order to obtain their spectra and frequency response function magnitude of the tyre as filter was obtained by dividing input by output spectra. Final assessment of frequency response function magnitude was obtained by averaging instances obtained for different dimensions of input obstacles.
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Labor Market of Enforcement of People with Technical Qualifications in Hungary
6-10Views:195The main purpose of my research was to investigate the validity of those with technical qualifications in the territory of Hungary.
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The Role of Renewable Energy Sources in Energy Production and Use
678-688Views:410The role of renewable energies in energy management is growing both in the European Union and in Hungary. The use of renewable energy sources is already quite large (transport, heating, lighting, etc.) and it is advisable to deal with these energy sources in the year 2020. The use of energy from renewable sources can reduce greenhouse gas emissions and reduce dependency on the continuously problematic oil and gas market. A review of energy data over the last 10 years shows that renewable energy sources are playing an increasingly important role in the European Union. I support this finding by the fact that the share of energy from renewable sources in gross energy consumption has almost doubled in the last few years.
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Grounds of changemanagement
257-267Views:872Organisations of the 21st century exist in a permanent change. Change management in business management deals with the analysis of directed and planned changes. However, it does not consider spontaneous changes.Change has been addressed in social science since the 1970s and is of growing importance. As in many cases adapting to the change is crucial for the organisations to survive. With the changeThese spontaneous changes are chaotic processes that are carried out without control. In this paper I present the evolution of changemanagement, and the most important questions of changes.
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Submerged aquatic plant (Vallisneria spiralis and Egeria densa) utilisation as a biogas cleaner and feedstock of co-digestion
172-180Views:313Biogas was produced from sheep manure and two types of submerged aquatic plant (Vallisneria spiralis and Egeria densa). The gas cleaning was carried out by a water scrubber, where a significant part of CO2 and H2S can be separated from the gas. A part of water from the scrubber was circulated through an aquatic plant growth tank and the growth of used plants was examined. Addition of E. densa to sheep manure increased gas yield by 8% and the mixing of sheep manure and V. spiralis resulted in 21% increase in gas yield. With the used scrubber, 70-80 vol% methane content can be reached in the cleaned biogas, and the water from the scrubber (which contained dissolved CO2 and H2S) resulted in 56-87% increase in size as opposed to 12-44% increase in the control group.
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Experimental Study Regarding The Influence Of Compliant Hinges Geometry In Mechanical Structures
125-131Views:173In this paper an experimental study will be carried out, on the influence of geometry, using different compliant mechanical couplings. In the first part of the paper will be presented the compliance of the couplings and a number of consecrated works on this theme will be quoted. The article continues with the case study made on three types of compliant joints. These joints and the mechanics that substitute them will be presented. Towards the end of the paper we explain the experimental method and its results. The final ideas concerning this work will be filled out by conclusions and research directions.
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Statistical Evaluation of University Student’s Motivation and Personal Competency with Principal Component and Cluster Analysis
365-374Views:303The aim of the research is to do a statistical evaluation of agricultural and rural development engineer student’s motivation and personal competency. It sums up the late generation Y’s characteristics and challenges. To be a successful, graduated employee, not only the skill is needed but the personal competency as well. Altogether, 121 filled out questionnaires were collected from the students which were the prime source of the research. They had to evaluate influential factors to their motivation level and competence. The database was analyzed with descriptive statistic methods, principal component and cluster analysis. Studying the personal competency, five different factors were divided based on Belbin’s team roles and four clusters. The four clusters were established by the five factors. Analyzing the student’s educational motivation four different components were divided: the need of performance, social entertainment, the benefits of learning in the near future and the reach of the financial freedom. Based on the four components, generating clusters was not possible due to the significance level of the K-means cluster analysis because it was higher than 0,05 in every grouping variables.
