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Temporal Changes of Pyrite Oxidation Rate in Bolivian Sulphidic Mining Wastes
194-202Views:78Since the 70's, when huge sulphidic open pits were developed, the acidic rock drainage (ARD) become the leader problem of the sulphidic mining industry. Although the recycling is an essential technology, it cannot cover the demand alone, thus mining activity needs to continue. Acidity in mine drainage commonly requires most of the attention, but the main problem is the caused elevated level of metal mobility and leaching, which are generated by the increased rates of sulphide weathering under acidic conditions. The Itos mine is a polymetallic vein deposit in Bolivia, had been mined for silver and tin until 1990, leaving behind much and huge tailings and mine waste heaps, where quite often the pyrite content exceeds 10 %. Serious ARD effects take place in the mine waste heaps. These processes can be well characterized with the pH 1 or 2 of the seepage water, which forms serious alteration in the waste itself and the neighbouring rocks. In three consecutive years, the pyrite oxidation rate was investigated on the same 7 samples by humidity cell test. 5-6 months pauses were left between the humidity cell test periods, which mimics the alternation of wet and dry periods, typical for the place. The results give much more information, than the oxidation rate in the individual test periods, showing the changes by time. This applied method gave good result to characterize the behaviour of the waste in long-term. The column test was complemented with mineralogical analyses, such as electron probe micro analysis. The mineralogical and column test analyses show, that the changes of the pyrite oxidation rate split the samples into three different groups, one where the oxidation rate decreases, second where it increases with time and the third where oxidation rate is maximal and stays stable for several years.
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The Challenges of the Labour Law and Economic in the Future Labour Market
116-130Views:705The aim of the study is to examine how the effects of globalization affect the global labor market, and how high-level automation and digitalization affect the expectations of labor market actors and the world of labor law. We analyze the legal framework and the economic and social utility of acquiring competences for new challenges in the industry. We will look in more detail at the future of the low-skilled labor force in a changing labor market as a function of acquiring new competencies. We believe that changes in the labor market and novel processes will also pose new challenges for employers and employees. Changes in the labor market raise the question of what kind of benefits an outgoing worker will receive until he or she acquires new competencies. Is the social welfare system in the current sense capable of supporting lifelong learning, or is it necessary to explore alternatives such as basic income? All this needs to be done in the light of the legal and economic scrutiny of the concepts of efficiency and economy. This is because acquiring competences for the new employee also brings new added value.
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Entrepreneurial Climate – Management of Women's Entrepreneurship
69-74Views:40Entrepreneurship, which people can have without formal economic education, is a tendency acquired through upbringing in the family, competition in school, implies risk and constant self-affirmation through the acquisition of profits and losses, so that it represents the sum of successes and failures, victory and defeat. In the last thirty years, female entrepreneurship has been developing more and more, especially in less developed countries, the reason for such growth is primarily reflected in the promotion of equality between men and women, the right to education, and the development of democracy. Female entrepreneurship is a significant factor in economic development, so the national economy becomes richer. The subject of this research are the entrepreneurial climate in the Balkans compared to the world in terms of female entrepreneurship, what is the role of the family in starting a small business, as well as its survival and growth. In the study the results of previous research in this area. The research method is based on a comparative analysis of studies dealing with this problem from the territory of Balkans. It can be concluded that in the Balkans, female entrepreneurship is still in its infancy, it is about a very small percentage of female entrepreneurs, although according to research, it is evident that there has been no major progress in the last 15 years. Recommendation In the countries of the Balkans, there is a good entrepreneurial climate for the development of female entrepreneurship, especially because women can work from home, and in the future it is necessary to go in this direction.
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Examining the Competitiveness of Fish Products on the Market
151-163Views:71Fish and fishery products are one of the key ingredients in human nutrition and are therefore outstanding in terms of both production and trade. Different processed fish products are available in many countries around the world due to globalization and a fast supply chain. In our study, we examined the market for fish and fishery products using secondary data collection. The data were collected several years ago from the databases of FAO, EUROSTAT, COMTRADE and KSH The comparative advantages or disadvantages of international trade were determined with the help of the RCA index for the role of Hungary and the EU in the world in the case of different categories of fish products. The aim of our research is to compare the fish products of different processing in Hungary and in the EU compared to the international situation, paying special attention to the main exporting and importing countries. Based on the secondary research the study has a detailed the specificities of trade, the trends observed in recent years and the competitiveness of fish products in Hungary and the Member States of the European Union and effect relationships behind the RCA-index results.
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Topology Optimization of Automotive sheet metal part using Altair Inspire
143-150Views:730In an optimization problem, different candidate solutions are compared with each other, and then the best or optimal solution is obtained which means that solution quality is fundamental. Topology optimization is used at the concept stage of design. It deals with the optimal distribution of material within the structure. Altair Inspire software is the industry's most powerful and easy-to-use Generative Design/Topology Optimization and rapid simulation solution for design engineers. In this paper Topology optimization is applied using Altair inspire to optimize the Sheet metal Angle bracket. Different results are conducted the better and final results are fulfilling the goal of the paper which is minimizing the mass of the sheet metal part by 65.9% part and Maximizing the stiffness with Better Results of Von- Miss Stress Analysis, Displacement, and comparison with different load cases. This can lead to reduced costs, development time, material consumption, and product less weight.
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Application of Additive Technology in Precision Casting
43-56Views:180In this paper the surface of the prepared test specimens had been examined with light microscopy and surface roughness measurements. In order to improve the surface smoothness of PLA specimens, application of ethyl acetate was required. After this surface treatment, microscopic images were taken again. The melting and decomposition temperatures of the materials had been determined using derivatography. The chosen method was precision casting with gypsum molding. Also, the plaster molds had been burnt out according to the predefined melting and firing diagram. The measurement series shows that the samples produced by 3D printing can also be used in the field of precision casting. They provide greater freedom of design, more sophisticated pieces, and prototypes can be finished in a shorter amount of time.
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Simulation of production processes with Plant Simulation
10-16Views:132This article presents the modelling of interconnected companies’ logistic processes with Tecnomatix Plant Simulation by Siemens. It has two main parts. The first contains the details of recognition including simulation. The second part presents the modelling with Tecnomatix Plant Simulation. My publication is supported by the EFOP3.6.1-16-2016-00022 project. The project is co-financed by the European Union and the European Social Fund.
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Properties of Cellulose Sheets Modified with Potassium-Humate and Copper (II)-Sulfate
276-285Views:90Throughout our research we have made potassium-humate from brown coal of Dudar. With potassiumhumate and copper(II)-sulfate we made test sheets of linter cellulose fibers. The surface energy, surface wettability, CIE Lab color-coordinates changing, bending resistance and tensile strength of the produced test sheets has been examined. There was no big difference in the different samples during surface energy and wettability testing. Examination of mechanical properties suggests that potassium-humate content increases bending resistance of the test sheets. The bending resistance of samples increased by 32%, 100% and 336% compared to the control test sheets while adding potassium-humate.
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CSR Reporting Practices of Hungarian Banks
70-81Views:123The disclosure of information on the exercise of corporate social responsibility (CSR) is the tool most frequently used by companies to promote understanding of the social and environmental performance of an organisation and to improve relationships with stakeholders. For most of the world’s largest companies, reporting on non-financial information appears to be a continuing trend, so it is essential to present the new corporate reporting trends of the 21st century. The disclosure of socially responsible information will be analysed, with a focus on the application of the Global Reporting Initiative guidelines related to CSR. Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) is the best-known framework for voluntary reporting of environmental and social performance by business worldwide. The main objective of the paper is to explore the corporate voluntary disclosure practices of the listed and non-listed banks in Hungary. The extent of voluntary disclosure has significantly improved for decades worldwide, but the situation is not that obvious regarding the Hungarian financial sector. This paper aims to describe the status of disclosure practices of corporate sustainability in the annual reports, sustainability reports or CSR reports of the banking industry in Hungary. Also, increased corporate visibility and financial risk increase stakeholder demand for transparency on the social impact of financial institutions and their CSR practices. Finally, the analysis and subsequent comparison of available CSR reports of banks will be presented.
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Investigation of Parental Roles in Relation to Youth Football
105-114Views:126My research is based on the fact that, thanks to the development of sports and the capital flowing into the sector, youth sports are no longer just a useful way of spending free time for children and a mean for educating them for a healthy lifestyle, but also an opportunity to lay the foundation for an adult sports career and, with it, secure future existence. In order for the training to be effective and productive, one of the many components is the existence of parental support. Youth competitive sports pose many challenges for a family and influence their lives from several aspects. In my research, I examined how youth sports affects parents in terms of certain demographic variables, what changes it generates in their family life, and I also paid attention to what expectations the family has about sports. The basis of the study is an online questionnaire survey, which was filled out by more than 700 parents of youth football associations. My research revealed that, in accordance with the previous literature related to the topic, their children's sports have a significant impact on the lives of the parents and they set different expectations regarding it, which are also influenced by various social and demographic factors.
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Value Creation along a Production-Service Value Chain
91-99Views:110Today’s products and services are so complicated and intertwined that their individual value creation is hard to determine. It is especially true when the products and services are necessary complements of each other and when they are affecting customer satisfaction for a long time. In the case of durable products needing professional installment service, the study of value creation poses many difficulties. Our research shows and emphasizes the process characteristic of value creation, and how the different steps (production, service, long-term use) should be looked at, and what further analyses can be done.
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Application of Rexroth Controlling for Inverted Pendulum
174-179Views:134This paper deals with the control of an inverted pendulum. Balancing techniques are used in great many controlling problems. The inverted pendulum problem is often used as a benchmark. The theoretical background is well-known and easy to treat. A commercially available Rexroth axis controller and a CKK compact module are used to control the input of the system, which is usually applied in industrial fields. A test bench has been designed and built. A PLC based program has been developed to swing up the pendulum from the rest location to inverted position and LQR controller is designed to balance the system.
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Monitoring of Debrecen WWTP Biogas Fermentation Processes by Chemical Methods
79-83Views:148The anaerobic digestion is a widely used economical method for sewage sludge stabilization and also purification of waste water with a high organic content. All effective anaerobic digesters transform the organic matter into biogas containing methane, which usable component covers a significant share of the heat and electricity consumption of the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). The increasing amount of biogas is a priority task of WWTPs, which we can achieve a deeper knowledge of anaerobic digestion processes. The main task of this study is the optimization of anaerobic sludge treatment of Debrecen WWTP. Digester towers processes and their impact on the biogas yield were also priority studied.
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Monitoring of the Corporate Competitiveness Effect of Tourism Support
603-616Views:150Today the tourism is without doubt strategic of importance in the world. In Hungary's case can be related, that contributes to the performance of the economy largely, and its role is very important in the employment, too. Because of national economic weight it is suitable to analysing, but for the sake of complexity the consideration of economic performance, competitiveness exceptionally complicated task. The two sections are attached most directly, the performace is measurable through the accomodation service and hospitality. Present study does not intend to measure the performance of whole tourism section, the aim is from a corporate side, measure the corporate competitiveness from accountancy datas, the examination of part. The object of the actual examination is monitoring of the profitability effect of tourism supports through the example of 8 companies.
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Examining the Social Involvement of Sports Civic Organizations
23-34Views:147Analyzing the information available in the Hungarian database of the CSO, we can see that a significant part of the income of classical non-governmental organizations, especially non-governmental organizations with a sports profile, comes mainly from state or private support. In addition, it can be said that these organizations are essentially non-profit-oriented and play a significant role in social integration and the performance of essential social tasks. Therefore, the relevant question is to what extent and in what way their social embeddedness is realized, in what way do NGOs influence people in the course of their operation? Within this, the study of the social usefulness of sports non-governmental organizations and the sphere of support conditions in the sphere emerges as a priority area. In our study, we undertake to examine the activity of the organizations included in the survey, their social impact and to compare the results with their role in local society. Nearly 50% of the NGOs surveyed in the study have a local scope, and more than 50% typically engage in grassroots and leisure-related activities.
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Influence of MTP on Surface Roughness and Geometric Accuracy of Machined Surface at WEDM
91-97Views:102Electrical discharge machining technology is one of the most precise machining methods. Therefore, even the smallest deviation of micro and macro geometry generally has a significant impact on the overall quality of products produced by this progressive technology. The quality of the machined surface after Wire Electrical Discharge Machining (WEDM) is influenced by a large number of factors, most of which are influenced by the Main Technological Parameters (MTP). The aim of the paper was to describe the results of experimental research aimed at assessing the impact of MTP for WEDM on the quality of machined surface in terms of geometric accuracy and roughness parameters Ra and Rz. The samples were made of high alloyed ledeburitic chromium-molybdenum-vanadium steel designated EN X155CrVMo12-1 on a Sodick AQ535 electroerosion machine. The tool used was a standard compact brass wire 0.25 mm with the designation Elecut Brass CuZn37.
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Micromechanical Model of Dry Friction Hybrid Polymer Composite Clutch Facings
335-340Views:83Modelling the complex coupled thermomechanical and tribological contact of a dry friction clutch system between cast iron flywheel and scatter-wound hybrid composite clutch facing requires a thought through investigation of the friction material properties and behaviour. Challenges of the creation of a mechanical stiffness matrix for such a complex material are described in this paper along with simplification ideas and solutions.
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Numerical Model Analysis of Natural Gas Combustion Burners
67-71Views:116Traditional power plants still the dominating power source for all the major industries and powerdemanding facilities, the most crucial facility for the whole plant operations is the industrial boiler which generatessteam, heating energy or electrical power. Boilers generate energy by combustion. The improvement of combustion efficiency could greatly influence the energy consumption and will make the boiler more efficient and cleaner (less emissions), that’s why it is important to understand the combustion and thermal flow behaviours inside the boiler. Beside experimental testing, computational work nowadays becoming more and more important due to lower cost and acceptable accuracy with minimum error. With numerical calculations method, the computational model created by a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software could reduce a lot of trial and error on experimental work. In this paper utilizing the ANSYS FLUENT 19.1 software to make crate the combustion model. The ratio of air to fuel mixture, the equivalency factor, mass flow rate of the mixture, velocity, mass fractions of the mixture components (fuel and air) and their temperatures will serve as the input parameter while the exhaust gase component mass fraction, temperature, mass flow and velocity will be monitored.
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Transaction Costs: A Conceptual Framework
131-139Views:809Transaction Costs (TC) is a very important topic, especially in a changing work environment which has a large number of operational firms, and increasing business growth. The aim of this paper is to shed light on the transaction costs concept, and provide a conceptual framework to understand the meaning of transaction costs. Publications including articles and research papers have explained the notion of transaction costs and the theoretical issues related to them. The literature review reveals that, transaction costs are costs which arise because of the of a company‘s activities in the market , including (fees, commission, taxes) which are paid by the firm to provide a service or produce a good either to external parties or as internal costs. Therefore, according to the literature review. It emerges that firms must make a comparison between internal and external transaction costs and choose the lowest cost which enables them to increase profits. This means companies have to reduce transaction costs to the minimum level to achieve more profits and competitive advantage.
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The Expectations and Motivation Regarding Future Income and graduation of the Students of the University of Debrecen, Faculty of Engineering
1-11Views:112My research conducted among undergraduate students of the Faculty of Engineering of the University of Debrecen examined the students’ incentive and income expectation broken down by their gender and by their ducation level. At the same time, it aimed to measure the impact factors influencing their motivation to get the degree and their ideas regarding the payment.
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Evaluating the Entrepreneurial Performance in South America. Case of Chile
1-16Views:38The research objective is to explore Chile's entrepreneurial landscape by assessing individual characteristics and institutional factors through a 'pillars' framework and compare it against Colombia, and Brazil; to identify socio-economic, individual, and institutional differences using the Global Entrepreneurship Index (GEI); to apply bottleneck approach to highlight areas requiring policy intervention. GEI features individual and institutional stage variables in a method where every variable collaboratively interacts, incorporating 14 foundational elements and three sub-indexes: attitudes, abilities, and aspirations. Ranking 18th on the GEI globally and the best in Latin America, Chile excels in key entrepreneurial pillars, showcasing strengths in innovation and a robust entrepreneurial culture. Brazil closely rivals Chile in competition and networking, emphasizing political and economic influence. Colombia surpasses Chile in internationalization and growth-stimulating policies but faces challenges like historical conflicts and wealth distribution. This study identified areas where immediate policy intervention may be necessary by examining Chiles's entrepreneurial ecosystem. The Penalty for Bottleneck (PFB) technique identified the weakest pillars highlighting process innovation, competition, and internationalization. The primary component identified as a bottleneck for resource allocation is Process Innovation, accounting for 73% of the allocation, followed by Competition at 23%. The findings show that allocating more resources to process innovation may improve greatly the overall GEI score.
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Presentation of Employment and Economic effects of the Covid-19 Epidemic between March and November 2020 among Companies Dealing with Car and Parts Trade in Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg County
80-92Views:419The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic during the spring of 2020 entailed major economic and social changes all over the world. In this study, we aim to investigate the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the labor market and the economy with relation to the automotive industry in Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg County. Apart from secondary data collection, this research also relies on primary data collection methods, including self-administered questionnaires and in-depth interviews, all conducted with several employees and finance directors employed by the automotive companies present in the county. The focus of this research is to study how the pandemic affected the balance sheets and the gross revenue of these companies; how it altered the repayment obligation of their current loans and how it influenced their willingness to enter into new loan agreements or relief options offering financial assistance. Apart from these factors, this research also studies how the pandemic restrictions affected the work schedule and the benefits of the employees.
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Learning Curve Based Sigma Level Determination in Interrupted Non-Production Processes
260-270Views:118The philosophy and methods of six sigma process development have been applied successfully since mid1980s, and the application of the six sigma concept in non-production processes has increased significantly in the last decade. In this paper processes that can be characterized by learning curves are modeled. The quality of such processes can be analyzed on the basis of the six sigma concept. In this paper two back office processes are analyzed. The processes are built up of simple repeated steps and incorporate some interruptions. The application of the model allows the calculation of the maximally permitted number of interruptions in the process if the preliminary determined norm is to be kept.
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Concept Images of Primary School Students and University Students About Function
114-122Views:283The concept of function is fundamental importance to the mathematics. Since the most mathematical concept is not acquired in one step [13], thus we have to take a long journey for developing of the function concept. One of the aim of this process to develop an effective concept image which have an important role in problem solution. The students decides on the basis of a concept image whether a given mathematical object is an example or nonexample of the concept. (Vinner & Dreyfus, 1989). In this paper we are looking for the answer of the following question: what are the concept image of the function concept formed of the students by the end of the primary school (8th grade) and the first year engineering university students?
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The Influence of the Boundary Conditions on the Buckling of Thin-walled Cans during Manufacturing
41-50Views:67In this paper the effect of the boundary conditions on the stability of thin-walled aerosol cans under axial pressure is investigated. The main objective is to outline the main characteristics of this highly nonlinear mechanical problem and to present methods to simulate the buckling of cans with different boundary conditions. Due to the numerical difficulties coming from the contact between the can and different components of the machines, the effect of the different supports of the can is investigated on the crushing (or buckling) force at which the loss of stability occurs. The commercial finite element software Abaqus is used to solve the problems and to present the efficiency of FE codes in the design process of cans.
