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Utilization of grinding dross remained from production process in order to minimize waste and save costs
18-25Views:115It is i mportant to reuse wastes from production process particulary. In the course of metal roughing grinding dross comes off. Its oil content is high enough to treat i t wi th piston briquette machinery and by this methode part of this oil can be retrievable and returned to production. By means of making a ma terial balance I determined how much effective the machinery has to be to work the dross and its payback was also calculated.
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Climate-Neutral Energy Production - Prospects in Hungary in 2024
53-60Views:92In order to protect our planet's climate, it is important to reduce humanity's carbon dioxide emissions significantly. The energy sector is one of the most polluting industries, but the rapid spread of renewable energy sources over the past 20 years can significantly contribute to the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions. The study examined which energy sources are used to produce electricity in Hungary, and how the proportion of renewable energy has developed in recent years compared to more polluting energy production methods. There is a strong negative exponential relationship between the share of renewable energy and the carbon dioxide emissions of the energy sector, based on which the carbon dioxide emissions of the energy sector can be significantly reduced by increasing the share of renewable energy. A forecast was made for the renewable share based on past data and the revised state of the National Energy and Climate Plan in 2023, and a linear forecast was made for the energy sector's emissions. There is a strong exponential relationship between the data series. Both models examined in the study had strong explanatory power, but neither model supports the possibility of climate-neutral energy production by 2030.
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The Possible Job Creation and Job Destructive Effects of Technological Development
53-61Views:342Throughout history, technological change has often provided the basis for employee anxiety. Between 1811 and 1816, a group of workers in England who called themselves "Luddists" destroyed machines, because they thought it would endanger their workplace. 19th-century thinkers and economists such as Karl Marx and David Ricardo predicted that mechanizing the economy would ultimately worsen workers' conditions, depriving them of a decent wage. Over the last century, John M. Keynes (1930s) and Wassily Leontief (1950s) have expressed their fears that more and more workers will be replaced by machine solutions that will lead to unemployment. In recent years, Brynjolfsson and McAfee (2014) have argued that existing technologies reduce the demand for labor and put some of the human workforce at a permanent disadvantage. However, there are a number of compensation mechanisms that can offset the initial displacement effects of automation and process innovation in general (Vivarelli, 2015). First of all, while workers are being replaced in industries that introduce new machine technology, additional workers in new industries are needed. Second, automation (and process innovation in general) reduces average costs. Acemoglu and Restrepo (2017) found that this results, on the one hand, in the effect of price productivity (“priceproductivity”) (as production costs decrease, the industry can expand and increase labor demand); and, on the other hand, it leads to economies of scale in production (the reduction in costs due to automation leads to an increase in total output and increases the demand for labor in all industries). Similarly, Vivarelli (2015) argues that lower average costs can result in lower prices (if the industry's market structure is perfectly competitive), stimulate product demand, or result in extra profits (if the industry's structure is not perfectly competitive). If these extra profits are reinvested in the company, this investment can create new jobs. The presentation intends to present these counterbalancing cases and to provide real examples based on the literature.
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Human security issues of deep wells retraining
114-123Views:91Nowadays, in the world's energy production structure, fossil fuels dominate and at the same time cause a number of environmental problems. Comparing the use of conventional fossil fuels with geothermal energy, this kind of energy production is extremely beneficial, as there are no pollutants and a renewable energy source. Moreover, if we want to compare geothermal energy with other renewable energy sources (such as wind energy, solar energy, etc.), much of the benefits can also be attributed to geothermal energy becouse it is a stable energy source and the area requirement is low. Due to these extremely favorable properties, the study of the applicability of geothermal energy is gaining ground in renewable energy sources. In addition, it is well known that there are approximately 20 to 30 million abandoned oil wells in the world, plus sealed wells for other purposes, and the final number may be much larger. In the case of abandoned oil wells, the escaping residual oil may be a problem, which can lead to significant environmental problems. Taking these factors into account, research on the recyclability of abandoned wells for geothermal purposes becomes a target for more and more research topics around the world. It is interesting to note that a significant part of the publications are concerned with examining the technological potential of energy utilization, studying heat transport processes, and generating general, energetic or economical evaluations. A publication of a kind that would have evaluated the safety of recyclable abandoned wells in publishing databases was limited. It is therefore an important question that the abandoned wells, from the point of view of human security and environmental protection. How can they be reactive, how can the new technological elements be built up and how much human security factors of the newly created system are affected by the existing elements?
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Ultrasonic Powder Atomization for Additive Manufacturing
69-75Views:204The following article presents a special case of metal powder production, ultrasonic metal atomization. In this case, ultrasound technology is based on the capillary wave phenomenon. We verify the suitability of the produced powders for 3D metal printing with various tests. In the case of prints with a metal powder bed fusion (PBF), the properties of the raw material of the powder are extremely important. The main results of the tests carried out in the article (SEM images, EDS composition analysis, sieve analysis) were described.
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Business Process Development with the Application of Simulation Technique
109-118Views:181The object of our work to increase production efficiency with the use of cost-efficient development tools at a Hungarian small enterprise. We apply data gathering techniques besides process modelling and diagnostic methods to reduce the total process time of the assembly process so as to induce cost reduction in the production. In this respect we investigate and rank root causes of wastes by cost-effective process development tools, like timebased FMEA (failure mode and effects analysis) as well as the 5 whys method. With the use of Monte-Carlo simulation companies can evaluate the change in the process, therefore, they can decide whether they want to carry out corrective measures or not. The accomplished changes can generate increasing competitive edge in the long run.
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Operational Feasibility Assessment of Geothermal Heat Harnessing Systems
46-53Views:173Renewable energy sources are now essential to establish sustainable development. This paper examines one kind of source the geothermal energy. For geothermal energy when combined with a heat pump COP can be used for evaluation. For solely geothermal sources different approach is needed thus in the paper, a new geothermal heat production coefficient is used to examine the operational feasibility. For the assessment, many hypothetical buildings were created to model their heat demands. Two types of calculation methods are used for heat demand calculation. Based on the results, the maximum depth of a geothermal borehole and economically critical qualitative coefficient was concluded.
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The impact of realization of solar power plant installation requests in Mandatory Purchase (KÁT) system on the electricity supply of Hungarian settlements
54-60Views:111The support system of renewable energy production was changed in Hungary in 2017. The legislator created the Mandatory Purchase (KÁT) system earlier to encourage the electricity production from renewable energy sources and waste. The Renewable Energy Subsidy System (Metár) changed the Mandatory Purchase (KÁT) system from the 1st of January in 2017. It had been known before Metár came into force that the supported period in the Matár would be only 13 years while it was 25 years in the KÁT. Therefore, a real rush started for the KÁT support licenses in 2016 in order to make more beneficial contracts by the investors. At the time, the Hungarian Energy and Public Utility Regulatory Authority (MEKH) released a record amount of licenses (more than 2000 pieces) to build solar power plants under 500 kW performance. This is more than 1000 MW total power. This paper searches the answer how this solar power plants will influence the level of self-sufficiency of the Hungarian settlements in the electricity supply if those are realized. Hereinafter, we will analyze the possible impact of these solar power plants in the settlement electricity self-sufficiency.
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Design and Implementation of BHN Testing Equipment To Measure Remaining Stress Of Wheelset Parts (Tie Rod and Stabilizer Bar)
337-341Views:195Nowadays in the automotive industry both production and service, requires accurate lifetime calculations. Today we have big amount of theoretical background and nowadays the importancy of technical and industrial databases become more and more important. By materials scientific and fracture mechanics aspects are well covered, but the remaining stresses which are present in every step of production, we can not clearly identify the origin of them. There are different paralell methods to mesure them, but the application of different methods are depending on the engineers, and their expreiences at the company. This part of the analysis is not standardised yet, so there are differences even in the same company.
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Laboratory-scale gasification of brown coal and char from RDF pyrolysis
188-193Views:157The pyrolysis is a promising process for producing syngas from wastes. However, the by-product of the technology may contain large quantities of carbon, therefore it is suitable for further syngas production. In this paper we examined the steam gasification of brown coal from Felsőnyárád and char from RDF pyrolysis derived from an experimental pilot plant operating in Zalaegerszeg. We performed our experiments in a laboratory-scale fix-bed reactor at 900 °C. The aim of this work to examine the efficiency of syngas production from pyrolysis char, as well as to explore the similarities and differences of the thermal decomposition of the feedstock materials.
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A Wounded Soldier Fighting on two Fronts: Civil Society Organizations Initiatives Struggling to Overcome the Pandemic Crisis by Practical Protective Means, Volunteerism, Reporting and Awareness Campaign Discourse
136-151Views:186Given the fact that the covid-19 pandemic virus has had a pervasive impact on almost every sphere of life globally, it is noteworthy to highlight the role and position of the civil society sector, and this paper intends to do so by striking at two matters. Initially, outlining the impact on the functioning and activities of Civil Society Organizations (CSOs), to then proceed with their response to the crisis, through new multifarious initiatives/activities. The analysis was developed by using, essentially, unobtrusive data and direct non-participatory observations of Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) in Kosovo that have had initiatives against covid-19. Although CSOs were badly affected by the pandemic as such, and the consequences it brought, whether, through measures and/or neglect from the central level, they still found the resources and willingness to launch initiatives to combat the pandemic in the form or different. All over the country, appeared organizations which among their activities found a place for awareness campaigns, material and financial assistance to citizens in need, production of masks, face shields, and other protective equipment for citizens or health institutions, and providing voluntary assistance as health staff. To link practice with theory, there are presented cases of NGOs that well reflect scholarship ideas such as the need to have a classification of CSOs based on activities, the importance of their IT repertoires, coproduction, and especially the response to the crisis. The importance of this study grounds on the benefit it brings to understanding the role and contribution of CSOs in exceptional times of crisis, especially for a society that underestimates and neglects this sector.
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Municipal Geothermal Systems: Evaluation of Three Hungarian Cases
81-93Views:129Geothermal energy holds great potential for a sustainable future, as it is a clean and weather-independent form of energy. In addition to energy production, it can also serve the population of a region through direct use. In this paper, three municipal geothermal systems (Szarvas, Nagyszénás, Békéscsaba) in the same Hungarian region which have been recently installed or expanded are presented and analysed. Here, the direct usage of geothermal energy for heating purposes is a very important issue. The three systems show several differences and to some extent face different challenges in the various phases of the projects. Particular attention has been paid to engineering solutions to the problems that arise. The challenges, such as technical difficulties during installation, maintenance difficulties, or problems arising during operation are introduced. The strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of similar geothermal systems were summarized, based on the relevant literature. These points were evaluated by their appearance and characteristics in the examined systems. This study aims to provide insights, based on recently gained experiences, into geothermal projects, thus providing feedback and practical information for researchers and practitioners.
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Model Calculations on the Use of Mobile and Stationary Units for Wood Pellet Production
1-8Views:335This paper presents the model calculations made for supporting the decision making of different technology alternatives. Base cases were A) use of a mobile pelletizer and B) using pellet factories at fixed locations for the production of a new product, sheep wool pellets. Calculations were made for three alternatives for each base case. The results of the model were used to examine the energy, time and cost criteria of the alternatives. Based on the given preliminaries, results of the model calculations supported the recommendation to choose case B) for further technology management and supply chain management decisions.
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Analysis of Social Media Activities - Through the Examination of Handball Clubs Competing at Different Levels
39-53Views:323In Hungary, handball enjoys special attention and support, this is true not only for our country, but also for Europe, and the sport is gaining more and more space worldwide. One of the biggest innovations of the last two decades is certainly social media, which has reformed the basic strategies related to information transfer and traditional marketing activities. The processes of content production on these platforms have radically changed, which every sports club should pay attention to, as they can gain significant advantages in terms of economics, marketing and community building if they are able to communicate well. Three sports clubs competing at different levels were compared during a qualitative study in terms of their social media marketing strategy activities, namely PICK Szeged, Balatonfüredi KSE – BFKA Balatonfüred and DEAC handball team. The basic concept of this research model was built on how the online marketing communication activities of club teams fighting for different professional goals at different levels differ from each other, as well as what are the development opportunities and aspects that can be used as effectively as possible on social media platforms. The handball club teams agreed on several research questions, but a significant difference could also be discovered in one area, in which the professionals responsible for social media disagreed or represented a different point of view. Looking at my results, it can be concluded that behind a successful online marketing strategy there is always serious preparation and planning work, as well as the diversification of content production on different platforms, because the consumer communities of the platforms are also different from each other.
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Six Sigma in preconstruction: case study on improving of reinforcement steel processing
49-60Views:137Lean process improvements are crucial for enhancing production efficiency. In my research, I examine the application of the DMAIC methodology to develop the MEP facility within the framework of lean Six Sigma. Highlighting the challenges of precast concrete production, my study details how lean management aids in efficient process design and measurement. Introducing lean Six Sigma methodology involves standardizing processes and ensuring their effective development, contributing to the facility's efficiency
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The Relationship Between Renewable Energy Consumption, Net Energy Import, Greenhouse Gas Emission and Human Cap
58-71Views:170The measures to improve energy efficiency and increase of renewable energy production and consumption should be encouraged in the interest of sustainable development. Many factors can influence the use of renewable energy such as the level of economic development of an economy, nationals’ and the main economic actors’ environmental awareness, energy import dependency, ratio of the urban population, and government subsidization intensity among the others. The main purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between the share of renewable energy in the total energy consumption and net energy import as a percentage of energy use less production, greenhouse gas emission per capita and human capital using by OECD countries data from 1990 to 2014. The results indicate that there is a negative relationship between net energy import and renewable energy consumption, and also negative relationship can be shown between the amount of greenhouse gas emission per capita and renewable energy consumption. However, we identified a positive relationship between human capital and renewable energy consumption for energy importer countries above a certain level of human capital.
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Maintenance of Electric and Hybrid Vehicles
37-46Views:514An electric car is a vehicle powered by one or more electric engines, utilizing energy stored within batteries that are rechargeable. The first register of a usable electrical vehicle dates from 1880s. A hybrid vehicle incorporates two or more different power types, including, e.g., gasoline engines and electric motor. The goal in this work is to present the overall overview of the structure of the electric, hybrid and electric-hybrid vehicles, advantages and disadvantages of these types, the main points to focus when maintaining these and the challenges involved in its production and maintenance.
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R&D infield of “Waste-to-Energy”in Institute of Raw Materials Preparation and Environmental Processing, University of Miskolc
49-57Views:137The importance of research and development in the field of „Waste-to-Energy” is vital in our modern society trying to establish the circular economy. Such R&D activity has been carrying out at Institute of Raw Materials Preparation and Environmental Processing for decades in several directions. This paper deals with the main results of research on refuse derived fuel from MSW, biogas production, briquetting of biomass, as well as production of fluid fuels.
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Value Creation along a Production-Service Value Chain
91-99Views:154Today’s products and services are so complicated and intertwined that their individual value creation is hard to determine. It is especially true when the products and services are necessary complements of each other and when they are affecting customer satisfaction for a long time. In the case of durable products needing professional installment service, the study of value creation poses many difficulties. Our research shows and emphasizes the process characteristic of value creation, and how the different steps (production, service, long-term use) should be looked at, and what further analyses can be done.
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Global and Domestic Status and Prospects of Green Biomass Utilization
85-105Views:162Nowadays, the energy consumption of global population is depending on fossil fuels, but the role of renewable energies has been increasing rapidly, primarily due to the depletion of fossil fuels, the appreciation of environmental problems and climate policies. Biomass is the fourth most important energy resource in the world, provided an estimated 70% of global renewable energy supply. However, the annual growth rate of biomass is lagging behind modern renewable energy sources. The type of biomass is very diverse and can be processed and utilised by different methods. Currently, in the "green chemistry" industry (the replacement of petroleum-based, synthetic chemical raw materials with bio-based compounds from plant biomass), the importance of combustion, pyrolysis, biogas, bioethanol, biodiesel and basic chemical compounds production have been increasing. The objectives of the present research is to analyse the global and domestic status of renewable energies and biomass production, furthermore the possibilities of utilization of perennial, herbaceous biomass plant, the giant reed (Arundo donax L.), with which has been conducting research for numerous years at the University of Debrecen.
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Analysis of Thermal Degradation in the Annealing Process of Colored Parts Built by Extrusion-Based 3D Printing
124-133Views:399With the ever-increasing request of light materials, poly lactic (acid) PLA, have got much in consideration. Low-cost PLA materials have risen its use. Those possess some benefits but nevertheless insufficient mechanical strength. The printed PLA objects have a stumbling block for practical applications. Thus, annealing is an interested alternative to make 3D printed objects strong. This thermal treatment can significantly develop investigational studies and offer technical data. Hence the purpose of this paper is study and discuss how to increase the flexural strength through annealing process. Geometry distortions and color degradation will be analyzed. Differential Scanning Calorimetry, Taguchi Method (TM) and variance (ANOVA) were applied as part of the design experiments and analysis. Twenty-seven printed specimens were tested and factors as temperature, time and color were selected.
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The Analysis of the Composition of Greywater and the Effectiveness of a Household Greywater Treatment System
142-150Views:185The purpose of the current study is to give comparable results to previous and further examinations concerning the quality of household generated greywater and to determine the effectiveness of a household wastewater treatment system treating only household generated greywater. Data for this study were collected from a household which avoids the production of black water at the source by using dry toilet. Water samples were collected from January 2017 until May 2017, altogether seven times. Samples were taken from 3 different places: (i) potable water from the kitchen tap, (ii) greywater sample from the first sewage tank of the household sewage treatment system and (iii) greywater sample from the fourth (last) sewage tank of the household sewage treatment system. A total of 16 physical, chemical and microbiological parameters were measured in the laboratory using the valid standard methods in each cases. The results of this investigation show that separating black water from greywater at the source by using dry toilet may produce considerably smaller environmental load. Lower emission values stems from the lower organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorus content of greywater.
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Investigating the Effects of Active Cooling in 3D Printing
39-47Views:1463D printing is an increasingly widespread manufacturing process. With the development of machines and materials, the technology is becoming more accessible and easier to use. However, the technology's specificities mean that it requires knowledge of manufacturing technology. In some cases, it is necessary to solidify the freshly deposited layers as soon as possible in the event of large overhangs. This can be achieved by active cooling, which in turn can affect the material properties of the part. This research investigates the effects of active cooling during production.
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Examination of Infrared Tomato Drying
303-309Views:104Tomato is a highly perishable food, thus preservation is required to meet the continuous market demand compared to the unbalanced yearly production peak. The aim of this paper is to show a detailed insight into infraradiation based drying process. Furthermore, to widen the possible usage range of a well-known approximation method for describing the temporal moisture variation in function of process parameters. The mass decrease of tomato slices was examined, in function of specific radiation power, heat source and sample distance, in forced and natural airflow. Based on the results dimensionless moisture ratio change over time was fitted as an exponential function, which may be used in industrial drying process optimization.
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Present and Future of Industrial Robotisation
13-24Views:149The following paper analyzing the installation of industrial robotisation in sectors and regions, in addition carry out forcastings on historical data. In recent years, automation and the use of industrial robotics have increased exponentially in the manufacturing sector. Given that companies prioritize enhanced production efficiency, quality assurance, and safety, it is evident that substantial investment and implementation of automation continue to occur in manufacturing facilities worldwide. The number of industrial robots globally has been growing steadily since 2010. However, the rate of growth has slowed from 2020 onwards. The impact of the Covid-19 epidemic was still felt in 2020, but the deployment of industrial robots increased significantly in 2021. Global industrial robot deployment is projected to continue to grow in the coming years, although the rate of increase may vary between regions and countries. The analysis showed a number of differences between regions in the number and growth rate of industrial robot deployments. Asia and Australia are the largest markets for robots and the number of robots deployed is expected to continue to grow in the future. Europe is the second largest market and, although growing at a slower rate, industrial robot deployment is also increasing steadily. In the Americas, growth is slower than in other regions, but still increasing. Global growth trends suggest that there will be further growth in the coming years and that the deployment of industrial robots will become more widespread in different parts of the world.
