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New data on the Hungarian adventive flora: Acer opalus Mill. subsp. obtusatum (Waldst. et Kit. ex Willd.) Gams 1925 in Hungary
229-238Views:40Acer opalus Miller 1768 because of its complex taxonomic status can be interpreted as a collective species which contains several species and subspecies depending on different interpretations. An important adventive occurrence from this collective species was found in a forest that belongs to the Tétényi plateau (Budapest, 11th district) in July of 2009. It is proved to be Acer opalus Mill. subsp. obtusatum (Waldst. et Kit. ex Wild.) Gams. The natural range of the subspecies covers the eastern side of the central Mediterranean Sea region and western Balkan Peninsula. It is a submediterranean-mediterranean, thermophile, shade-tolerant taxon but often appears together lightdemanding species too. In its native range it occurs in beech, pine, sessile oak forests and in different types of dry oak forests as admixed tree species. The subspecies was found in a turkey oak – sessile oak community in Hungary. Several old, seed growing individuals live on the spot which have had continuous seed production. Therefore from the old trees to the young seedlings different age categories are represented.
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Data to the flora and vegetation of Hungary I.
89-104Views:64The present study reports the occurrence data of 54 vascular plant taxa, collected at various localities in Hungary during floristic, vegetation and ecological field surveys between 2000 and 2013. In some cases, phytosociological relevés were prepared to characterize the local coenological properties of the species. Many of these species are included in the „Red list of the vascular flora of Hungary” (e.g. Carthamus lanatus, Sedum caespitosum, Spiranthes spiralis and Trifolium micranthum). Some of them (e.g. Apium repens, Dianthus diutinus, Epipactis bugacensis and Ranunculus psilostachys) are rarities in the whole country. Our findings suggest that conservationists should focus not only on the maintenance of semi-natural habitats but also on the investigation of secondary habitats (e.g. river embankments, temporary pools on arable fields) in order to maintain the total species diversity of the landscape.
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Contributions to the flora of railway-side pioneer habitats on Tiszántúl region
86–101Views:382Verges have considerable importance to preserve diversity in arable landscape. The modernized railway embankments are a great surface to the spread of native pioneer or adventive (invasive) plant species. The new data are about the flora of railway embankments mainly from Tiszántúl region. I present some species found on railway verges (e.g. Equisetum ×moorei, Equisetum ramosissimum, Lycopsis arvensis, Euphorbia maculata, Lepidium densiflorum Tragus racemosus, Vulpia myuros). An especially important new data is the refinding of Galium humifusum in Hungary. Locally non-native and adventive species can use the blanketing materials (sand or gravel) of railway embankments as dispersal corridor and colonize them. The railwayside habitats could contribute to the conservation of rare native pioneer species.
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Floristic data from Miskolc and the Bükk Mountains (N Hungary)
267-274Views:86In the paper new floristic data originated form field works between 2009 and 2014 in the Bükk Mountains and in the city of Miskolc, Hungary are reported. Data presented here are mainly from the eastern part of the mountain range, near Miskolc, but there are also some data from the central and northern part of the mountains. The most interesting result is the discovery of a new stand of Epipactis tallosii in the inhabited area of Miskolc-Hejőcsaba, but in the inhabited area of Miskolc Cephalanthera damasonium, Neottia nidus-avis and Allium scorodoprasum was also found. New localities of Callitriche c.f. palustris, Alisma lanceolatum and Berula erecta are provided, which species have not been found in the Bükk recently, while Lactuca perennis, Crepis biennis and Lycopus europaeus was not known in the township of Miskolc so far. New localities of Iris pseudacorus, Iris sibirica, Clematis integrifolia, Carex acutiformis, Thalictrum lucidum, Pseudolysimachion longifolium etc. were found near MiskolcKomlóstető, Epipactis microphylla, Carex acuta, Eqiusetum telmateia, Listera ovata etc. were found near Miskolctapolca, and Epipactis tallosii, Juncus tenuis, Carduus nutans, Berula erecta, Scutellaria galericulata, Myosotis scorpioides and Ranunculus sceleratus were found in the vicinity of Miskolc-Görömböly. It can be concluded that the flora of the surroundings of Miskolc (i.e. Miskolc-Komlóstető, Miskolctapolca and Miskolc-Görömböly) are not yet known sufficiently.
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Sándor Polgár and the research of the adventive flora of Hungary
188–197Views:93In the 20th century Sándor Polgár was one of the most outstanding researchers of adventive plant species in Hungary. He wrote nine publications in this theme. In the industrial environment of his home town Győr (NW Hungary) he found tropical species, most of them were southern-American origin. The richest alien flora came around the oil factories of the town. He reported 65 taxa new for the Hungarian flora, four of them were new for Europe too. He was a great expert of problematic Solanum, Amaranthus and Chenopodium genera.
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Contributions to the flora of the Szuha watershed and adjacent territories (NE Hungary)
27-67Views:272This paper presents new floristic data of 415 taxa from the Putnok Hills and Sajó Valley microregions (Northern Hungary). Records were collected between 1991 and 2021. In the first part new occurrences of legally protected (e.g., Cypripedium calceolus, Iris aphylla subsp. hungarica, Lycopodium clavatum, Thalictrum aquilegiifolium, Pyrola rotundifolia, Scorzonera purpurea, Stipa pulcherrima) and not protected but locally rare or data-deficient species (e.g., Myosurus minimus, Thalictrum simplex, Sisymbrium loeselii, Camelina microcarpa, Potentilla collina, Trifolium striatum, Geranium pratense, G. dissectum, G. divaricatum, Viola pumila, Epilobium roseum, Myriophyllum spicatum, Pimpinella major, Berula erecta, Trinia ramosissima, Centaurium pulchellum, Nepeta cataria, Limosella aquatica, Veronica scutellata, Orobanche arenaria, Utricularia vulgaris, Galium elongatum, Cephalaria transsylvanica, Dipsacus fullonum, Xanthium saccharatum, Alisma lanceolatum, Elodea canadensis, Potamogeton pectinatus, P. berchtoldii, P. lucens, P. nodosus, Zannichellia palustris, Sisyrinchium bermudiana, Melica picta, Elymus elongatus, Leersia oryzoides, Typha laxmannii, Eriochloa villosa) are presented. This chapter contains data on 246 species from which 8 are new for the flora of the Tornense flora region and 47 for its subregion, the Putnok Hills. Further contributions to the distribution data of Atlas Florae Hungariae are presented in Electronic Appendix. This section contains raw occurrence data of 169 species.
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New Epipactis species in the flora of the Vértes Mts
104-105Views:205Here, I report Epipactis occurrences new to the flora of the Vértes Mts (Transdanubian Mts, north-western Hungary). In 2020, new populations of Epipactis pontica Taubenheim, E. moravica Batoušek and E. pseudopurpurata Mered’a were found in old mesic beech and mixed beech forests.
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Contributions to the flora of Western-Transdanubia (W Hungary)
213-234Views:105In this paper, we presented the results of our floristic survey in West-Hungarian region. The data were collected between 2005 and 2015 and supportted with herbaria or photo-documentation. This paper reports new floristic data of 98 taxa from West-Hungary with altogether 172 field-collected data records. In the survey we focused on little-known taxa with a phyto-geographic importance. For some taxa we checked the herbarium specimens of Savaria Museum and Natural History Museum of Budapest. During our fieldwork we recorded 8 species new to W-Hungary, including 3 species considered to be native to the region [Oenanthe banatica Heuff., Koeleria pyramidata (Lam.) P. Beauv., Polycnemum majus A. Braun.]. Almost all of the recorded species are regarded as indigenous plants, many of them has nature conservation importance, thus, their monitoring are highly advised. We found new localities of many species which of high importance for plant geography describing their current distribution. Most of the recorded species occur in natural or semi-natural habitats, but some taxa were found in synanthropic habitats and extensive arable lands.
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Contributions to the distribution of Arabis nemorensis (Cruciferae) in Hungary
155-169Views:94Arabis nemorensis is a poorly-known species with sparse and mostly uncertain literature records in Hungary. A complete list of its known occurrences was presented in Soó’s synopsis in 1968. A few new records of this taxon have been reported since then. In the present study all literature records were evaluated by means of revision of Hungarian herbarium materials. Several vouchers were succesfully traced, and their identity as A. nemorensis was confirmed (Baja, Ercsi, Lesenceistvánd, Miskolc, Nagykanizsa, Szigetújfalu). In other cases, the putative vouchers belonged to A. hirsuta or A. sagitatta, thus the corresponding literature records proved to be erroneous (Balatonmáriafürdő-alsó, Gyenesdiás, Kőszeg, Vasboldogasszony, Zalaújlak). On the other hand, hitherto unknown Hungarian localities of A. nemorensis were revealed, specifically in the Bükk Mts. (Eger, Kács), the Bakony Mts. (Márkó), in the western Balaton region (Hahót, Hévíz, Keszthely-Fenékpuszta, Nyirád, Tapolca) and the Hungarian Plains (Csákvár, Debrecen, Egeralja, Fertőd-Eszterháza, Kiskőrös, Lébény, Ócsa, Sárszentmihály, Szigetszentmiklós). The species appeared to be new for the phytogeographical regions Bakonyicum and Nyírségense. Additionally, a few specimens of A. nemorensis collected outside the territory of present-day Hungary were revised in BP. The historical occurrence of the species at Torja (Turia in Romania) is documented by two specimens (Schur, 1853, as A. gerardi; Jávorka & Keller, 1943, as A. hirsuta). Another specimen that was collected in 1879 at Óbecse (Bečej) and labelled as A. glastifolia by Kovács was found to be A. nemorensis too. Since the identity of Schneller’s literature record (1858) from Futak is uncertain, Kovács’s specimen is currently the only, though historical record of this species from Vojvodina province in Serbia. Further specimens of A. nemorensis were discovered in the collections of Lengyel. They were collected and labelled as A. sagittata near Pomogy (Pamhagen) in 1910 (and questionably in 1919), probably representing the first gathering of A. nemorensis from Burgenland state in Austria.
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Data to the flora of Sopron Hills and its foreground
239-242Views:71The present study reports additional records to the flora of Sopron Hills and Sopron Basin. The records were collected during our field surveys between 2010 and 2014 and contain occurrence data of 19 vascular plant taxa. The genus Orobanche is represented by 5 species. Two taxa are new for the flora of Sopron Hills (Amaranthus blitoides, Orobanche teucrii), others are interesting because of their old or uncertain indication (e.g. Dianthus superbus, Myosotis sparsiflora, Orobanche lutea, Orobanche purpurea).
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Dactylorhiza traunsteineri (Saut. ex Rchb.) Soó: an unexpected record in the Romanian flora
15-24Views:80Dactylorhiza Necker ex Nevski is a complex genus. The taxonomy of these dactylorchids is widely considered to be complicated due to relatively high morphological variability within species and high frequency of hybridization between species. During a floristic survey of the Valea Morii (Morii Valley, Malomvölgy) Nature Reserve in June 2017, a population of Dactylorhiza traunsteineri (Saut. ex. Rchb.) Soó, a species with uncertain presence in the Romanian flora was found. In the Morii Valley, this narrow-leaved marsh-orchid was encountered in fen-patches, in phytocoenoses of the plant association Orchido-Schoenetum nigricantis Oberd. 1957. Due to the cool and wet microclimate of the Morii Valley, many glacial relicts and other plant rarities (e.g. Tofieldia calyculata (L.) Wahlenb., Swertia perennis (L.), Liparis loeselii (L.) Rich., Ophioglossum vulgatum L. Schoenus nigricans L.) had been able to survive on strongly humid places on calcareous soils. This study reports the first occurrence of D. traunsteineri in Romania confirming the presence of a highly debated taxon. We also discuss the morphological features, habitat preference and conservation status of this new species in the Romanian Flora.
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Cardamine occulta Hornem. in Hungary, and other stowaways of the ornamental plant trade
195–214Views:405During the study of the weed flora of garden centers in Hungary (among 2017–2020), remarkable populations of Cardamine occulta Hornem., a new alien for the Hungarian flora were found. C. occulta was present altogether in 51 of the 53 visited sites. Dominantly the regularly irrigated and continuously moist microhabitats (pots, containers, muddy surfaces of geotextile-covered beds etc.) were colonized. During the revision of our recently collected specimens, deposited in JPU and DE herbaria as Cardamine hirsuta L., further individuals proved to identical with this till overlooked species. One of them (27.08.2004., Heves county: Eger [8088.3; 8188.1], coll. by A. Schmotzer, deposited in DE collection) proved to the third documented occurrence in Europe, comparing to the accessed literature data. Eclipta prostrata (L.) L. and Urtica membranacea Poir. are also new aliens for the Hungarian flora. Several introduced individuals of these taxa were found in containers of imported thermophilous woody ornamentals at 4 and 2 sites, respectively. Tens of individuals of Eclipta prostrata were also found in a sapling-bed at another site. New populations of scarce or rare Euphorbia prostrata Aiton, E. serpens Kunth and Veronica peregrina L. were also documented.
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Multiclavula mucida (Basidiomycota) and other cryptogamic taxa in the Hungarian flora
173–184Views:163The paper deals with the species found during cryptogamic flora mapping in 2023 that are remarkable from a floristic, taxonomic or conservational point of view. We present data from the Bükk Mts of two Trapeliopsis species which appear to be rare in Hungary. Multiclavula mucida, which is apparently a rare basidiomycete lichen species in Europe that prefers humid, montane habitats was discovered in the Mecsek Mts as a new species for the Hungarian flora. Of the knothole moss, Anacamptodon splachnoides, which is now thought to be entomophilic, we communicate the only extant population from Southern Transdanubia. We report the first occurrence of the atlantic-mediterranean Leptodon smithii from the Hungarian side of the Great Hungarian Plain. Numerous data of the corticole Neckera pennata indicate that in Hungary the distributional centre of this species is situated in the county of Baranya in the lowlands. New data from the Bükk Mts underline that in the Pannonian region Buxbaumia viridis is primarily a terricole species of acidophilous beech forests. We communicate the first occurrence from the lowlands of the alien lignicolous Sematophyllum adnatum which is dangerously spreading in Europe, at the same time one of the most vigorous populations in the Pannonian region. The third Hungarian occurrence of Callicladium haldanianum, a species that seems to spread in bogs, as well as the second occurrence of Racomitrium lanuginosum, growing abundantly on an andesite boulder scree in Mátra Mts, are also reported here. Of Phegopteris connectilis we present in photographic documentation the first extant population from Southern Transdanubia, and we discuss whether the first publication from Mecsek Mts is correct or exact. In addition to listing the floristic data, we also briefly discuss the (mis)use of distribution data in the context of climate change, the difficulties of distinguishing the microtaxa of some pteridophytes, e.g. Asplenium adiantum-nigrum agg. and Dryopteris affinis agg., and we correct one of our previously published, erroneous Hedwigia stellata data. Some interesting data of other taxa (such as Leucobryum glaucum, Palustriella commutata, Tetraphis pellucida, Gymnocarpium robertianum, Ophioglossum vulgatum) are also mentioned in the paper.
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Data to the flora and vegetation of Hungary II.
104–113Views:152We report the occurrence data of 45 vascular plant taxa collected at various localities in Hungary (Duna–Tisza Interfluve, Tiszántúl and South Transdanubia) during floristic, vegetation and ecological field surveys mostly between 2013 and 2016. Many of these plants are included in the ’Red list of the vascular flora of Hungary’ (e.g. Astragalus dasyanthus, Erodium ciconium and Lotus angustissimus). We primarily focused on the occurrence of rare plants (e.g. Apium repens, Epipactis bugacensis and Trifolium strictum), plants that appeared in unexpected places (e.g. Medicago arabica, Polypodium vulgare and Polystichum setiferum) or have a phyto-geographic importance (e.g. Piptatherum virescens, Ranunculus psilostachys and Tamus communis).
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Cyperus odoratus in Hungary
157–164Views:248Eleven species of the genus Cyperus have been reported from Hungary so far, of which 3 are certainly aliens. A small population of C. odoratus, new for the flora of Hungary, was found along the River Danube near Foktő settlement (Bács-Kiskun County, S Hungary) in late autumn of 2019. On this occasion blooming specimens were observed in the floodplain ruderal vegetation on the bank of a fork of the Danube. This species is widespread in the tropical and subtropical regions of the World, and was first introduced to Europe in the early 1950s. More recently it has been spreading along certain rivers of Italy and Spain. It was discovered along the river Danube in Romania in the early 1990s, and later at the upper parts of the river in Bulgaria, Croatia and Serbia. Its introduction into Hungary is connected with the Danube, too. Based on foreign experience, it is probable that C. odoratus will be spreading along the Hungarian Danube system, hopefully, not as an invasive species.
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Carpathian, Transylvanian, Dacian and Pannonian elements in the flora of Sălaj region (NW Romania)
259-267Views:117This paper gives an account of biogeographically interesting plant species of the traditional ethnographic region Sălaj (in Hungarian: “Szilágyság”, NW Romania). The flora of the region, which is situated between the Transylvanian Basin and the eastern part of the Great Hungarian Plain, contains, besides the prevailing European species, a significant percentage of plant species from different biogeographic regions. Among these we noticed the continental species of eastern origin, as well as southern Sub-Mediterranean species broadly distributed in this area. A significant number of other interesting species is further represented by the endemic and sub-endemic Carpathian (Aconitum moldavicum Hacq., Symphytum cordatum Waldst. & Kit.), Transylvanian (Cephalaria radiata Griseb. & Schenk, Onosma pseudoarenaria Schur subsp. pseudoarenaria), Dacian (Helleborus purpurascens Waldst. & Kit., Phyteuma tetramerum Schur) and Pannonian (Centaurea sadleriana Janka), species, which occur in very different habitats.
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Herbarium database of the vascular collection of Eszterházy Károly College (EGR)
339-348Views:118The paper describes the vascular herbarium of the Eszterházy Károly College (EGR) in Eger (Hungary), according to its condition in 2013. All specimens of the herbarium were documented by digital photographs (ca. 8 000 specimens), and all data from the labels were entered into MS Excel spreadsheet. 54% of the specimens were collected in present-day Hungary, the other half comes mainly from the neighbouring countries, but more distant European countries are represented as well. Hungarian specimens were collected mostly in Heves, Pest, Zala, Vas, Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén and Veszprém counties. Most of the herbarium sheets originated from the 1860’s and the 1950–60’s. Apart from these periods the collection has hardly developed. The most prolific collectors were Gábor Vida, Márton Vrabélyi, Árpád Károlyi and Tamás Pócs. More than half of the Hungarian flora (61%) is represented in EGR, although some taxa (e.g. Pterydophyta, Gymnospermatophyta) are much underrepresented. The digital photographs and the database are property of the authors and the Department of Botany and Ecology of Eszterházy Károly College. Data of non-cultivated plants collected in the territory of present-day Hungary are summarized in an electronic appendix (http://kitaibelia.unideb.hu/?download&aid=852&volume_id=94&lang=hun – including: catalogue number, taxon name, collector, settlement, date of gathering and file name of the documentary photograph). Further data can be required from the corresponding author or the curator of the herbarium.
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Literature reviews
259-260Views:78Kovács J. A. (2019): Székelykeresztúr vidékének növényzeti öröksége. – Tortoma Könyvkiadó, Barót, 780 pp.
Király G. & Takács G. (2020): A magyar Fertő edényes flórája. – Rence 3., Fertő-Hanság Nemzeti Park Igazgatóság, Sarród, 430 pp.
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Rediscovery of Orchis mascula subsp. signifera (Vest) Soó in the Keszthely Mts (Transdanubia, Hungary)
51–54Views:120Orchis mascula subsp. signifera is a rare, legally protected and endangered species of the Hungarian flora. Currently it is recorded from 25 flora mapping grid cell in Hungary. The westernmost Hungarian occurrence of the species was documented by a voucher collected by Dénes Gotthárd in 1976. After four decades the occurrence of O. mascula in the Keszthely Mts was confirmed in 2015. The local habitat preference and major threats to the taxon are briefly discussed.
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The occurrence of Viola collina Besser in the Bükk and Uppony Mts. (N Hungary)
254-258Views:116Herbarium revisions and recent field observations revealed the occurrence of Viola collina Besser in the Bükk and Uppony Mts. (northern Hungary). This species has not been reported from the North Hungarian Mountains thus far. Altogether 94 localities of V. collina have been recorded in that region between 2007 and 2014. A map of the species’ local distribution is provided. Local habitat preferences of V. collina are briefly discussed.
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Taxonomic revision of alien Ludwigia species in Hungary
153–164Views:227Some tropical Ludwigia species have been planted as ornamentals in Hungarian thermal springs since the 1920s. Although they have become naturalised or even invasive in a few places, their specific identity remained generally uncertain. Our herbarium and field studies revealed that three species of alien water-primroses occur in Hungary. The most frequently planted one is Ludwigia repens, which is, however, a sporadic species in its native distribution area. We have found this species in several parts of the country. Although a few escaped and self-sustaining populations were also observed, this species has appeared to be non-invasive so far. Ludwigia grandiflora appeared in Hungary at the beginning of the 2000s. At the moment it is known from three localities, though spreading rapidly, becoming already invasive in its locality at Tata city. A similar species, L. peploides has recently been reported from two localities, where it forms small stands; the success of its naturalisation can be assessed in the future. We found no evidence for the Hungarian occurrence of L. alterniflora that had been published from Eger city. Therefore we suggest deleting this species from the current Hungarian checklist.
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Floristic records from Northern Hungary III. Zemplén Mts
109–172Views:374We report new floristic data collected from the Zemplén Mountains between 2004–2022. Altogether, 1215 occurrences of 133 species were recorded from 33 Central European Flora Mapping quadrats. We present occurrences of so far not reported or rare species, e.g., Carex appropinquata, C. cespitosa, C. disticha, Centaurea stenolepis, Scabiosa columbaria, Tephroseris aurantiaca. We put special emphasis on occurrence data of geobotanical importance, such as Anthriscus nitidus, Echium maculatum, Lunaria rediviva, Nepeta pannonica, Oreopteris limbosperma, Petasites albus, Primula elatior, Thlaspi jankae, Veronica montana, as well as newly rediscovered species based on archive data: Cirsium rivulare, Parnassia palustris. We mention common species, which are lacking data from the area, e.g., Adoxa moschatellina, Allium flavum, Cardamine amara, Dipsacus fullonum, Galanthus nivalis. Moreover, we report numerous new occurrences of taxa typical to the Zemplén Mts.: Aruncus dioicus, Huperzia selago, Lycopodium annotinum, Securigera elegans etc. We complete the enumeration with additional data from the literature and herbaria.
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Escaping of Euphorbia myrsinites from cultivation in Eger (E Hungary)
253–256Views:133Euphorbia myrsinites L. (Euphorbiaceae) is a well-known ornamental plant with native distribution around the Mediterranean Basin, the Black Sea, the Caucasus region and Minor Asia. Its escape from cultivation and its naturalization in Western and Central Europe as well as in North America was reported in many cases. In Hungary, the casual escape of E. myrsinites has been documented more than fifty years ago and new observations were recently reported from different regions of the country. Here, I discuss a new record of the species from the town of Eger (E Hungary). The obtained data allow considering E. myrsinites as a locally naturalized species in the flora of Hungary. According to standardized criteria, the species may be able for local invasions too, but further observations are needed to accurately determine its present status in Hungary.
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Annual Lythrum species in Hungary: revision of the subgenus Hyssopifolia
64–70Views:87Four ephemeral Lythrum species have been recorded from Hungary so far. Lythrum hyssopifolia is widely distributed in the whole country. Most occurrences of L. tribracteatum are located in southeastern Hungary and alongside the Danube. The Central Asian L. linifolium was reported from a single locality (Tiszaug village, E Hungary) in 1954, which is the only European record of this species. However, we have ascertained that the voucher specimen of this record differs from L. linifolium in some morphological traits, but strongly resembles L. borysthenicum that is distributed in the Mediterranean and steppe regions of eastern Europe. Based on our revision we suggest deleting L. linifolium from both Hungarian and European checklists. The former Hungarian occurrence of L. thesioides is confirmed by vouchers.
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Short communications
168-174Views:1761. Occurrence of Lycopodium clavatum L. in 'Egri-Bükkalja' microregion (NE Hungary)
2. Contribution to the urban flora of Debrecen (E Hungary)
3. Contributions to the distribution data published in the Atlas of Hungarian Orchids
4. New occurrence of Sisyrinchium bermudiana L. in the Carpathian Basin (Transylvania, Romania)
5. Occurrence of Myagrum perfoliatum L. near Mezőberény town (East Hungary)