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• Social service delivery for senior citizens in rural Philippines and secrets to longevity of Apo Whang-od

  2-14

  Climson L. Balangue

  Views:

  97

  Access to social services such as healthcare, transportation, and financial support can be limited, leaving many elderly individuals vulnerable to poverty and social exclusion. This paper examined the recent elderly demographics, status of social service delivery, the roles of traditional and cultural practices, and specific challenges faced by older persons in rural areas, using the case of Apo Whang-od and her community, Buscalan that is in the municipality of Tinglayan, Province of Kalinga, Philippines. Using a mixed methods approach, this paper revealed that almost 11% of Tinglayan’s population is elderly, mostly indigenous people with a relatively low literacy rate, and low-income earners who are engaged mostly in subsistence farming and small-scale traditional craft making. Also, there are substantial government programs and services offered by existing laws; however, access to these is challenged by limited access to education and healthcare services, with long travel distances and a lack of transportation being major barriers. Financial difficulties were also observed, with no or few having access to social security benefits and reasonable amounts of pensions. The challenges can also be attributed to an unfavorable geographical location, conflicts with neighboring tribes, limited local government funds, lack of knowledge, and inadequate social service centers within the locality. Tinglayan’s cultural values were also found to play a pivotal role in supplementing the scarce social services by fostering a supportive atmosphere for the elderly. Analysing Apo-Whag-od's longevity, it was revealed that she lived a longer life because she ate organic and locally sourced food, slept well, laughed a lot, engaged in regular physical activity, nurtured her spiritual well-being, built strong relationships with her family and community, and kept a positive outlook. In conclusion, social demographics shows that elderlies in rural areas are disadvantaged, which calls for more efficient and effective access, delivery, and availability of social services. Moreover, policymakers are enjoined to accelerate social infrastructures, expand social protection programs, and support intergenerational solidarity and resilience and cultural preservation. Lastly, Apo Whang-od’s legacy lives on. Her popularity not only gained revitalization of the Kalinga tattoo culture, but it also inspired people to follow her steps to longer and happier way of life.

• Családi (informális) gondozást segítő rendszerek Magyarországon

  34-48

  Views:

  237

  The member states of the European Union have to face the challenge of demographic aging. Taking the demographic characteristics of the member states, there are no essential differences in either the current or in the expected future development of the proportion of elderly people. Ageing affects several areas of the welfare regimes, but it is usually the health and pension systems and personal services that are highlighted. This paper deals with a special area of personal services, the family (informal) care and the support of carers in Hungary. The study introduces definitions of the informal care, welfare policies on family caregivers, the systematization attempts of the care policy in the member states, it analyzes the recent past and currently perceived care policy processes and ideologies, and finally describes the specific situation in the former Communist countries through an example of a Hungarian care policy. The basic idea of the article is that although the demographic challenges are similar, but the service policy and the development of the institutional systems show significant differences in each country. In addition to the underdeveloped institutional service system in the different countries, the post-Communist countries lack the supporting tools of the caring family members.

• Bölcs öregedés az életút alkonyán

  180-199

  Tivadar Homor

  Views:

  197

  The study highlights what impression the quality of our life history has on our elderly ourselves. With this complex presentation of the aging process, a more nuanced diagnosis could be made about the versatility of ageing, thus more effective prevention and care programs could be carried out. The recognition and application of the positive philosophy of life outlined in the study contribute to maintaining good mental health of the elderly.

  Practical relevance. The results of the research can be primarily utilzed in care institutions, nursing homes and retirement clubs. It can effectively help the physical, spiritual and mental care of elderly people and help them accept their problematic life situation. The study might be utilized in practice on elementary and intermediate andragogy trainings and on vocational courses (social worker, specialist nurse, therapist).

• Active, Creative Aging II. – Flow

  52-65

  Views:

  300

  Background and aims: In our research, we examined the flow and antiflow experience that older people experience in different life situations (loneliness, time with family and friends, domestic work, leisure or creative activity).
  Methods: In our study, we used a questionnaire examining flow and antiflow experience (anxiety, boredom, apathy) by Oláh A.
  Results an discussion: Overall, creative activity and other leisure activities provide greater flow and less antiflow experience than doing housework. The flow experienced in the family circle is higher in the elderly than in the group of friends. Those engaged in creative activity reported higher flow and lower antiflow experience during loneliness than the control group engaged in other leisure activities.

• Primary aspects of the elderly and information communication technologies

  138-160

  Zsolt Kristóf

  Anita Győri

  Views:

  415

  In this article, we will briefly review information and communication technology (ICT), the most typical characteristics of the elderly age group, and finally, we will look at how and in which areas the elderly can connect to ICT solutions. It is not easy to navigate in a world of rapidly evolving technology even for those who do not have to think about how to learn using ICT. In a rapidly evolving world of technology, it is not easy for those who does not need to think about how to learn how to use ICT to adapt. Those who have not been in touch with ICT for a third or half of their lives start from a serious disadvantage, and this disadvantage can increase in old age. Today it is increasingly difficult to distinguish between the online and offline worlds, and this is unlikely to become easier in the future. Welfare states are characterized by an aging society, and the resulting problems have long been present in all areas, from health to economy. In our study we will examine and bring together relevant literature closely related to this topic, covering quality of life, overcoming loneliness, social inclusion and the health of the individual. Our aim is to explore the potential of ICT for quality ageing of older people, the factors that motivate them to use the tools, the difficulties that hinder their use and learning, and the future prospects. Our study covered the English and Hungarian language literature, publications published in Europe or research conducted in European countries, among people aged 65 and over, between 2011 and 2021.

• The impact of some elements of digitisation and education for the elderly - before the quarantine situation

  29-51

  Views:

  551

  Digitalisation is one of the most important elements of the changes of the 21st century. The study describes the social impact of some areas of digitalisation, especially for the older generations. Beyond the health aspects there are two areas - the supporting power of the community and the fight against loneliness - which give the core of the social importance of the innovative solutions in Hungary.

• Changes in digital skills of seniors during and after covid-19

  115-125

  Views:

  70

  Since 2014, the Senior Academy of Pécs helps people over 60 with tools for active and successful aging. The activity of the academy was cut short by the COVID-19 epidemic, our work was relegated to the online learning space. Our research examined how the digital skills of our seniors changed during and after the quarantine, in 2021 and 2022. The study was carried out by online questionnaire (n=118, n=123). The survey revealed that the digital skills of 45% of the respondents improved, mostly in online shopping and administration. Most of the seniors learn ICT knowledge from their family members or friends. During the quarantine our students spent their time mainly reading and learning online, watching TV takes only 4%. 10% of them clearly experienced the epidemic situation as a loss: "the daily rhythm is missing". 6% of the respondents considered the current situation to be an advantage: their attitude towards learning improved, they were more forced to self-directed learning. The advantages of online education: flexibility in space and time, participation is safe, lectures can be watched any time. The most typical negatives are: the lack of community and discussion, and the fact that online education does not reduce loneliness.

• A magyar lakosok egészségi állapota, egészségmagatartása 2020-as SHARE Corona Survey (Covid-19) adatainak tükrében – Hagyományos statisztikai és rough set alapú elemzés

  126-129

  Péter Takács

  Magdolna Láczay

  Zoltán Szakál

  Levente Varga

  Kristóf Zsolt Nádasdi

  Barbara Paulikné Varga

  Kitti Tóth

  Gabriella Helmeczi

  Views:

  154

  Pályázati támogatás:
  HEAlthy Life ALLiance for Health Tourism Education Development and Reorganisation – HEAL-ALL. Erasmus+ pályázat száma: 2020-1-HU01-KA203-078799

  Bevezetés
  A SHARE (Survey of Health, Aging and Retirement in Europe) felmérés egy olyan európai szintű projekt, amely egy panel-adatbázist fejleszt és gondoz az ötvenéves vagy annál idősebb egyének egészségére, társadalmi-gazdasági helyzetére, valamint szociális és családi hálózataira vonatkozó adatok vonatkozásában. A SHARE adatbázis kialakítása 2004-ben indult, tizenegy ország bevonásával. A kezdeményezés a népesség elöregedésével járó növekvő kihívásokra keresi a megalapozott válaszokat. A felmérések során a szervezők eddig nyolc adatgyűjtési hullámot hajtottak végre, amelyek lefedik az Unió összes kontinentális országát, valamint Svájcot és Izraelt. A 8. adatgyűjtési hullám végrehajtásának közepén kezdődött a COVID-19 járvány - a várható interjúk körülbelül 70 százaléka készült el 2020 márciusára - a terepmunkát ekkor az összes résztvevő országban fel kellett függeszteni. A szervezők elhatározták a felmérések folytatását; telefonos interjúk (CATI) elkészítésével. Jelentősen lerövidítették az eredeti kérdőívet és kiegészítették a kérdéslistát a COVID-19 élethelyzetre vonatkozó kérdésekkel.

  Az előadás célja a SHARE COVID-19 adatbázisának feldolgozásával kapott eredmények bemutatása – fókuszálva a magyar válaszadók egészségi állapotának helyzetére, egészségmagatartására a felmért országok polgáraihoz viszonyítva.

  Anyag és módszer
  A 2020-as nyolcadik SHARE felmérésben 28 ország vett részt. A válaszadók és kérdezőbiztosok egészségvédelmének okán a telefonos interjúk (CATI) alkalmazása volt az elsődleges ajánlott mintavételi alternatíva a korábbi személyes interjúkkal szemben. A válaszadók száma a módosított kérdőívre 54.567 fő volt. A magyar válaszadók 1053-an voltan – a teljes minta 1,9%-a. A kérdések csoportjai a következő öt fő területet érintettek:

  Egészség és egészségmagatartás. Általános egészségi állapot a COVID-19 járvány kitörése előtt és után, biztonsági intézkedések betartása (pl. szociális távolságtartás, maszk viselése, higiénés „viselkedés”).

  Mentális egészség. Szorongás, depresszió, alvási problémák és magány a COVID-19 járvány előtt és után.

  Fertőzések és egészségügyi ellátás. A COVID-19-hez kapcsolódó tünetek előfordulása, a tesztelés és kórházi kezelés tapasztalatai, orvosi kezelés elmaradása, a kezelésekkel való elégedettség.

  A munka és a gazdasági helyzet változásai. Munkanélküliség, üzletek bezárása, otthoni munkavégzés, munkaidő- és jövedelemváltozások, anyagi támogatás viszonyai a megkérdezettek között.

  Közösségi hálózatok. A családdal és a barátokkal való személyes kapcsolattartás változásai a járvány hatására; segítségnyújtás, személyes gondoskodás – az adott és kapott segítségek.

  Az elemzések során hagyományos statisztikai leíró és elemző módszerek, valamint a rough set analízis egyes elemzési módszerei kerültek alkalmazásra. A minta súlyozására a számítások során nem került sor. Alkalmazott programcsomagok: SPSS V22, Excel 2007.

  Eredmények
  A mintanagyság szerint Magyarország a 20. helyet foglalja el (1053 fő 1,9%). A legnagyobb minta Észtországban került felmérésre (4670 fő, 8,6%); a legkisebb elemszámú részminta a holland minta volt (803 fő, 1,5%). A teljes mintában az átlagéletkor 70,42 év volt (95% CI: 70,34-70,50; medián: 70,00; SD: 9,3977; min: 31, max: 104). A magyar részmintában 70,69 év (95% CI: 70,22-71,15; medián: 70,00; SD: 7,6825; min: 38, max: 95). A férfiak aránya a teljes mintában 42,29%; a nők aránya 57,71%; a magyar minta arányai: 39,98% és 60,02%.

  Az elemzések statisztikailag szignifikáns különbségeket mutattak ki számos elemzett változó esetében, a különböző országok polgárai között:
  a) a járvány előtti egészségi állapot (ön)megítélése;
  b) egészségváltozás megítélése a járvány előtti állapothoz képest;
  c) jelenlegi megbetegedések (akut, krónikus);
  d) gyógyszerszedés;
  e) védekező intézkedések betartása a gyakorlatban: maszkviselés; szociális távolságtartás kézmosás; fertőtlenítési lehetőségek alkalmazása.

  Megbeszélés
  Az országok összehasonlítása számos változó esetében statisztikailag kimutatható különbséget mutatott. A nagy elemszám okán igen kis eltéréseket is lényegesként jeleznek a statisztikai elemző módszerek. A különbségek tényleges elfogadását a szakmai validálás folyamata teszi érvényessé. Ennek a kutatási szakasznak a teljes lezárása még nem történt meg – az előadás az aktuális eredmények bemutatásával és értékelésével zárul.

  Irodalom
  Börsch-Supan, A. (2021). Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) Wave 8. COVID-19 Survey 1. Release version: 1.0.0. SHARE-ERIC. Data set. DOI: 10.6103/SHARE.w8ca.100

• „ECCE HOMO”

  43-48.

  Zs. Bobula

  Views:

  118

  The author provides the psychical aspects of the old age, which helps to encourage a positive
  way of life in later life.

   

• Active, Creative Aging I. - Coping

  14-28

  Views:

  463

  Background and aims: In our research, we examined how the last stage of their lives is experienced by older people who engage in creative activity (handicraft, fine arts, textile art) aimed at creating a lasting work at this stage of their life.
  Methods: In our study, we used questionnaires examining proactive coping, life satisfaction, geriatric depression, and the meaning of life.
  Results and discussion: The higher level of search for meaning measured by creators may be related to the complex nature of the search, which may involve the mental stress associated with life cycle change and the ability to cope with it and the possibility of development, so that creative activity can be interpreted as a kind of protective factor. In the group of creators, reflective coping (exploring and analyzing several solution options and the resources needed for the solution) showed the highest value, which may result from the creativity and divergent thinking of those engaged in creative activity.

• „Learning my age” Improving interactive curriculum for the eldery generation’s active lifestyle and related topics

  116-118

  Éva Réti

  Views:

  87

  Approaching the learning of the third age, the question is no longer whether the elderly can be taught or retrained, but for how long and for what purpose? Deviations from the learning paths that individuals have developed over the decades are unlikely in old age. Non-formal learning becomes more important and plays an increasing role, and less constrained forms of leisure learning for entertainment become more important. Mental freshness is largely supported by books, online courses and programs provided by senior universities.

  In my presentation, I introduce an interactive curriculum as a possible new form of learning. I have combined e-learning solutions in old age that affect everyone as a new learning method. I would like to introduce the 50+ age group to the possibilities offered by microlearning. Most of us read, learn things after we have engaged at some level. I would like to prevent this step. I am also looking for answers to questions like, does the 50+ age group have the right skills and motivation to effectively adopt an online course or e-learning curriculum In the process of aging - can an e-learning curriculum be a good motivation for course participants because it touches them or prevents them? The lessons of the experiment, both positive and negative, are presented.

• Beyond the limelight of Apo Whang-od: Exposing the face of social service delivery and access of older persons in the Philippines

  79-80

  Climson Balangue

  Views:

  24

  This study examined the access to social services for the elderly population in Tinglayan, Kalinga, Philippines, which is the home of Apo Whang-od, a globally renowned traditional tattoo artist. The case study explored the challenges and opportunities that elderly individuals encounter in accessing social services within geographically isolated and disadvantaged areas (GIDA) and how these dynamics have been influenced by the artist's popularity.

• A Sóstó-Gyógyfürdők Zrt. kínálata az idősödő generációknak

  103-115

  Gabriella Helmeczi

  Views:

  165

  Analyzing the age pyramid of Hungary, we can see that we live in an aging society, due to which the older generations are becoming more and more important in the medical tourism sector. The largest group of medical tourism is the elderly over the age of 60, who most often visit spas with musculoskeletal disorders. Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg county is especially rich in spas, the Sóstó Spa, which is our spa of international significance, also stands out. The aim of the Sóstó Spa is to play a role in maintaining and improving the health of health tourists, in developing a bathing culture, and in spending a pleasant and useful leisure time.

• "I want to look as young as I feel" Psychological factors influencing the willingness to undergo cosmetic procedures in the context of ageing

  62-86

  Lilla Kegyes

  Views:

  55

  In 2020, a total of 15.6 million cosmetic procedures were performed in the United States alone - a 43% increase from 6.7 million in 2000. This upward trend is likely to continue for decades to come. In 2020, the largest consumer group was women aged 40-55, accounting for 45% of all cosmetic procedures and they primarily chose procedures to remove visible signs of aging. This study aims to summarize the factors that generally influence the development of positive attitudes toward procedures. Additionally, the study explores the relationship between ageing and interest in cosmetic procedures. The underlying factors are explored both at the individual level, such as ageing anxiety, and at the societal level, such as age stereotypes and ageism. Finally, the article also discusses the perception of individuals who undergo these procedures and the factors that may help older individuals to have a positive attitude towards ageing.

• Explore the Motivational Factors Driving Economic Engagement among the Elderly in Rural Area in Lao People's Democratic Republic

  76-78

  Xaypaseuth Soundala

  Views:

  15

  This exploratory study delves into the motivational factors driving economic engagement among the elderly in rural areas of Laos, a nation in Southeast Asia experiencing demographic shifts towards an aging population. With limited research on this topic in the context of rural Laos, this study aims to uncover the underlying motivations that influence elderly individuals to participate in economic activities. By understanding these factors, policymakers can design targeted interventions to promote economic inclusion and improve the well-being of the elderly population. However, the study also uncovers barriers and challenges faced by elderly individuals, such as limited access to resources, skills, and infrastructure. Recommendations are provided to address these challenges and enhance support systems.

• Gerontofitness - the beneficial effects of regular exercise on the physical and mental health of aging people

  53-64.

  A. Csinády

  Views:

  295

  Exercise plays a vital role in lifelong development, so it is very important in the elderly. Those who exercise regularly enjoy a better cardiovascular status, their motor capabilities remain more satisfactory, they complain less of depression, sleep disorders, and stay more confident and more independent even in older ages.
  Recreational sports have expanded the sport to the everyday people, for whom the goal is to provide the fitness needed for everyday life. The new concept gerontofitness, emerged recently, which deals with the sporting activities of the elderly and the beneficial effects of those.
  Nowadays a new goal is to create programs that encourage older people to exercise regularly. At the same time, there are many obstacles to these, because the physical activity of the elderly is partly influenced by cultural factors, stereotypes and attitudes, mostly in the direction of inactivity.

• Perceived social support in old age

  78-102

  Anna Ferwagner

  Győző Pék

  Views:

  476

  Background and aims: In our research, we examined how the degree of perceived social support depends on factors (gender, age, marital status, health, giving up independent living) and how it is related to experiencing aging.

  Methods: In our study, we used questionnaires examining social support, attitudes to ageing, life satisfaction, and depression in old age.

  Results and discussion: Perceived social support shows a decreasing trend with age, and is lower in the case of singles, those in poor health, and those living in nursing homes. It can be said that all three types of support decreases with age at those living independent, but those living in nursing homes the social support is the lowest in the case of the youngest (65-74 years) and the highest at the of 75-89 years, and the instrumental support over 90 years old. Higher perceived social support results in higher levels of life satisfaction, lower level of depression and more positive experiences of ageing. It is important to note, however, that the support actually provided and the perceived support are not the same.

• Contributing to the Decade of Healthy Aging in the Nordic-Russian Arctic

  4

  Views:

  88

  NCM-funded project and expert network “Indigenous and non-indigenous residents of the Nordic-Russian region: Best practices for equity in healthy ageing” will be introduced.

  The Arctic population is ageing, albeit at various speed across the regions and to a different degree of “healthiness” and “inequity related to healthy ageing” across the life-course. The aim of the research is to contribute to a multidisciplinary understanding of circumstances and patterns of healthy ageing in the Nordic-Russian Arctic and share examples of new solutions as components to the Arctic member states’ national policies and in accordance with the principles of WHO “Decade of Healthy Ageing 2020–2030”.

  We will focus on a broad evaluation of opportunities the region can bring in to carry activities,  building on the principles of the WHO Global Strategy on Ageing and Health, the United Nations Madrid International Plan of Action on Ageing, and aligned to the timing of the United Nations Agenda 2030 on Sustainable Development and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). We will identify best practices at the regional/community levels among Non- and Indigenous older residents, using comparative approach: 1. How we think, feel and act towards age and ageing, 2.Communities fostering the abilities of older people, 3.Delivering culturally safe and person centred care and health services responsive to older people.

  The project complements our on-going activities under the UArctic Thematic Network “Health and Well-being in the Arctic” and a “Development of a Think Tank Functions of the Northern Dimension Institute”.