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Analysis of the economic structure in Romania and in some member states ot the European Union
44-54Views:83In Romania agriculture plays a crucial role, contributes a large share to GDP production and has a high agricultural potential. The aim of the study is to analyse the farm structure of Romania and of some EU Member States (Hungary, Poland, France, Italy) on the basis of the data of the 2016 Farm Structure Census, the 2010 General Agricultural Census and the preliminary data of the 2020 Agricultural Census. Draw conclusions by processing the aforementioned data, in particular by processing the preliminary data of the 2010 General Agricultural Census and the 2020 General Agricultural Census.
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The pragmatic mistakes of Hungarian students learning English – about an empirical research
13-24Views:263In my paper I try to give a precise definition of the term ’pragmatic competence’ and I describe how this term has evolved. I define the term ’pragmatic failure’ and I elaborate on its judgement, its causes, and its types. I describe the Hungarian – English contrastive researches. I list the most frequent pragmatic mistakes made by Hungarian students while speaking English. I present the findings of my research that I carried out among the students of the College of Szolnok in October 2014. Finally I discuss whether pragmatic competence can be taught, and if yes, for what purpose.
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COVID-19 AND CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY: EVIDENCE FROM NIGERIAN MICRO, SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISE (MSMEs)
Views:107The devastating impact of COVID-19 extends beyond health concerns; the coronavirus outbreak has rapidly transformed into an environmental, social and economic emergency. The global pandemic has prompted businesses to adopt innovative business models and re-strategize corporate social responsibility (CSR) in order to cope with the global challenges triggered by COVID-19. Micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) are hit the hardest as they lack adequate resources to strive in these difficult times. This paper is a review article that uses secondary data to analysis COVID-19 pandemic and the CSR of MSMEs' in Nigeria. The study concludes that COVID-19 has a significant effect on MSMEs' CSR. Therefore, the study recommends that CSR projects should be compatible with government policies and plans to have a wider and even more sustainable effect. CSR engagement would be more fruitful if MSMEs embrace collective corporate social responsibility.
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Changes in the personal income tax system in Hungary (1988-2014)
23-33Views:327Since its introduction, the Hungarian income tax system has been going through a continuous restructuring process. In my analysis I examine the main changes which have occurred in the Hungarian personal income tax system from the 1990s to the present day. I have also made a short international detour regarding the flat tax system as it seems that global trends also favor simplification. Flat-rate tax might interfere with the tax principle of equity, but it can ease
verifiability and the declaration of income for tax return and might help to decrease tax administration costs and tax evasion. The most successful reforms which resulted in the improvement of tax morale, transparency and increased tax receipts were the ones which involved the reduction of benefits and exemptions. I have examined how the annual changes in the personal income tax system will affect the tax burden of private entities. -
Back to the World of Work: On the Way to Public Employment in Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok County
96-104Views:53In the autumn of 2008 the world economic crisis erupting in the United States of America dealt the economy and labour market of Hungary a hard blow. The economic crisis strengthened the adverse labour-market situation in the country’s more backward eastern areas, above all in Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok County. With the aim of reduction of the increasing unemployment the Hungarian Employment Policy applies a number of labour-market tools. Public employment is one of the most important labour market tools. In my research I examined the role of public employment in the reduction of unemployment. In my thesis I looked for the answer to the question if public employment is able to handle unemployment efficiently and to reduce long-term unemployment. In my thesis I examined two of the most important public work programmes – between the period of 2009 and 2011 – which employed the highest number of workers in comparison with earlier programmes. I prepared the comparative analysis of the two programmes based on my own aspect system highlighting the strong and the weak points of these programmes. My research is based on scientific literature, various studies in this field, scientific and international professional journals and Internet sources.
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INVESTIGATION OF ETHNOCENTRIC BEHAVIOR USING THE CETSCALE MODEL
Views:114Nowadays, the protection of the local economy and society is strongly supported not only at the level of nations, but also at the global level. Our study was based on the CETSCALE model of Shimp and Sharma (1987), based on Sumner's (1906) concept of ethnocentrism. The consumer questionnaire survey was conducted in the fall of 2021 as part of an omnibus research on a representative sample (N=1000). The sample reflects the composition of the basic population in terms of gender, age, settlement type and regions. In the course of the research, in addition to descriptive statistical methods, factor and cluster analysis were performed in order to reveal the consumer segments formed along the lines of domestic ethnocentric values. Since in 2014 we already analyzed this set of statements in the framework of a representative large-scale study, we also had the opportunity to compare it with the results of seven years earlier. According to our expectations, the 2020 epidemic increased the commitment to Hungarian products. However, our preliminary assumption was not confirmed, during the analyzes it was revealed that there was no significant change compared to the previous state. Along the lines of the CETSCALE statements, it was possible to identify two factors and with their help to separate three segments, which were named Nationalist, Patriotic and Cosmopolitan based on their alignment with the value groups. It is in the fundamental interest of the actors of the domestic economy that the patriotic behavior is strengthened in the future, for which a strategy must be developed.
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Is migration hindering or assisting economic development? An analysis of international experiences
29-34Views:123The economic and political transition taking place in Central-East Europe has brought about a lot of changes the consequences of which make an impact – among others – on the working conditions, income levels and general living conditions of the population. These changes helped to open up the economy as well as society and made it possible to enjoy a feeling of freedom in several realms of life. The question is how the individual is able to exploit this freedom in his own life situation? Of the possibilities brought by the EU accession in 2004, internal migration is getting more and more significant. Is this a new phenomenon characteristic of only Europe and why has it increased so much in the past decade? The issue of emigration must be tackled from several aspects of which I will focus on three in my present paper. These are the necessity of finding employment abroad, the options of the individual worker and the policies of the host country in assisting settlement of the immigrant. Earlier this year, with the help of a TEMPUS grant, I had the opportunity to take a study trip in Belgium specialising in this topic. I would also like to share the experiences of this one-week program with you.
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The Role of “Gulyásfesztivál” in Tourism of Szolnok City and Changes of its Visitors
57-64Views:163Nowadays the gastronomy does not only appear as a tourist supra-structure service, but it is part of the supply of attraction by its gastronomic events. This research aims to answer the question, that by what means are motivated the participants to visit the gastronomic festivals, and how has changed the motivations in the last period. The results of secondary and the primary analysis may provide guidance for communicating on the gastronomic festivals in the next few years.
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Controlling Methods for SMEs’ Risk Reduction
23-30Views:152A substantial proportion of entrepreneurs strive to reduce the risk of their activity, which means they refer to a number of methods known, but rarely applied by them. Risk reduction activities can be totally interconnected with the ‘controlling’ approach and methods that are still not well known to a lot of company executives, but the introduction and application of those methods provide tangible results for business decision-makers within a relatively short period of time. The paper presents the size, activity, financial process characteristics, planning features, suppliers and buyers' evaluation practices of the investigated SMEs using correlation analysis methods. The study is a continuation of a research topic that has been going on for many years and is based on data collection from the years 2015 and 2016. We have evaluated the planning and management features of a total of 53 micro, small and medium-sized enterprises by questionnaire processing.
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Issues of social regeneration in hungarian small villages
53-67Views:75The problem depopulated settlements, which can be traced back to a lack of social reproduction, is not only a Central European phenomenon. Trends in the value and extent of consumer society are driving developing and developed societies, one of the indirect results of which is the aging population of villages and the depletion of endogenous resources in the affected settlements. With this, these settlements lose their most important competitiveness potential, their population retention power. In many cases, the economic vacuum found in small-village areas and the declining population further strengthen the process, which has a restrictive effect on the range of public service tasks, thus further worsening the opportunities of those living in the area. The study examines the economic and social potential of small villages using descriptive and complex statistical methods.
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ESPORT IN HUNGARY: ORGANIZATIONS AND DEVELOPMENT OPPORTUNITIES
Views:594Eco Currently we witness the exciting period in life of the esports, which seems to have received considerable attention even among this extraordinary season caused by the COVID-19. Although referring to the status of games (way of sports), such as Fortnite, DOTA2, Overwatch, LOL, etc together with its competitions, competitors and its follow up became quite common, the profession so far seems to neglect dealing with the social and organizational background of that, also with the development possibilities. The methodology of this essay is, through secondary analysis made during the discussion of the professional literature, is empirical qualitative interview method, which was carried out among professional organizations, sportsmen, and by doing this we sought to answer the question: What is the current national state of this sport, what difficulties, prospects characterize even individuals and organizations in this sphere, also including social specifications. Results point out that numerous changes should be desirable equally from the organizational and social side.
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Analysis of the ways of efficiency enhancement of transportation services in tourism
157-159Views:101Tourism is one of the most dynamically developing fi elds of the world economy. Owing to the relai vely low-cost capital investment necessary to set up and develop tourism business, high levels of payback rates, constantly rising magnitude of demand for tourist services, tourism business has recently been drawing the at eni on of not only its poteni al customers, but also of entrepreneurs.