Care is a key concept in different interpretations of health, illness and cure, and it has a major influence on various fields of research in medical and health sociology. Nevertheless it has yet to evolve into a well-established conceptual framework in these areas. Therefore in this paper we explore how care as a social determinant of health impacts health outcomes, and how concepts of social determinants of care enhance our understanding of the underlying mechanisms and pathways. We place TEAM-ECD framework at the centre of our analysis, because care is conceived of neither as a factor of inequality its own right, nor as a source of health inequalities by other frameworks that are in use in this field. We aim to fill these gaps by incorporating few approaches of care inequalities into the above-mentioned framework for the social determinants of healthy early childhood development.

In our study, we examined the relationships between dealing with companion animals and mental health. The aim was to analyze associations of attitudes related to pets with life satisfaction, and symptoms of depression and anxiety. In our online, cross-sectional survey, 297 participants were included (89.5% females, aged between 18 and 85 years), the data were collected in the second half of the year 2023. The attitudes related to pets were measured by using the CENSHARE Pet Attachment Scale which involved eight factors using exploratory factor analysis. The attitudes of attachment and closeness showed a positive relationship with life satisfaction. Time spent with pets and dealing and communicating with them was negatively associated with life satisfaction and well-being, and positively with depression and anxiety. For those who are prone to depression and less satisfied with their life, dealing with pets may serve as a therapy, except for steming from hypocrisy.

Introduction: The health and illness behavior of women and men is an important area of study in the sociology of health. Digital health solutions have an impact on these phenomena as well. 
Methods: Our research is based on 2 representative population-based questionnaire surveys, which were done in 2021 (n= 1500) and 2024 (n=1100) respectively. In our study we used descriptive methods to analyze online health-related information seeking behavior, digital health-related options and tools. 
Results: The results show that although women continue to make a higher use of some digital health solutions such as e-prescription and telemedicine, the gap between men and women has decreased in other areas such as transferring health data, while men took the lead in smart device use. Population data for 2024 indicate that the gap between men and women in the use of health information resources has also narrowed significantly. 
Summary: Our 2021 research shows a clear female dominance in both online health information searching and using digital solutions. By 2024, these differences have narrowed significantly, and digital health solutions have become part of everyday life. This is indicated by the almost 80% awareness and use of e-prescription, online appointment booking and EESZT.

Social media content on health and healthy eating and dietetics challenge users with a low health literacy index. There are often barriers to distinguishing who is a credible content producer and whose advice can be considered professionally relevant. In our research, we examine why the reach of social media content published by dietitians is lower than that of self-proclaimed advisors who appear to be experts. We analyzed the content of 14 Hungarian influencers in June, July, and August 2024 and tracked their follower numbers and reach using qualitative content analysis methods. We found that the reach and number of followers of influencers who are not distinct in terms of content credibility varies mainly as a function of daily activity. The more stories and posts influencers publish, the higher the rate of increase in their followers and reach of their content compared to those who rarely publish scientifically sound professionally valid content as registered dietitians. This means that the primary indicator of the credibility of the content that users seek on social media is the frequency of social media activity, the number of followers and likes, rather than the scientific, evidence-based validity of the content.

Healthcare faces a significant shortage of human and financial resources. One way to overcome this is to focus on preventive medicine, through the promotion of sport and the use of advanced IT (Information Technology) tools in healthcare. These tools include wearables, the IoT (Internet of Things), Big Data and AI (artificial intelligence). This narrative review article aims to present the current state of the art in the field to support the processing of literature at the beginning of new researches by reviewing the major literature focusing on three of the data management’s functions: data collection, storing and processing. To quantify the studies, queries were run on ScienceDirect, PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar databases. The keywords used in the queries were "Internet of Things", "Big Data", "Artificial intelligence" and "Wearable devices" complemented by the terms "health" and "sports" so a total of 8 queries were run on each database. We selected only scientific articles which contain concrete results, present ICT tools used in health or sport, and were fully available from our institution's network so we examined 35 articles. The results of the queries show that in most cases more than 50% of the literature was published since 2019, so the topic is currently a highly researched area. On average, 59.57% of all published works were published from 2019 in Science Direct, 74.49% in PubMed and 77.18% in Web of Science. The above-mentioned IT tools on health and sport is significant. Their importance is most notable in the advancement of preventive medicine and innovation in medical research.

The aim of our study to show the diversion system in Hungary and the motivation of clients who have been diverted. The institution of diversion was introduced in our country in 1993, which offers treatment to drug users instead of punishment in case of possession of a small amount of drugs. During our empirical investigations, our goal was to explore the substance use habits and motivation of diverted clients. For this purpose, we conducted semi-structured interviews with ten people starting diversion, which we supplemented with the inclusion of a diagnostic test for measuring motivation (URICA). The results of our research support the results of previous research on the topic, according to which the clients willingness to cooperate and motivation is low, which can thus lead to the ineffectiveness of the diversion.

Objective: To provide comprehensive knowledge of the factors behind abuse by parents of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Are children with ADHD are really at increased risk of child abuse? Is there a relationship between the onset of ADHD (hyperactive/impulsive-, attention deficit, combined) and the type of abuse? Does parental ADHD predispose to abuse? Finally, what are the long-term effects on a child with ADHD? Method: The study is following the PRISMA guidelines, 32 out of 683 studies were selected in the study sample. Result: The group of children with ADHD can indeed be identified as a risk group. The hyperactive type was associated with physical and emotional abuse and neglect of parental authority, attention deficit was associated with physical and sexual abuse, and custody and physical neglect. Parental ADHD has been identified as a risk factor, too. The long-term consequences were drug-use, in addition to the intensification of ADHD symptoms. Conclusion: We argue for the risk factor-reducing importance of parental education and psychological therapy.

Language barriers in healthcare impact the cost and quality of services, affecting international students in Budapest, Hungary. The study explores challenges faced by international students in understanding medical advice within the public healthcare system and identify strategies to overcome these challenges. A qualitative approach involving eighteen international students from various universities in Budapest was used for data analysis. While most participants did not face urgent health issues, those with more severe conditions encountered significant language barriers, signage issues, and access delays. The primary challenge identified was the language barrier, which complicated communication with medical staff. Participants utilized technology like Google Translate, interpreters, and non-verbal communication to overcome language barriers. The study emphasizes the need for policies to enhance communication between healthcare providers and international students for equitable access to quality healthcare services.

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