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Opinions of Higher Education Students about Internships and Working while Studying
286-297Views:537The importance of working while studying in higher education has a globally growing tendency, and Hungary is not an exception. The demand for the opportunities of student employment has been recognized not only by the students but also by the policy makers of higher education, leading to the introduction of solutions like the obligatory internship semesters or the dual training programs. The current study contributes to the better understanding of this field through the analysis of a database from a questionnaire survey conducted among bachelor students from seven majors of the University of Debrecen during the Fall semester in 2015 (N = 589). The main findings suggest that the students mostly consider the internships as an investment into their future career while the short term compensation and the personal interests have a lower importance for them. About 75% of the students would be willing to work not more than 20 hours a week, and most of them would look for ‘official’ studentwork. For working, they would sacrifice the time connected to the following activity-areas (relative to the other activities in the list, and in descending order): time for leisure (this is the most likely to be sacrificed), for sport, for friends, for family, and for learning (this is the less likely to be traded in for working hours). Willingness to work (measured in daily working hours) seems to be connected to the following factors: major, year of study, how important the activity areas are considered compared to working (learning, family, friends, sports, leisure), and the importance of finding a personally interesting internship.
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Examination of an Office Building's Energy-Producing Opportunities Using the Temperature Frequency Curve
63-67Views:163In our study we would like to choose the energy generating system for a business center in Mátészalka. The
system will cover the heating energy demand of shops and offices of the building. The heat demand of the building
was calculated by a computer program. The energy demand was calculated with help of the Temperature
Frequency Graph. In our study we choose bolilers and heat-pumps. We compared their operating costs. -
Topics in the Research of E-book Usage and the Applicable Findings of it for Product Development
453-479Views:302This article aims to review the recent academic researches on print and e-book usage experience and preferences. Their findings will be compared to the results of a primary research previously conducted by the author. Using these data the article presents the Five Product Level of e-books and e-readers. Reviewing the Hungarian and International e-book / print sales figures and publishing trends, the article shows ways for further research for a better e-book product understanding and highlights a few promising ways for future product development in e-books and e-readers.
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The Possible Job Creation and Job Destructive Effects of Technological Development
53-61Views:458Throughout history, technological change has often provided the basis for employee anxiety. Between 1811 and 1816, a group of workers in England who called themselves "Luddists" destroyed machines, because they thought it would endanger their workplace. 19th-century thinkers and economists such as Karl Marx and David Ricardo predicted that mechanizing the economy would ultimately worsen workers' conditions, depriving them of a decent wage. Over the last century, John M. Keynes (1930s) and Wassily Leontief (1950s) have expressed their fears that more and more workers will be replaced by machine solutions that will lead to unemployment. In recent years, Brynjolfsson and McAfee (2014) have argued that existing technologies reduce the demand for labor and put some of the human workforce at a permanent disadvantage. However, there are a number of compensation mechanisms that can offset the initial displacement effects of automation and process innovation in general (Vivarelli, 2015). First of all, while workers are being replaced in industries that introduce new machine technology, additional workers in new industries are needed. Second, automation (and process innovation in general) reduces average costs. Acemoglu and Restrepo (2017) found that this results, on the one hand, in the effect of price productivity (“priceproductivity”) (as production costs decrease, the industry can expand and increase labor demand); and, on the other hand, it leads to economies of scale in production (the reduction in costs due to automation leads to an increase in total output and increases the demand for labor in all industries). Similarly, Vivarelli (2015) argues that lower average costs can result in lower prices (if the industry's market structure is perfectly competitive), stimulate product demand, or result in extra profits (if the industry's structure is not perfectly competitive). If these extra profits are reinvested in the company, this investment can create new jobs. The presentation intends to present these counterbalancing cases and to provide real examples based on the literature.
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Examining the Virtues of Organisational Citizenship Behaviour (OCB) at an SME
41-52Views:334Nowadays, especially in the Eastern region of Hungary, small businesses face an increasing challenge in attracting and retaining a well-qualified workforce that is able to accept and commit to the goals of SMEs. This is due to the promising career prospects offered by foreign-owned large companies locating here. However, if SME employees possess the virtues of organisational citizenship behaviour (OCB), they will develop a stronger commitment to the organisation. The aim of our research was to explore the extent to which the five OCB virtues; sportsmanship, conscientiousness, altruism, politeness and civic virtue are present in a small construction company in Hajdú-Bihar county. Our survey was carried out using a questionnaire method, which was analysed as a function of length of service, education and age. The main findings are that there is a strong correlation between the presence of OCB characteristics and age and length of time spent with the firm.
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Analysis of labor consumption in Hungary in the last 5 years
127-137Views:262The main idea of my research was the statement of the President of the Hungarian Fruit and Vegetable Interprofessional Organization and Product Council (Ferenc Apáti), according to which the main obstacle to the future development of horticulture and the development plans of horticultural enterprises is capital shortfall factors). The employment of seasonal workers in the production of grapes and fruit and in horticultural farms is of the greatest importance. As a result, in my research, I examined the use of labor by those working in agriculture over the past 5 years. I reviewed how the coronavirus has affected the time spent by seasonal workers at work in the recent past. Since there are a lot of work phases in agriculture where there is a temporary use of labor, I considered it important to get around this topic better. As seasonal agricultural workers are often able to reach their agricultural jobs through travel and border crossings, government regulations (travel restrictions, border closures) have made it more difficult for these people to access jobs.
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Design and Implementation of BHN Testing Equipment To Measure Remaining Stress Of Wheelset Parts (Tie Rod and Stabilizer Bar)
337-341Views:283Nowadays in the automotive industry both production and service, requires accurate lifetime calculations. Today we have big amount of theoretical background and nowadays the importancy of technical and industrial databases become more and more important. By materials scientific and fracture mechanics aspects are well covered, but the remaining stresses which are present in every step of production, we can not clearly identify the origin of them. There are different paralell methods to mesure them, but the application of different methods are depending on the engineers, and their expreiences at the company. This part of the analysis is not standardised yet, so there are differences even in the same company.
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Application of Mathematics in Physics and Chemistry in Secondary School
33-38Views:194In the frame of the project EFOP-3.6.1-16-2016-00022 „Debrecen Venture Catapult Program" a material was elaborated in which I summarize the most important applications of high school mathematics in physics and chemistry. It is important for the students to see that teaching mathematics is not self-serving but it can be applied in many problems in different natural sciences.
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Operation of the Mediacentrum Debrecen
77-91Views:261The media market has been significantly rearranged over the last two decades. The local media of bigger cities worked for a long time in the background of local television. In addition to county print newspapers, television was the main source of information. Changes in media consumption habits, technical development have brought new market demands and new forms of appearance. Most of the local televisions, such as the Debrecen Television, were forced into operational and organizational change. With the expansion of the media portfolio, it has reached the dominant media of the region, covering the entire market segment, where content creation and providing the background of content delivery are at the highest level.
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Examination of Organizational Culture Among Middle-Managers and Shift Leaders in a Hungarian Company
531-538Views:191Tanulmányomban egy magyarországi vállalat közép- és műszakvezetői körében elvégzett szervezeti kultúra vizsgálat eredményeit mutatom be. Vizsgálatom alapját egy előzetesen elindított szervezeti kultúra- és filozófiaváltás jelenti, amely konfliktusokat eredményezett a közép- és műszakvezetők között, amely meggátolja a kultúraváltás tovább haladását. Vizsgálatom célja, hogy elemezzem ennek a konfliktusnak a legfőbb forrásait, illetve hogy melyek azok a pontok, ahol elsőként szükséges beavatkozni ahhoz, hogy a szervezeti kultúraváltás tovább folytatódhasson.
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CSR Activities of International Ice Hockey Clubs
Views:376Worldwide there is a growing ephasis on corporate social responsibility (CSR) and became increasingly important for sports organisations too. At the same time the international research and study numbers increasing, which examine the practical application of the CSR concept in sport.
The study provides an insight into the importance of CSR activities in foreign hockey clubs, especially in Finnish and Swedish hockey clubs with long-rooted hockey cultures, through expert interviews and their analysis. We get an answer for how they have integrated environmental activities and helping society into their every day live. Good examples from abroad are provided, ont he basis of which this study can help the hungarian sport clubs who want to develop their organisation through CSR activities.
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The Role of Small-Scale Household Power Plants in the Electricity Supply by the Hungarian Settlements
355-372Views:249The utilization of renewable energy sources spread with stormy speed on the world therefore more and more municipalities propose that they satisfy their energy demand from renewable sources. The fossil fuels represent a significant proportion in Hungarian energy balance and the majority of these is import energy. The proportion of renewable energy sources must be increased to decrease the energy dependence and the energy cost of municipalities, to increase the energy security and to consider the aspects of environment.The interest of Hungary is to increase the proportion of renewable energy sources in energy supply. In order to this, the government created the small-scale household power plant (SSHPP) category in the Electricity law. This power plants should be not greater than 50 kW's performance. In this category, electricity can be produced from renewable and fossil sources. Since the government introduced the small, household size power plant category the installed capacity was grown quickly in the last seven years. The general capacity was 0.51 MW altogether at the end of year 2008 but it has already approached 129 MW’s at the end of year 2015. The general capacity was increased by the multiple of the previous year every year between 2008 and 2015 and there will be more a dynamic capacity expansion. Data about the capacity and the produced electricity can be displayed on municipality level, too. The purpose of the investigations is to determine: how can the built capacity of the small, household size power plant category participates in the electricity supply of the Hungarian settlements? So how many percentages of electricity demand can be gratified by this electricity power on the settlements? Based on this a ranking can be made among municipalities which shows the level of sufficiency in production of renewable energy and give a possibility for the power shift. Finally, to what extent can be built upon this power plant category in order to that Hungary can comply its objective value.
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Changes in the Disclosure Obligations of the Notes to the Balance Sheet and Income Statement between 2000 and 2018
270-279Views:378The aim of the study is to present by different types of companies the information content of the supplementary annex. We can say about the economic organizations, that they must to constitute real image in financial statements about the situation of –assets, -finance and income. To appreciate the businesses is necessary the information system, which is integrated company to company. The data of financial statement prepared by accounting act are historical, concern the past. The conduct of numerous economic operators is influenced by the globalization accelerated nowadays. In this connection, it can be certainly said that the globalization affects the accounting regulation as well. In our country, the business entities falling within the scope of the aforementioned regulation are subject to Act C of 2000 on Accounting, according to which the prepared reports shall provide the external and internal stakeholders with information ensuring a true and fair overall picture of the business entities’ property, financial and profitability situation as well as future plans. In my treatise, I will highlight a part of the report i.e. the Notes providing text information in addition to the numerical data. Within this, I will present those mandatory disclosure obligations related to the balance sheet and income statement which are indispensable tools of informing the external and internal operators adequately.
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Importance of quality indicators in the healthcare – in case of musculoskeletal rehabilitation –
1-11Views:246Nowadays the term of management is so popular. It has an essential role in the professional life, moreover in the every day life too. Creating and using the quality indicators (one of the qualiy management tools) contribute to the improvement of the operation of the healthcare system and to the development of the quality of healthcare services. The aim of the paper is to define service quality and its dimensions in healthcare and to highlight the role of quality indicators. The research calls attention to the absence of indicators measuring the different aspects of quality directly, the difficulties of measuring service quality and the need of establishment of more specific measures in healthcare. A special area of healthcare, there habilitation of musculo skeletal diseases will be discussed. As a research my approach is to define all the indicators that are already used in this area of the healthcare. This examination is extremely important because one of the most commonailments are the musculo skeletal diseases and their number is just increasing.The paper is mostly descriptiv and follows analitical methods based on the international and Hungarian professional studies, informations. To access databases I was helped by the OSAP (National Statistical Data CollectionProgramme). Besides the importance of quality indicators the research calls for the need for more specific measures. On the other hand, the value of the paper lies in collecting the problems, defaults and improving areas of a specific healthcare field.
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Online self-learning
542-553Views:278In this paper four short sessions are reviewed in the theme of introductory programming. The sessions were performed in four different student groups from the age twelve to seventeen in two different schools. The paper summarizes important input and output properties of the groups, like the preliminary studies of Informatics and the grades in both Informatics and Mathematics – if available – also the results of the learning process during the sessions. The focus is on the skills of programming and self-learning, and the differences of it in respect to the age, the gender and the preliminary studies.
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How Does Public Debt Change when the Next Crisis Comes - and It Will Come!/the Expected Evolution of Greece's State Debt in the Next Crisis Period/
91-104Views:332It has recently been announced that Greece may withdraw from the Euro-Zone permanent rescue fund's aid program because it has successfully met the conditions imposed on it. Creditors and credit qualifiers also agreed that the Greek economy was on a good growth path. That is why there is a chance that by 2030 the current sovereign gross debt of 182.7 per cent of GDP will fall to 123.3 per cent. The author finds this statement unfoundedly optimistic. He argues that the Greek debt ratio – despite the current optimum economic fundamentals – does not seem to be sustainable. He sees greater probability that in the near future it will again be necessary to release some of the Greek debt. Debt reduction will also mean a new orderly state bankruptcy. The study seeks to highlight how vulnerable and risked the sustainability of current Greek debt financing. Using a macroeconomic model, it shows and justifies how the Greek sovereign debt changes in the case of a crisis that is only half the extent of the previous subprime crisis. If this happens, by 2023, the state debt will rise to more than double the national product, and by 2030 only to the present, otherwise critical, level. It follows that the high risk of financing Greek state debt remains unchanged.
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Issues of Regional Social Innovation
602-616Views:366Social innovation is not determined as a uniform definition, after a literature review can be defined as follows: social innovation is an innovative and new way of improving community well-being [2]. Social innovation can be defined and measured at micro-, mezo- and macro level similar to technical and economic innovation and plays a key role in the competitiveness. Because of imbalances arising from different levels of economic development, catching-up demand of peripheral settlements have appeared. In addition to the so-called technical innovations, the solution of social problems can be achieved by social tools, methods and new organizations. In catching-up process the local, community level construed innovative ideas and the activities of social innovation play a significant role. The expansion of the innovative areas results in different innovation processes and they can be considered as complementary processes. The social and technical innovation are closely interacting. If there is achange in the economic sphere, social change can occur. This study examines the role of local communities in social innovation at regional level and summarizes the clarifying questions of implementation. Social innovation as a new tool is able to answer daily challenges. The innovative solutions of municipalities, which means new collaborations, result sustainable, flexible and open leadership at regional level. This study will examine the role of governments (or their institutions) in the implementation and generating of social innovation, the tasks of regional innovators and social solutions and models of certain municipalities in Hungary and the European Union.
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Risk Financing and Financing Risks In Case of Geothermal Investments
191-201Views:217In an investment process various sizes and types of risk arise. In project financing risk sharing is based on the assumption that the risk is to be borne by who is able to control and influence it. The article examines that project financing as a risk management technique is applicable to the treatment of geothermal investment risks.
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Vezetési stílusok egykor és most
1-16Views:3894The throughputs of Management sciences have always been in the middle of interest for its 105 years long history. Analysing the management styles is a prospering and actual scientific approach of leadership research. In the following, I present the throughputs of the researches which are applying this approach: I introduce both the „classical”management style models and the new ones. As for„classical”models, I introduce the decision-making oriented typologies, the personality oriented typologies and the situational leadership theories. By „new”theories I introduce the feminin and masculin management styles, the transactional and the transformational leadership and the participative management style. In the article I summarize the internal and external factors that influence the management style, and the same time introduce the outcomes of researches studying the topic.
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A Best-worst Scaling Usage in Marketing Research
140-151Views:238Best-worst scaling (BWS) is a method of data collection and / or a theory of how respondents give the first and worst rankings in a list. In my article, I look at what best-worst scaling (BWS) is, what areas it is used to, and what the method itself is. I then turn to the BWS method, within which I examine its element: the BWS object case (case 1), the BWS profile case (case 2), and the BWS multi-profile case (case 3). I will detail the use of BWS in marketing research, and then compare the Likert-scaling method and BWS. I summarize my conclusions at the end of my article.
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Safe, Health Working in Health Care in the Shadow of a Pandemic
85-97Views:323Safe work that does not endanger health is a complex category, the provision of which creates an obligation on the part of the state, the employer and the employee. The task of the state is to determine the basic requirements for work that does not endanger health and safe, as well as the related rights and obligations, and to develop a national policy on occupational safety and health. As a result of the coronavirus epidemic in early 2020, we have faced a whole new form of accidents at work and occupational diseases. In my study, I want to examine the course of the investigation of the infection that takes place during the pandemic in healthcare work, and the possibilities of remuneration for the duration of the illness.
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Can the local government in Hungary be the appropriate local level framework for environmental sustainability?
32-45Views:216During the search for the framework for environmental (respectively social and economic) sustainability, the importance of local action / decision-making has been formulated several times. At the same time, the capability of local government structures is questioned from several aspects. Local governments today are not necessarily a proper legal-administrative framework for sustainable development, for example because the population of a sustainable local community (conceptually) and of a larger settlement (by size) does not coincide. However, the (partly networked) environmental policy system of the municipalities transcends the administrative area of the settlement, where appropriate, a larger area (agglomeration, city areas, etc.), connecting several actors and activities. The paper seeks to clarify this issue in two rather different but interrelating ways. The first approach is geographically rooted and examines the local government system and the spatial structure of the Hungarian state through environmental economics and environmental policy. The second question is about structural links, namely the problems of local governments potential for infrastructure development and the structure of the local economy. The paper concludes that municipal functions - administration, ownership, public service organization - are all concerned with environmental protection. Considering that many of the processes that are relevant to sustainability are taking place in settlements, so serious changes are needed at this level as well. In this context, cooperation between local and central government levels and the active involvement of (local) society can not be dispensed with, but the current mechanisms are hindering progress.
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A Case Study on Human Resource Management Practice of a Sport Organization
410-425Views:1003Human resource with the adequate ability and skills is of decisive importance in all organizations, irrespective of the field of activity in which they operate. It is no different with the life of sports organizations. The human resource management of sports organizations is peculiar which is influenced by, on the one hand, the operating form of an organization, on the other hand, the nature of employment. Those well-known jobs can be also found in the sport organizations which are necessary to operate an organization and carry out the general tasks, at the same time, the amateur or professional athletes turn up as specific human resources. Aim of the study is to explore the specific characteristics of the human resource management of a particular organization, namely Debreceni Egyetem Atlétikai Club Sport Nonprofit Közhasznú Kft. (University of Debrecen Athletic Sport Non-profit Public Benefit Purpose Ltd., hereinafter: DEAC Ltd.), primarily focusing on the traditional HR functions. After reviewing the domestic and international specialized literatures, the practice of the examined sport organization will be described by means of case study, document analysis and managerial interview methods. Based on the results, it can be determined that there is no separate HR manager in case of the examined sport organization, due to its size, but the managing director carries out the tasks as an economic and HR manager in one person. From the aspect of organizational operation, the practice of HR functions is similar to the practice of other SME business organizations, at the same time, the management of athletics as human resources means its specific characteristic where the managements of labour supply, career and talent has other interpretation.
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Compare the Most Frequently Used Models of Risk Management
1-11Views:331The successful risk management is based on the company can recognize and treat the risks well and effectively. Nowadays there are several techniques for risk management. Each technique breaks the risk management steps on its own logic. In this article we compare four different risk management models, accordingly what are the similarities, and what are the differences between the four models.
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The Situation of Digitization in the Hungarian Food Processing Industry
196-209Views:512Thanks to various technologies, such as nanotechnology, the next decades will completely transform the individual production processes and sectors. With the rapid advancement of information technology, the digitalization and automation of industrial processes pose new challenges for food business operators. Hungarian food companies will be able to keep up with their competitors and be the winners for the next decades if they can successfully adopt these technologies. However, this requires a strong focus on digitization, digital strategy, and directing investment, technology change and R&D activities in this direction. Digitization is one of the decisive directions of the future, which is why I felt it essential to study the level of digitization of Hungarian food companies, IT infrastructure and Internet usage, the use, and role of enterprise management systems, decision support and business analysis tools, and business readiness, Industry 4.0 technology change. Based on the 205 evaluable responses to the questionnaire, it can be said that only a tiny proportion of Hungarian food companies have a digital strategy and only a few have digital transformation.
