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The Importance of Energy Management in Hungary
72-79Views:117One of the important elements of our everyday life is energy, but the amount of it is constantly decreasing, so it is advisable to include renewable energies in our energy management in addition to traditional energy sources. In the field of energy management, the use of renewable energies deserves attention because their share is increasing, although their percent is small. At present, Hungary and the European Union's energy policy contain guidelines that aim to increase the utilization of renewable energy sources. These directives contribute to achieving environmental and climate protection goals, job creation, territorial and urban development, and the reduction of dependence on energy imports. In my article, I would like to present various calculations in the field of energy management as a result of the previously described information and I would like to explore the energy management contexts that have come to the fore when examining residential energy consumption
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Staying Employed and Employing Others: Leadership Styles and Management Strategies of Proprietors of Micro Enterprises in Developing Countries
408-419Views:212This study sought to find out the leadership style and management strategies of the proprietors of micro enterprises that have enabled them to stay in business this long and offering employment to several others in the midst of unfavourable economic conditions in developing countries. Management strategy and leadership style are complementary in pursuing organizational goal. Though, literature on the subject reveals that not much research has been done on the survival of micro business on the African’s continent regarding owners’ management strategies and the leadership style. We used mix methods in data collection and purposive samplings of thirty (30) micro enterprises’ proprietors were interviewed. The result reveals that owners of micro business practice multistrategies in their organizations. The Study found out that the Laissez Faire or Free Rein Leadership and the Bureaucratic Leadership were not practiced by any of the research participants. However, Authoritarian Leadership with strict instructions dominated Democratic Leadership and appeared to have been very effective and yielded result in most micro businesses.
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Vezetési stílusok egykor és most
1-16Views:2881The throughputs of Management sciences have always been in the middle of interest for its 105 years long history. Analysing the management styles is a prospering and actual scientific approach of leadership research. In the following, I present the throughputs of the researches which are applying this approach: I introduce both the „classical”management style models and the new ones. As for„classical”models, I introduce the decision-making oriented typologies, the personality oriented typologies and the situational leadership theories. By „new”theories I introduce the feminin and masculin management styles, the transactional and the transformational leadership and the participative management style. In the article I summarize the internal and external factors that influence the management style, and the same time introduce the outcomes of researches studying the topic.
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Survey of the Service Offer of Fitness Clubs for Group Classes in Debrecen
35-48Views:292The economic and social importance of the fitness sector is steadily increasing. The range of services provided by fitness centers is expanding and the popularity of fitness clubs is constantly growing. Fitness workouts are easily accessible for everyone, and there are numerous types of fitness centers which can play an important role in everyday physical activity. There are many factors that can influence the choice of fitness consumers for the gym, also fitness professionals play a key role in this regard. It is essential for fitness clubs in order to remain competitive on the market, to employ fitness instructors with the optimal personality and expertise, but in many cases, there is a lack of verification of qualifications. In our study, we conducted interviews with 20 fitness instructors who work in a fitness center that offers group lessons to consumers. The questionnaire included questions about consumer preferences, fitness facilities, trainers qualifications, and activities. Our study was made among eleven fitness clubs in Debrecen. The number of fitness clubs is constantly changing, with each year closing, opening or rebuilding fitness centers, which vary widely in size and number of services offered. The majority of respondent trainers are women as are the participants women in group lessons. Most of the interviewed trainers have OKJ qualifications, but the results reflect that fitness providers have not checked their qualifications at all before applying them. Fitness professionals play an extremely important role in leisure sports, contributing in maintainance and development of the fitness consumers’s health. Their work has a particular responsibility, as they can influence the physical and mental health of others in both positive and negative ways. Not only to avoid the risk of injuries, but also to prevent long-term health damage, fitness professionals play an important role. Controlling the qualifications also be in the interest of fitness clubs, not only avoiding accidents, but also increasing attendance at group classes by employing reliable, excellent personal trainers.
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Sustainability, sustainable supply chain management
322-328Views:798With the rapid development of the world economy, the growing scarcity of natural resources and the degradation caused by pollution, environmental protection has become a major concern for countries and regions of the world. Sustainability is a common subject in many parts of the world and the various research areas among policy makers, journalists, scientists, universities and social debate. It is generally accepted, that companies also play an important role in addressing the challenges of sustainable development. In this role, making a key challenge to balance often conflicting pressures caused by sustainable development, that is, the level of corporate economic performance against environmental deterioration and social disruption. Effective integration of sustainability principles into companies requires action beyond the borders of organizations. The issue of sustainability is becoming more and more prominent in corporate governance. One of the most important area of supply chain management is for companies to gain a competitive edge in the market. This has a significant impact on the natural environment, and there is a growing need to integrate environmental thinking in supply chain management and processes, which is why companies are increasingly focusing on sustainable development, taking on more CSR initiatives and achieving a greener supply chain. Sustainable and green supply chain management practices have been developed over the past decades, trying to integrate environmental considerations into organizations by reducing unwanted negative consequences for the environment of production and consumption processes. In this article, I have examined the issues of sustainability and sustainable supply chain management, mainly based on descriptive secondary literature.
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Changeable requirements & Answers With a dynamic system in order to continual improvement of the environmental performance of a rubber industrial big company
81-90Views:108The topic of this article is the analysis of the changeable environmental requirements for the Environmental Management Systems (EMS) of the companies. The strengthened environmental criteria of the 21st century creates new challenges for the participants of the business sphere. In order to satisfy the criteria of the stakeholders, it is necessary to build out a - by the top management - preferred and proactive EMS that can contain also a life cycle thinking method. This logic is supported by the new ISO14001:2015 standard, too. In the first part of the article the stakeholder conception and the new standard model is presented based on literature analysis. The second part of the article presents an environmental management tool developed by a multinational, tyre company. The model combines the stakeholder conception, the requirements and the life cycle assessment (LCA) in order to respond to the new environmental management challenges. The last part of the article closes with the new development possibilities of the presented environmental management tool worked out by the author.
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Compare the Most Frequently Used Models of Risk Management
1-11Views:188The successful risk management is based on the company can recognize and treat the risks well and effectively. Nowadays there are several techniques for risk management. Each technique breaks the risk management steps on its own logic. In this article we compare four different risk management models, accordingly what are the similarities, and what are the differences between the four models.
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Impression Management Strategies Used by Foreign Students
127-132Views:106In this paper, we examined a general human behaviour, the impression management among university students. People are interested in how others think about them. At the organizational level, they can also benefit from being positively judged by others. Effort to create this positive image is Impression Management, which has several measurement options. In this paper, we conducted research on the impressions strategies used by first year international students of University of Debrecen, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, Bachelor in Business Administration and Management programme. In our analysis we used the questionnaire consisting of 22 questions developed by Bolino and Turnley. We analysed what strategies are typical for the examined student group and to what extent? Are there differences in the strategies employed by men and women and depending on their cultural background.
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Investments and Their Financing Risks and Risk Management Trends in the Last 10 Years
184-203Views:209The purpose of our literature review was to understand the state of research related to management of risk of corporation’s investments and their finance within the past 10 years. Nowadays the risk management and problem solving are characterized by holistic approach and complexity - and these tendencies we can see clearly. We need to examine the likvidity, financing and investment questions together, because of the interactions between them. They can influenced the corporate value together. The role of risk management in the investments is the cash-flow smoothing (we mean: cash-flow generated by investment). The field of corporate finance is noticeably inseparable from other areas of business science (at least in the empirical analyses), and even technical issues, like risk management, have long been considered suitable appropriate in an integrated form. The financial and operational hedging has become indispensable elements of the managerial toolbar. The consequence of crisis (from 2007) promotes the birth of many studies that justify it. The researchers are paying close attention the transaction costs, such as costs of contracts or agent costs, and the losses due to information assimetry. The statements of behavioral finance connection with managerial decisions mean important additives in this field.
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Business Process Development with the Application of Simulation Technique
109-118Views:137The object of our work to increase production efficiency with the use of cost-efficient development tools at a Hungarian small enterprise. We apply data gathering techniques besides process modelling and diagnostic methods to reduce the total process time of the assembly process so as to induce cost reduction in the production. In this respect we investigate and rank root causes of wastes by cost-effective process development tools, like timebased FMEA (failure mode and effects analysis) as well as the 5 whys method. With the use of Monte-Carlo simulation companies can evaluate the change in the process, therefore, they can decide whether they want to carry out corrective measures or not. The accomplished changes can generate increasing competitive edge in the long run.
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The Governance of Sports Organizations in Morocco: the Case of the Royal Moroccan Federation of Judo and Related Martial Arts
38-50Views:98Governance is crucial for effective sports organization management, particularly as sports organizations increasingly adopt business models. Research inquiries into suitable governance practices in sports have grown, reflecting the evolving landscape of sports management. This qualitative research examined the governance of the Moroccan Judo Federation through semi-structured interviews and analysis using Voyant Tools. Stakeholders, including the vice president, board members, coaches, athletes, referees, technical committee members, and financial manager, provided insights on key aspects of governance. The findings emphasized the importance of strong leadership, effective decision-making processes, transparent governance structures, stakeholder engagement, and ethical conduct. However, challenges were identified in decision-making, stakeholder engagement, conflict resolution, and financial management. Stakeholders highlighted the need for inclusive decision-making processes and transparent and accountable governance practices. By addressing these challenges, the federation can strengthen its governance, support judo's growth, and foster fairness and inclusivity.
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Evolution, Place and Role of Controlling in a Business Organisation
466-477Views:972The development of controlling can be traced back to the beginning of 20th century. Thus it has one century of continuous scientific development. Controlling has been applied in fields such as finance, manufactureproduction, and trade sales. In financial accounting different activities have been formed for planning and accounting costs and performance. These activities were integrated by management accounting, which serves the ever growing information needs of the management. In addition to the operational functioning of growing and diversification companies controlling covers even the strategic level. The primary focus of controlling activity at 21st-century businesses is to improve organisational performance. Previously there were differences between the German and Anglo-Saxon trends. According to the German trend controlling is a set of instruments that provides the required information needed for management decision-making and based on it planning, monitoring, and controlling activities could be achieved. Furthermore, the German trend considers that a particular department is responsible for controlling activities. Conversely, according to the Anglo-Saxon conception controlling is considered as a part of management and managers are responsible for efficient allocation of resources, the so-called „management control”, carrying out planning and controlling tasks at the same time. Some differences can be recognised between the two conceptions about where is controlling placed in companies within the organisational framework. However, it can be stated as a fact, that management and controlling are inseparably linked, and the aim of both fields is to increase the performance of a company.
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Menedzsment módszerek az Ipar 4.0 tükrében
507-514Views:652The fourth industrial revolution poses major challenges for organisations in terms of technological aspects and from a management point of view, too. Good (effective) management is vital as it can help overcome the difficulties arising from shortages of skilled labour and from cost-cutting pressures, and it can help improve efficiency of resources. Innovations require management methods that support the introduction of industry 4.0. In my review of the literature, I aim to find out how the current level of sophistication in this new field can help managers of SME to better embrace change. Based on the reviewed literature, from management point of view, organisational structure, leadership style and HR practices are key to creating an atmosphere conducive to learning and innovation. In terms of structure, researchers do not suggest one thing to apply, but emphasise that industry 4.0 is characterised by an unstable, changing environment, so it is worth developing a structure that is characterised by decentralisation, few rules, horizontal communication and collaborative teamwork, i.e. much more organic than mechanical. In terms of different leadership styles, it is the transformational leadership that is the most often mentioned, however, in case of industry 4.0, we need even more because it can have various limitations. Even before industry 4.0, literature has highlighted that the recommended leadership style can be defined as the combination of transformational and transactional leadership; research in industry 4.0 in recent years also emphasises that it is the expanded construction of a knowledge-driven leadership style that blends the two, which can best facilitate innovation and learning. Managers can develop employee skills and improve their learning abilities through a variety of HR practices. So the right structure, leadership style and HR prepare the organisation for industry 4.0 by facilitating learning, improving skills and innovation.
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Sustainability Assessment of a Special Water Management Practice in a Hungarian River Basin
23-35Views:190The purpose of the study is to assess the sustainability of the current water management practice of thermal water usage for bathing. The methodological approach is material flow analysis since it allows to achieve results without regular or online measurements. The current river base management plan recorded the quality status of certain reaches of river Kösely and its tributaries - the receiving water bodies of the used thermal waters - regarding salt content as good and moderate. The ecological status is recorded as moderate and weak, respectively. Since the Water Framework Directive prescribes to achieve the goal of good ecological status, water management measures must be implemented to meet this objective. Since there is no BAT for salt removal from used thermal waters, the possibility to reduce salt loads remain the only feasible measure. The purpose of the study in the frame of a PhD study was to assess with calculations the yearly variations of water and salt flow in river Kösely and its tributaries in order to assess the sustainability of the practice of thermal water management in the river catchment. The result of the calculations is a flow scheme provided with numerical data of yearly water- and salt flow and a subsequent calculation of necessary rate of reduction of usage and discharge of thermal water
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Proposition of Enhancing the Significance of Green Infrastructure in the Smart City Concept
1-22Views:214The aim of the paper is -in accordance with the goals of the research team called „ Sustainable Integrated Settlement And Regional Planning” within the project EFOP-3.6.1-16 – to compile a comprehensive expert material on smart city. In accordance with my personal assignments within the teamwork, I studied first of all how sustainable urban water management issues are managed in the corresponding smart city documents, how the smart city concept which is evidently one possible way of sustainable urban development involves the strategy of sustainable stormwater management along with the elements of green infrastructure which are the inevitable segment thereof. The basis of the study were Hungarian official methodological guides and one university textbook published so far in the topic. Contrarily to the expected results the two notions of smart city and sustainable urban water management are not harmonized despite their common overall goals. Therefore I make a few suggestions in order to harmonize to some extent the criteria and indicators developed for the two notions - smart city and sustainable urban water management including green infrastructure - promoting sustainable cities. The overall goal is to ensure that green infrastructure is not neglected while smart cities are realized.
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Study on Learning Motivation of Master's Students in Management and Leadership at the University of Debrecen
69-79Views:120The aim of our study is to present the topic of adult learning. To do this, we first define the definitions and importance of learning in a person’s life. We then turn to the historical background and evolution of adult learning. The motivation of adult learning as a function of different motivational theories is presented. In the second half of the study, an initial research focusing on the motivation of adult learning is presented. The subjects of our research are young adults who are pursuing their master's degree in management and organization at the Faculty of Economics of the University of Debrecen. We want answers to the extent to which different factors motivate young adults in studying. With the results, we want to give an idea of how the learning motivation of the students can be characterized by both lecturers and human resource professionals working in the private sector. We intend to expand the research to a larger sample in the future.
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The Logistics Conception of the Value Chain of Wood
139-154Views:211The importance of the forest management and timber producing is highly determined by the value chain of timber. The forest management and timber producing can basically contribute to achieve the goals of the sustainable development as producing and processing the wood as a raw material. The relationship of the multifunctional forestry management as producing different scale of products and services results that changing a member of the chain might cause the total net alternation of the forestry system’s added value. The added value of the special areas of the appropriate and sustainable forest management is the infrastructural, recreational and touristic services.
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Importance of quality indicators in the healthcare – in case of musculoskeletal rehabilitation –
1-11Views:146Nowadays the term of management is so popular. It has an essential role in the professional life, moreover in the every day life too. Creating and using the quality indicators (one of the qualiy management tools) contribute to the improvement of the operation of the healthcare system and to the development of the quality of healthcare services. The aim of the paper is to define service quality and its dimensions in healthcare and to highlight the role of quality indicators. The research calls attention to the absence of indicators measuring the different aspects of quality directly, the difficulties of measuring service quality and the need of establishment of more specific measures in healthcare. A special area of healthcare, there habilitation of musculo skeletal diseases will be discussed. As a research my approach is to define all the indicators that are already used in this area of the healthcare. This examination is extremely important because one of the most commonailments are the musculo skeletal diseases and their number is just increasing.The paper is mostly descriptiv and follows analitical methods based on the international and Hungarian professional studies, informations. To access databases I was helped by the OSAP (National Statistical Data CollectionProgramme). Besides the importance of quality indicators the research calls for the need for more specific measures. On the other hand, the value of the paper lies in collecting the problems, defaults and improving areas of a specific healthcare field.
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Wearable technology usage among students of the University of Debrecen
33-47Views:130The lack of physical activity and the growing prevalence of a sedentary lifestyle are urgent public health problem worldwide. The problem is also typical of the young population, especially university students, who spend most of the day in a sitting position. Technological development is one of the catalysts for the rise of a sedentary lifestyle, nevertheless, thanks to this, many devices have appeared on the market that can be used to encourage physical activity. The widespread of wearable activity tracker devices – wristwatches, wristbands – among the population shows a constantly increasing trend, with a parallel increase in the amount of data collected about ourselves (step count, calories burned, heart rate). The main goal of the present study derives from the recognition of the gap in this field in the domestic sports science literature therefore our focus is on modern information technology tools in the dimension of physical activity. The aim of this study is to assess the attitudes of the university student population towards activity-tracking devices. We conducted a cross-sectional online quantitative survey (questionnaire) among DE GTK students. 340 people filled out the questionnaire correctly. In addition to descriptive statistics, parametric and non-parametric tests (Pearson's chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, t-test, Mann-Whitney test) were used to examine the relationships. The results of the statistical tests were considered significant if p<0.05. We performed the distribution of the variables using the Kolgomorov-Smirnov test. The majority of respondents (55%) have already tried some kind of wearable device that measures physical activity. Every third student (34%) are currently using their device. Those who have not tried these devices so far indicated the price as the primary deterrent. 32% of the students plan to invest in such a device in the future. 39% of device users use an activity tracker bracelet, while 61% use or used a smartwatch. In terms of sex, we did not find any differences in asset ownership. The primary goal of the students (66.8%) was to track their physical activity. The most frequently used function was tracking the number of steps, indicated by 81% of the respondents, followed by heart rate measurement (67%). Most of them (69%) set some kind of goal regarding their number of steps. According to every third student, they moved more as a result of the device and managed to maintain the increased level of physical activity. 44% of the students claimed that their physical activity did not change despite using the device. Students tend to disagree with the positive statements related to the devices in connection with a healthy lifestyle. Although the present study suggests that wearable devices have an impact on students and they track their measured data, it is questionable whether the devices themselves are enough of an incentive for students to develop a healthier lifestyle.
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Crisis of the 9th Generation Game Consoles-Focus on Playstation 5 and Xbox Series X
1-10Views:396By the end of the past centrury, specific computers optimized for gaming, that is meeting the needs of the computer gamers, the so-called game consoles were introduced to the market. At the end of the last year, after waiting for so long, new types of the 9th generation consoles came into the market, produced by the Microsoft and the Sony. Ovation of this appearance is familiar and usual in the profession, which soon became exchanged by the space of dissatisfaction, since now, after the events of the past months we can declare that gaming on both platforms suffers from serious difficulties. This study, the methodological base of which is composed by case study, secondary analysis of available data, intends to highlight the facts which led to this situation, whether it is a temporary or a permanent situation, and how the market and the gaming society react to it. Results show that it does not seems to be a temporary phenomenon, and as a result of complex problems market anomalies have appeared, which considerably influences our relationship to the market of the consoles.
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Personality Traits and Their Validity in Predicting Job Performance at Recruitment: a Review
222-231Views:414One of the most critical challenges human resources management usually faces is the procedure of recruitment and selection. At the recruitment, the factor of qualification is very important. However, HR management should take into account the personality of the candidate. For example, most of the companies' profits rely on the performance of the frontline employee and their behavior toward the customer. Therefore, HR management usually uses the assessment of personality and integrity. Based on the literature, there is a correlation between personality traits and job performance. This study is a literature review analysis which contains previous studies in regard to the of Big Five Factors at the recruitment and their validity in predicting employee’s performance in the firm.
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Inbound and Outbound Tourism in China: A Perspective Article
91-107Views:220The tourism industry in China has undergone significant changes due to globalization, technology, and changing consumer preferences. This perspective article, based on a systematic literature review, examines examines trends, challenges, and opportunities in inbound and outbound tourism in China, focusing on the industry's dynamism. Both inbound and outbound tourism have been negatively impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, which has prompted new strategies and environmental adaptations. China has changed its priorities within the country to encourage domestic travel and support local firms. The rise in internationalisation and the growing middle class in China have led to an unprecedented rise in outbound travel. Chinese travellers are affecting travel habits and spending all around the world in the tourism sector. Language barriers, cultural differences, and safety concerns are some of the challenges that come with travelling abroad. To reach its full potential, China needs to adapt to the shifting global environment and take into account the specifications and preferences of both inbound and outgoing tourists.
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Civic Organizations, Sports Civic Organizations and the Control
289-299Views:213Control, az a managerial function cannot be considered as one of the most frequently preferred examinational topics, and it is also valid for the matter of civic organization. Nevertheless, we must not forget about the increasing number and intensive non-profit sphere after the change of the regime, where the civic sphere inside has become determinant. In 2017, 15,2% of the 61 151 nonprofit organizations had a sport profile, and this ratio is higher, 16,2% regarding the 53 613 classic civic organizations (including only associations and foundations). The specialty of these organizations is the strong relationship with subsidies, and it seems that it has turned into subsidy dependence by now (2/3 of the incomes are subsidies), as a conclusion from the data of the Hungarian Statistical Office. This topic may also become sensible in a way, when an organization cannot account the received subsidies or cannot meet expectations of the judicial expectations, which all raises managerial control related concerns. It also highlights the relationship between civic organizations and control. In this study, we aim to cover some relevant specifications of the topic through the control, as a managerial function, and based on the results we may conclude that a higher ratio of organizations cannot really perform by the expectations.
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The Role of Employee Participation and Resistance in the Success of Change Management
22-30Views:219Successful change in the lives of organizations has played a particularly important role in the recent turbulently changing decades, and leadership-follower relationships need to be addressed in order to maintain performance. Participation should be ensured for members of the organization and emerging resistance should be addressed. The subject of my research was to examine whether the assessment of the success of change is influenced by the provision of opportunities for employees to make suggestions and their opposition to change. By performing chi-square tests, I came to the conclusion that if the opinion of the worker is heard, they are more likely to judge the change to be successful, however, the manager is not affected by the involvement of the employees in this. However, there is a correlation between employees' resentment to change and the success of change, both from the employee and managerial side, change is more unsuccessful if resentment develops. Based on the results, both factors are important. It is worth drawing the attention of managers to the need to ensure participation, as failure to do so can lead to dissatisfaction among employees, which can also have a negative impact on the success of the organization.
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Servant, Ethical and Authentic Comparative Analysis of Leadership Styles in the Light of the Challenges of the BANI World
1-10Views:32In a globalised and accelerated economy, managers are under increasing pressure to reconcile organisational goals that are independent from human being with the reality of human relationships. The human being, as a being with intellect and senses striving towards happiness, is the focus of positive leadership styles and is their major concern in the field of management theory. In this article, three such positive styles, authentic, servant and ethical leadership principles and their operating conditions are compared using international literature. The literature time span of about two decades shows that the evolution of the ethical leadership literature has slowed down, while the authentic and servant leadership literature has continued to evolve and is still evolving today. The comparative table that appears in this study highlights both commonalities and distinctions, in that, in addition to high moral and ethical standards, the authentic style focuses primarily on the person of the leader, the ethical leader on the ethical standards of the organisation, while the servant leader focuses on the development of the well-being of the subordinate, the other person, even through self-sacrifice. We intend to use the results of this research to investigate measures of positive styles, preparing the scientific ground for future primary empirical field studies.
