Because of the three religions are involved in the social life in Israel, not only the society and everyday life are very complex, but its educational system as well. The religious, political, cultural, and economic diversity of society has left a strong impression on education, including the educational provision of minority students. The topic of the writing is the education in Israel, including the most disadvantaged group, the past of the Bedouin pupils and their current situation. Nowadays, Bedouins make up one-third of the Negev population (210,000 people) who have been constantly turning from semi-nomadic lifestyles into living in the past decades. About 90,000 people live in unknown villages and camps, which in itself poses serious difficulties for Israeli education policy. The article gives an overview of the changes in Bedouin's social situation in the past 60-70 years, the circumstances of the first school, the effectiveness of the Bedouin pupils, their opportunities for further education, and its characteristics. In order to understand the functioning of the education system, it is essential to know about teacher training and the characteristics of the teachers who work in Bedouin schools.