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Krakkótól Wittenbergig Magyarországi hallgatók a krakkói, bécsi és wittenbergi egyetemeken a 16. században
23-50Views:130From Krakow to Wittenberg. Students from the Hungarian Kingdom at the Universities of Krakow, Vienna and Wittenberg in the 16th Century. This paper aims at collecting the students from the Hungarian Kingdom at the universities of Krakow, Vienna and Wittenberg in the 16th century. According to the medieval traditions, the majority of the students attended the university of Vienna and Krakow (90%) in the first quarter of the 16th century. After the battle of Mohács (1526), the situation changed
basically, and in the second period up to 1550, the University of Wittenberg started to rise, however, the total number of the peregrinating students decreased significantly. After 1550 the peregrination from the Hungarian Kingdom started to increase, however, its magnitude reached the level of the beginning of the 16th century again only in the 17th century. The heyday of the University of Wittenberg dates back to the second part of the 16th century, when the university of Krakow was hardly attended by any students of the Hungarian Kingdom. Whereas the universities of Vienna and Krakow attracted the students originated from the institutions’ neighbourhood, the university of Wittenberg was attended by the Saxons and it was also popular with the burghers of Debrecen. All the three universities had an organization for the students who came from the Hungarian Kingdom. However, the one of Vienna (Natio Hungarica) was not a national college in its modern sense; the one of Krakow (Bursa Hungarorum) was considereda national community in the first half of the 20th century. On the other hand, it seems more acceptable, that those students were its members, who originated far from Krakow. The college of Wittenberg (Coetus Ungaricus) was considered a national community, but its students must have chosen it because of their religious convictions, since many of them were engaged in the new ideas of the Reformation. Meanwhile, the most-known reformers from the 16th century attended these three universities, mainly Wittenberg. Both the first Hungarian Calvinist bishop, Márton Sánta Kálmáncsehi (Krakow 1523) and ‘the Hungarian Luther’, Mátyás Bíró Dévai (Krakow 1523, Wittenberg, 1528), moreover Ferenc Dávid (Wittenberg 1545), the founder and the first bishop of the Unitarian Church of Transylvania appeared at these universities. -
30 éves a debreceni angol nyelvű orvosképzés
173 - 183Views:195The 30th anniversary of the English Program at the Facult y Of Medicine. The Faculty of Medicine at the University of Debrecen celebrated the 30th anniversary of the English Program in medical education in 2017. The program was initiated in 1986 with a one-year premedical course and this training has been upheld with great successes up to now. In the 1987/88 academic year 52 students from 15 countries started their studies on the General Medicine course and eight of them graduated as medical doctor (MD) at the end of the six year training period in 1992. During the 30 years the number of the admitted and then the graduated students had increased yearly. Thus, 307 students started on the first year and 180 sixth year students received MD diploma in 2017 implying the significant development and a continuous interest in medical education in English in Debrecen. From the very beginning, the curriculum of English language programs is identical with that of the Hungarian one. Students apply for admission directly or via recruiting agents while entrance exams are conducted exclusively by the staff members of the University. The English language medical education in Debrecen has been accredited in many countries including some states in the USA. From 2000 to date other medical and health related programs such as Dentistry, Pharmacy, Physiotherapy, Public Health, Molecular Biology and Complex Rehabilitation have been started and in the last year altogether 264 students graduated in these courses including also General Medicine. Parallel to the extension of the above programs from 2007 the other faculties also started education in English. By 2017 more than 5000 foreign students from 109 countries study at the University of Debrecen. Now the Coordinating Center for International Education organizes the English programs and its duties, among many other responsibilities, include contracting with recruiting agents, organizing entrance examinations, caring for the incoming students with respect to visa, health control and insurance. The income from the tuition fees has increased during the years and now represent a significant portion of the University budget, therefore it allows the renovation and also the establishment of new facilities at the University to the benefit of students. Although the students of the English Programs have different cultural, political and religious background, they establish good relation with each other and with the students studying in Hungarian. In summary, as a result of the high standards in education in English the University of Debrecen became a well-known and important institution on the educational map of the world and our intention is to uphold and further develop this acquired status in the future. -
Vándorévek külföldön – A Budapesti Műszaki Egyetem hallgatóinak és tanárainak tanulmányútjai 1899 és 1914 között
35-43Views:125The study-tours of students and teachers from the Technical University of Budapest 1899–1914. The Technical University of Budapest was a young institution by the end of the 19th century. It was officially founded in 1871, even though it had appeared in some forms from the 1840s. The Hungarian technical schools looked to copy the German model. To accomplish this they needed information about this type of higher education. Through studying the historical records it is possible to detect several forms of informationcollection, which can be seen as forms of communication. The Technical University of Budapest used to ask the German Technical Colleges and Universities about different matters in letter-form. Another form of this communication was the arranging of excursions to the partner-universities. Next, we can mention the doctor „honoris causa” awards, and furthermore the membership of Hungarian professors in German scientific academies or societies. And lastly are the study tours of students and teachers to mention. The visits by Hungarian students and professors from the Technical University of Budapest to European destinations were analysed, the purpose of which was to gather experience. It was a good period for such visits: the Hungarian government supported the studies, the part-time studies and the study-tours of Hungarian students and professors abroad. These studies usually involved the visit of factories, public institutions and scientific institutes. The students of the Technical University showed active participation in these projects. The main destination of these tours was Germany, sometimes as part of a complex Central-European journey. The participants applied for a scholarship, granted usually by the Ministry for Education and Religion.
It is worth seeing the method of applying for scholarships, the rules for the finances and the final reports on record. In the study these parts of the procedure are shown and the aim of these efforts is also highlighted: to benefit the Hungarian industry and transportation. -
The STUDENTS AT THE UNIVERSITY OF NAGYSZOMBAT IN THE LIGHT OF MORE CONTEMPORARY SOURCES
146-181Views:127. The University of Nagyszombat, established in 1635, is Hungary's first, continously operating university. It's successors are the Eötvös Loránd University of Budapest and the Pázmány Péter Catholic University. A significant part of the university's archival resources were destroyed in a fire at the Hungarian National Archives during the Hungarian Revolution of 1956. Therefore it is extremely difficult to compile a list of the students who studied at the first Hungarian university. Recently, in Esztergom, new, previously unknown sources emerged about the students of the university. In this article we summarise the findings that can be drawn from the new documents regarding the students that studied at the Faculty of Arts and Theology of the University. The article analyses the university's geographical area, the evolution of the number of students and the social stratification of the student population and nationality, the proportion of foreign and national students.
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Magyarországi diákok hollandiai teológiai tanulmányai levéltári források tükrében
166-176Views:98Theological studies of Hungarian students in the Netherlands based on archival sources. Hungarian peregrination found their new routes after having banned Calvinists students from Wittenberg and after the fall of Heidelberg. Hungarian students visited Dutch universities from the end of the 16 th century till 1795 when French troops occupied the Netherlands. Most of the Hungarian protestants were Calvinists and the main goal of the peregrination academica was the education of Hungarian Calvinist clergymen. This papers aims at presenting the most important theological movements based on archival sources which originated from the Netherlands or reached the Hungarians Calvinist church through the Dutch universities: arminianism, puritanism and coccejanism. Hungarian representatives of these theological movements, their theological debates in the Netherlands and in their home church and furthermore their influence on the Hungarian/Transylvanian Calvinist church will be mentioned. In the last part I will examine the theological exams, testimonials and dissertations of becoming Calvinist theologists.
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The Last School Year of the Hungarian University of Transylvania (1918/19)
32-61Views:250The last School Year of the Hungarian University of Transylvania (1918/19). At the beginning of the 1918–1919 academic year, the use of university buildings for military hospitals, the military service of many young instructors, and the large number of students returning from war caused serious difficulties. On October 1, 2226 enrolled students entered the school year. At the end of October, as a result of the revolutionary news in Budapest, new youth associations were organized by the students, and they became involved in the task of the town guard. As a result of the truce negotiations, the revolutionary government of Budapest resigned completely from the Transylvanian territories and left the University of Cluj (Kolozsvár). On December 24, the Romanian army invaded Cluj. After that, the occupying Romanian army introduced strict press and post censorship, regularly harassed house searches, punishment, internships, and imposed a severe military attack on the Hungarians. It was difficult for students to travel and stay in touch with their parents. Mail and bank transfers have been canceled. The professors and the students were trying to get rid of
it. Only the large-scale donations of the population of Cluj-Napoca saved students from starvation and frost. From January 1919, the Romanian authorities demanded loyalty from the officials. All university professors refused to accept loyalty, since Transylvania was still an occupied area, and the peace-closing war only fixed the attachment of Transylvania to Romania on 4 June 1920. The Romanian army occupied the university buildings, and the professors were deported to Hungary. Professors and students who had been forcibly removed were continuing their work in Budapest first and then in Szeged in 1921. Therefore, the University of Szeged and the Babes-Bolyai University in Cluj-Napoca are the heirs of the same University of Cluj. -
„AD PINGUIOREM FORTUNAM” POOR HUNGARIAN STUDENT AT THE UNIVERSITY OF VIENNA UNTIL 1450
65-87Views:109A significant part of the Hungarian scholars at the University of Vienna between 1365/1377–1450 considered as poor students. From the nearly 3200 students almost 800 didn’t pay anything or could promise to be pay, however further 560 young people paid less than the prescribed taxes. In total 42,5% of them can be placed in different stages of poverty, but there were significant differences among them. This poverty although does not indicate their actual financial situation, only their financial condition in the time they were enrolled. The noteworthy political, military, or natural conflicts and phenomenon not necessarily affected them in their peregrination, only those which had influence on their financial situation. They can be divided into three groups. In the first can be found the non-paying students (pauper, nihil dedit). The second contains students with a little advantageous situation, namely who promised to pay the taxes (promisit, tenetur), or only asked a delay for fulfilling their obligation or an exemption from the regulated cloth-wearing. The third group concluded those who paid reduced taxes. Knowing their financial situation, the first two can be considered as pauperes, and the last is non bene habentes. Most of them came from the largest cities and towns (53%), however considerable the number of those who had a rural background (18%). Though their geographical origins do not shape a specific pattern, but their social background does.
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A magyar protestáns peregrináció a 16–18. században
71-78Views:194Hungarian protestant peregrination in the 16th–18th century. Thanks to the researches of the last two decades nowadays we are able to nearly precisely determine the foreign educated Hungarian university students’ numbers and denominational affiliations. In the article I primary examined the order of magnitude of the catholic and protestant peregrination in the marked 3 centuries. In that era, the denominational characters of the different universities determined which students could attend their educations. Naturally, a few „tolerant” universities like Padova accepted students from every religion. In the research, we used the word „protestant” as generic term, because in the beginning of the 17th century it is nearly impossible to separate the Lutheran, Reformed and Unitarian students in the historical documents. The data of matriculations indicate that the protestant students represented a higher number in the Hungarian peregrination in every century however this fact was especially true for the 17th century. Namely, because the protestants usually matriculated at many different universities during their educations. Although, if we examine the summarized number of students who attended foreign education we gain nearly equal numbers about the Protestants and Catholics.
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Egy évszázados adósság – A Magyar Értelmiségi Adattár (Repertorium Academicum Hungariae) elkészítése
149-172Views:284A centuries-old debt. The creation of the Hungarian Intellectuals’ Database (Repertorium Academicum Hungariae). Not school registers nor collections of archival sources were published about the Hungarian universities in the second half of the nineteenth and in the twentieth century. Similar books were publicised abroad much earlier about foreign institutions. Since Hungary has lost two third parts of its territory after the First World War the archival sources of these regions fell into foreign hands. Unfortunately,
during the time of the Hungarian revolution in 1956 a few archival sources of the University Archives has also perished. Until nowadays we knew very little about students who were educated at universities or any other ecclesiastical or secular higher educational institutes. In 2013 the MTA-ELTE History of Universities Research Group was formed with the purpose of collecting and transforming into a database every available personal and educational information about every higher educational students from the beginning to 1850. The name of this future database will be Repertorium Academicum Hungariae. According to our current knowledge before 1850 there were 108 institutes in Hungary, Croatia and Transylvania which provided higher-level education than the intermediate level. We have already processed the two-thirds of the collected data and we are going to continue this task. The final database will be useable together with the completed database of the foreign-educated Hungarian students. The electronic database will be contain information about nearly 400,000 matriculated students and it will be unquestionably a useful scientific source for the nations of the Carpathian Basin. -
The Settlement of the Hungarian Royal Minin and Forestry College (Academy) from Selmecbánya to Sopron, 1918/19
62-80Views:190The Resettlement of the Hungarian Royal Mining and Forestry College (Academy) from Selmecbánya (Banská Štiavnica) to Sopron, 1918/19. The history of the Hungarian Royal Mining and Forestry
College’s goes back to 1735, the establishing of the School for Training Mining Officers. During the centuries, this school developed in his type to the only higher educational institution of the Hungarian part of Austro-
Hungarian Empire. At the beginning of World War I, it was a Europe-known technical college. With the outbreak of World War I, there was a big rupture in the life of the college. The last lectures started on 6th
October, 1918, but the academic year could not be finished. The troops of the new Czechoslovakia occupied the region. The professors and the students decided to keep the Hungarian citizenship and they wanted to
teach and learn in a Hungarian institution hence they packed up the college and moved from the ancestral residence to Hungary. They had many difficulties during the flight but finally the so-called „refugee
university” found place in Sopron. -
A hadiárva és a hadirokkant apával rendelkező hallgatók számának emelkedése az egyetemeken az 1930-as években
133-145Views:101AN INCREASE IN THE NUMBER OF WAR-ORPHAN STUDENTS AND STUDENTS WITH WAR-DISABLED FATHERS AT HUNGARIAN UNIVERSITIES IN THE 1930S. he thematic focus of the present study is a somewhat neglected phenomenon: the sudden rise in the number of war-orphan university students and students with war-disabled fathers in the irst half of the 1930s. During and immediately after World War One institutions of higher education were called upon to accept the enrollment of a large number of veterans who returned from the war with physical injuries and psychic scars: often these ”veterans” were returning war-disabled students. By the beginning of the 1930s the focus of relief of disabled servicemen shifted to those whose father had either died or became war-disabled in the Firsts World War. As early as the academic year of 1929/30 this shift was well discernible, by the 1934/35 academic year, however, there came a steep rise in their relative number. he present study ofers a glimpse at those natural causes and administrative measures that will make it more understandable to sort out the factors at work. It will also ofer an insight into the life and social circumstances of war-orphan students and the ones who had a war-disabled father.
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Evangélikus diákok Wittenbergben
89-95Views:86Lutheran students in Wittenberg. The essay presents a short overview of Lutheran students from Hungary in Reformation-time Wittenberg. More than a thousand pastors-to-be spent several semesters in Germany, the Lutheran orientation of which influenced their further career. Scholarly research has revealed an impressive amount of details regarding this multifaceted group of students, Mátyás Dévai Bíró among the most well-known. Luther’s Table Talks include a variety of remarks related to Hungarian students. Dévai Bíró also appears in the 10th, closing episode of the Luther animation series being produced for 2017. In the last section, the author shortly presents three ex-Wittenberg students whose heritage lies in hymn writing: Besides Dévai, the works of András Farkas and András Batizi. Tihe philological and theological input the Wittenberg students produced for the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Hungary was accompanied by intensive international networking exemplary for us today.
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Újabb magyarországi jogtanuló a 16. századi strasbourgi Academián (Kiegészítés az eddigi peregrinusnévsorhoz)
12-29Views:207Yet Another Law Student from Hungary at the Strasbourg Academy (an Additon to the hitherto known list of Peregrine students). In the second part of the 16th century the municipal school of the Alsatian metropolis Strasbourg, was one of the popular destinations among wanderer, peregrine students from Hungary. In this school – beyond the liberal arts (artes liberales) – students could attend lectures on theology, medicine and law. Since the contemporaneous parish register of the school was lost it is hitherto unclear how many Hungarian students studied here until the foundation of the university in 1621. From the study offered here one can obtain information pertaining to a young student who has not been counted as a student in Strasbourg so far and who was originally from the Sips (Zips) region, and studied law on the evidence of two, hitherto unknown disputes of his. The paper is completed by an attempt to reconstruct earlier student lists: according to our knowledge it can be attested that Hungarian and Transylvanian students did actually study in Straßsbourg from the middle of the 16th century till 1621.
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Magyarországi hallgatók a bécsi és a krakkói egyetemen a Jagelló-korban (1491–1525)
7-22Views:111Students from the Hungarian Kingdom at the Universities of Vienna and Krakow in the Jagiellonian Age (1491–1525). This paper aims at examining the number of the students from the Hungarian Kingdom during the period of the Jagiellonian kings in Hungary. The importance of the topic is explained by the fact that 90 percent of the students attending foreign universities matriculated at these two institutions. It can be declared that the number of those who enriched their knowledge at these two universities increased
in this period. This growth stopped in the second half of the 1510s and the number of the Hungarian peregrinators radically decreased after 1521. The phaenomenon can be explained by the Reformation. Meanwhile, the war against the Ottoman conquerors has to be mentioned in the case of the Hungarian Kingdom. -
Magyarországi orvostanhallgatók Bázelben készült disszertációinak szerepe a hazai orvostársadalom ismereteinek alakításában a 18. században
29-40Views:117THE ROLE OF THE DISSERTATIONS OF HUNGARIAN MEDICAL STUDENTS IN BASEL IN THE KNOWLEDGE DEVELOPMENT OF HUNGARIAN MEDICAL COMMUNITIES IN THE 18TH CENTURY. Medical professionals acquired new knowledge for the medical practice not from scientiic journals, as today, but from books, academic thesis, disputes, dissertations received through the correspondence with Western-European professors and the mediation of students studying abroad. he university in Basel was popular among modern Hungarian protestants, but only some studied medicine, and only 5 people wrote a medical dissertation. Presumably students distributed these works amongs themselves, and they were not particularly used in the every day work of medical practicioners. hese dissertations were included in few Hungarian collections (Debrecen, Sárospatak) opposed to more popular theological works.
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Coetus Ungaricus – A wittenbergi magyar diáktársaság (1555–1613)
79-88Views:115Coetus Ungaricus. Hungarian student body in Wittenberg (1555–1613). At the University of – Wittenberg, in 1555, the Hungarian students – with Philipp Melanchthon’s support – founded a student society (in Latin: a coetus) which existed until 1613. Its important documents are the university records, now kept in Halle, and the society’s register-book can be found in Debrecen. The most important documents of the university archive (to be found also in Halle nowadays), due to the stormy historical events only a fragmental one, can be reached today in a printed form. The Hungarian scholars started to deal with the history of the coetus in the first half of the 20th century, but those publications are not accurate enough according to the modern norms. The majority of the students arrived from the rural layers of Hungarian society, from villages or small towns, and this fact can be witnessed in their family names. An element of which was generally the very name of their native settlement. (See: Gáspár Károlyi, who was born in Nagykároly, etc.) In certain periods some young men from the smaller nobility, or even aristocracy appeared in this community. Most of the Hungarians studied in Wittenberg only for one-two years, and couldn’t reach an M.A, degree, but some of them spent a long time abroad, in several countries. After their arrival the served as professors, and later ministers of the Hungarian protestant churches, some of them became superintendents, bishops of our Reformed Church.
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Inscrutable Students.Searching for Enemy in Hungarian Universities at the Beginning of Fifties
Views:210„Unknowable Students”. „Searching for the Enemy” at the Hungarian Universities in the Beginning of the Fifties. The Communist Party organization of Hungarian universities, in order to fulfil one of their main tasks, i.e. to “unmask the enemy”, attempted to gather a lot of information about the students. They collected data through admission procedures about their class-origin, which was reckoned as basic indicator of their political reliability, while functionaries tried to force them to verbalize their opinion and to comment daily political events in obligatory courses of Marxism-Leninism and in other formal and informal discussions. Besides the identification of the “enemy”, the forcing of political statements had the purpose to get the chance to correct them. However, the overstraining of political issues, the circulating process of re-learning the same parts of Communist ideology over and over again, along with the overreaction of functionaries to politically “incorrect” opinions led to an unwanted effect. Reports on the effectiveness of contemporary practices of indoctrination stated several times that the ideological dissemination of knowledge does not provide some students with a world view, but rather a practical knowledge: the students, instead of revealing their real thoughts “learned to speak Marxism”.
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IMRE FORRÓ’S STUDIES IN UTRECHT IN THE 1930S.
67-91Views:86The Stipendium Bernardinum in Utrecht, founded in 1761, played an important role in the history of Hungarian students’ university studies in the Netherlands in the 20th century. Many Hungarian theologians have been awarded scholarships. Imre Forró was admitted to Utrecht after completing his theological studies in Debrecen. He spent first three years in Utrecht, and then applied for and won another year of scholarship from the scholarship committee to continue his research. The present paper examines several aspects of Forró’s student years: his studies, his student life at the time, and the research work he began in the 1930s, and the history of the Hungarian peregrination to Franeker. Each life story is unique, yet the studies and daily lives of the students abroad share many similarities.
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Bognár Rezső szerves kémikus egyetemi tanár, akadémikus, tudománypolitikus (1913-1990)
235-240Views:106rezső bognár, Professor of organic cheMistry, MeMber of the hungarian acadeMy of arts and sciences, scientific adviser. Rezső Bognár was one of the most outstanding students of Géza Zemplén, the irst great educator of organic chemistry in Hungary. When the School of Sciences was established in 1949 at the University of Debrecen, Professor Bognár was appointed head of the Department of Organic Chemistry. As a result of this decision, he became the founding father of organic chemistry work in Debrecen. He
was soon elected member of the Hungarian Academy of Arts and Sciences and he served for two terms as Rector of Lajos Kossuth University of Arts and Sciences. Professor Bognár was founding president of the Debrecen Academic Committee, which position he held until his death. It was as the result of his nationally recognized public activity that the headquarters in Debrecen of DAB (=the Debrecen Academic Committee) and the Chemistry Building on the Debrecen campus were erected. He also organized the Antibio tic Chemical Research Group of the Hungarian Academy. he researchers of the Bognár school have brought out over 400 scientiic publications and submitted a large number of patents pertaining to the themes of the chemistry of carbohydrates, antibiotics, alkaloids, and lavonoids.His activities in the Hungarian National Assembly and the Hungarian Academy of Arts and Sciences have greatly contributed to the numerous successes of our university. -
A zágrábi Tudományegyetem hungarológiai tanszékének története
66 - 81Views:232The author gives an overview on the history of a quarter of a century of the youngest foreign workshop of Hungarian studies, namely, Department of Hungarian Language and Literature of the Faculty of Humanities of the University of Zagreb. The education on Hungarian studies started in Zagreb in 1944 and was precedented. At the University of Zagreb the Hungarian Language Department was functioning as early as the second half of the 19th century. Form 1904 to 1918, for almost one and a half century at the same place Hungarian language and literature was educated with the direction of professor Dr. Kázmér Greska. After the collapse of the Austrian-Hungarian Monarchy the representatives of the Croatian National Council radically put out professor Greska from the university and closed down the department. It was impossible to reorganize it in Yugoslavia between the two world wars. A new possibility came only after the independence of Croatia in 1994. The work in the department restarted on the basis of an interstate contract under the leadership of professor Dr. Milka Jauk-Pinhak and with the partnership of visiting teachers from Hungary. Today, under the management of Orsolya Žagar-Szentesi, 25-30 students start their studies at the department in each year. The function of the special college of translation of poetic works is outstanding. The department in 2002 celebrated the 900 years jubilee of the coronation of Kálmán Könyves as Croatian king with the representative volume of essays entitled Croato-Hungarica. The department was introduced in the „Hungarian issue” of the journal Književna smotra, the Zagreb journal of world literature in 2014 on the 20th jubilee of the department. Their latest publication is With heart and Soul/ Dušom i srcem Hungarian-Croatian Somatic Phraseology/ Mađarsko-hrvatski rječnik somatskih frazema (2018).
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Wittenberg neveltjei és a Tiszántúl reformációja
96-101Views:108The Students of Wittenberg and the Transtibiscan Reformation. The three generations of Hungarian ministers which returned from the University of Wittenberg each walked a different path in spreading the Reformation. Some of them remained followers of Luther (Mátyás Dévai Bíró, Imre Ozorai, István Gálszécsi, Sebestyén Károlyi Boldi). The next group represented a shift in the teachings, and they established church administration after the Swiss model, while still being direct students of Melanchthon. Later, they became bishops and deans, the elite of church leadership (Benedek Bánffyhunyadi Mogyoró, György Czeglédi, Ferenc Czeglédi, Péter Méliusz Juhász, György Gönczi Kovács alias György Fabricius). It is safe to state that both the Lutheran and the Calvinist forms of Reformation were distributed by students of Wittenberg, in which Melanchthon played a crucial role. His work was characterised by temperance and tolerance: he proclaimed fidelity in cases where it was necessary, and in the rest – for the sake of unity –, compliance. Many believe that this was what allowed the Swiss school of Protestantism to spread quickly across Hungary in the second half of the century. Concerning the dispersion and the positions of the Lutheran and the Calvinist branches throughout Hungary, however, not only confessional issues should be examined but contemporary politics, too. It was the Wittenberg generation that came after the death of Melanchthon (but was still educated in the spirit of Melanchthonian theology and humanism) which brought about the establishment of a church from the Swiss branch, organised along political lines and firmly dependent on them. This generation included Péter Károlyi and Lukács Hodászi Pap. 16th-century Hungarian Reformed theology was characterised by eclecticism which did not originate from Wittenberg alone, but Wittenberg provided it with the ground where it could develop.
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Magyar diákok hollandiai tanulmányai a kora újkorban
23-35Views:143The Study of Hungarian Students at Dutch Universities in the Early Modern Age. The aim of this paper is to give an insight into the study of Hungarian sholars at Dutch universities in the Early Modern Age. The method based primarily on numerical data concerning the number of students at a university in different periods divided by majors; previous educational background, SES status and occupation. The analysis also concerns the financial support of universities, provinces and cities students received at that time.
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UNGARLANDISCHE GELERTHE IM REPERTORIUM ACADEMICUM GERMANICUM (RAG) 1372-1526. PROJEKT, DATENBESTAND UND AUSWERTUNGSPERSPEKTIVEN
108-128Views:126The Repertorium Academicum Germanicum (RAG) is a long-term digital project that has been researching the students and scholars of the Holy Roman Empire (HRE) between 1250 and 1550. In 2020, the RAG was integrated into the larger project Repertorium Academicum (REPAC), which now also includes the Repertorium Academicum Helveticum (RAH) and the Repertorium Bernense (RB). The three sub-projects analyse different European regions: the HRE in the RAG, the Swiss Confederation in the RAH and the territory of the city of Bern in the RB. REPAC is based at the Historical Institute of the University of Bern. The common goal of the projects is to create prosopographical foundations for the history of the impact of scholars and their knowledge in order to clarify the origins and developments of the modern knowledge society.
Methodologically, the projects combine approaches from social, university and knowledge history with digital prosopography. At the centre is a research database in which the biographical events of students and scholars are recorded. This data is localised geographically and temporally to enable dynamic visualisations on maps, in networks and time series. The analyses focus on the geographical and social mobility of individuals and on the dissemination and application of academic knowledge by individuals and institutions such as universities, schools, churches, monasteries, ecclesiastical and secular courts and tribunals. In addition, this digital methodology enables together with the tools for data visualisation the reconstruction of specific knowledge spaces analysing their determining factors.
This article explains this methodologies using the Hungarian scholars documented in the RAG. This group is a vivid example of the study of academic knowledge circulation and spaces in European networks, with the University of Vienna playing a central role as a mediator of knowledge. The Hungarian scholars demonstrate fundamental research perspectives that are particularly relevant for collaborative approaches: Since biographical data collection requires in-depth knowledge of the historical background of the respective region, an in-depth study of the Hungarian scholars in the RAG would be particularly insightful if their biographies could be digitally supplemented with information from regional or local libraries and archives.
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Az egyetemi élet átolitizálódásának megnyilvánulása 1939-ben Debrecenben – hallgatói feljelentés Tankó Béla ellen és Hóman Bálint levele
117-120Views:189The Appearance of the Politicization of the University Life in Debrecen in 1939. A student’s Accusation against Béla Tankó and Bálint Hóman’s response. A very special source of the history of the Hungarian higher education and of the history of the University of Debrecen that accusation which was made in the autumn of 1939 by a student. This short and nameless letter was an accusation against professor Béla Tankó who had taken a note about the German origin of Bálint Hóman who was the Secretary of Religion and Public Education at that time. One of the students who was the member of the Árpád Comradeship Association wrote a short and modest letter to Hóman about it. This was a clear sign of the radicalization and the politicization of the whole society and of the life in the Hungarian universities. Also had been found the response of Bálint Hóman who sent back this accusation to Béla Tankó with a short letter in which he interpreted this as a wrong deliver. This unpleasant case had been solved by Hóman this way, but the radicalization of the students of the universities and the devaluation of the Hungarian political culture continued.
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Tanult orvosok a középkori Magyar Királyságban
39-78Views:192learned Medical doctors of the Medieval hungarian KingdoM. he present paper aims at collecting the particulars of medical doctors of the medieval Hungarian kingdom, primarily the ones belonging to persons who attended a university. he research had to reckon with the fact that the doctors were referred to in the respective sources by several Latin names (doctor in medicine, medicus, physicus, barbitonsor, etc.) but not all of these refer to a person who attended a university. We accept only the person as a learned doctor whose university attendance can be documented either by his presence in the matricula of a university or by his degree mentioned in a source. Another attendant problem was the deinition of Hungarian, since, for example, most doctors practising in the royal court came from abroad but owing to their service they often gained Hungarian citizenship or, moreover, nobility. After examinig these questions we managed to collect 69 persons who have evidence of their studies or graduation from 1226 till 1525, mainly from the second part of the 15th century or the irst quarter of the 16th century. heir prosopographical data can be found in the Database at the end of the paper. Most of the students studied medicine in Vienna (22 persons) or at an
Italian university (31 persons) and almost half of them gained a degree (35 persons). In accordance with the present phase of the research most doctors had an ecclesiastical career, mainly as a canon (12 persons), however, a few of them practised as municipal physicians (15 persons).
