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• Quality of Life of Patients with Arrhythmia

  32-42

  Views:

  145

  Introduction: Quality of life must be perceived in two levels - objective and subjective. Heart arrhythmia is a disease of the cardiovascular system that, by its subjective and objective symptoms, can affect the individual's life physically, mentally, and also socially. It can limit a person in his or her everyday activities or in activities that make them happy or satisfied.
  Objectives: The aim of the research was to map the quality of life of patients with arrhythmia and to verify whether the duration of arrhythmia has an effect on the quality of life of patients with arrhythmia.
  Methods: A standardized ASTA (Arrhythmia - Specific Questionnaire in Tachycardia and Arrhythmias) questionnaire was used to collect quantitative data. The research group consisted of adult patients diagnosed with hearth arrhythmia, hospitalized at the Department of Cardiology of the Ceske Budejovice Hospital (Nemocnice České Budějovice a.s.). A total of 127 valid questionnaires were used for data processing.
  Results: The research revealed that the most common symptom of arrhythmia in 58% cases was rapid heartbeat, irregular heartbeat, and a sense of heart failure. Most respondents agreed with the claim that heart rhythm disorder makes it impossible for them to perform work, study, and perform daily life activities. No statistically significant differences were found in the evaluation of the influence of the arrhythmia duration on the patients' quality of life.
  Conclusions: Arrhythmia duration in the selected sample does not affect the overall health status and quality of life measured by the ASTA series questionnaires. Arrhythmia restricts the patient to perform work tasks, study, and perform daily life activities.

• “Brave enough to remove the shell of a chestnut.” The career path of a resilient teacher

  85-101

  Views:

  268

  Being successful at school as a Roma student is a crucial sociological question. Roma teachers’ experience is invaluable when seeking to understand and solve problems that students with similar backgrounds have. Resilience is our academic starting point. In PISA who belong to a lower social class but have higher achievements are called resilient students. Educational sociologists say that a person’s life is resilient when it is successful, notwithstanding the disadvantaged social background (Ceglédi 2018). We have analysed Roma teachers with resilient lives and looked for answers to what kind of possibilities and dangers of a resilient life might hide in the pedagogical career. Given a unique target group, we chose snowball sampling. 6 semistructured interviews were made in eastern Hungary in 2019, in which we emphasized the resilience of their life taken, the pedagogic job, and their connection. We did qualitative analysis of the transcripts. The resilient Roma teachers incorporate their life experience into their pedagogic fields and their coping serves as a model for their students.

• Teachers and facilitators in different teaching spaces

  79-94

  Zsolt Kristóf

  Anita Varga

  Views:

  256

  Nowadays the information society can not imagine its everyday life without the use of the Internet. Keelan and her colleagues determined the benefits that virtual worlds can impact to traditional territories. Virtual spaces can abolish physical-geographic boundaries in cases where research is far apart from the group of people to be examined (Keelan et al. 2015). Whether we are planning to implement the education process in real space or virtual space, explanation and assistance in many cases may be indispensable. Gamage and his research associates differentiated the subjects of their research as to how much they had experienced in the use of virtual spaces. Both groups agreed that the use of platforms was an advantage in learning but they differed in their opinion of the likelihood of emotional connection between teacher and student in the virtual world (Gamage et al. 2011). The activities of teaching assistants can be useful not only in the real learning environment, but also in the virtual learning environment. The facilitator is a person who can work efficiently with both the instructor and the students. The facilitator contributes to the smoothness and effectiveness of teaching processes (Schwarz et al. 2011). In our article, we present and define the preceding, participatory, follow-up and continuous facilitator roles we have outlined. From the facilitator's point of view and from the traditional learning environment we get to the exact parameters of the role that is necessarily emerging in the learning environments of virtual spaces.

• Health behavior and mental health among college students at the Sapientia Hungarian University of Transylvania

  26-38

  Views:

  264

  Aim: Our study is a quantitative investigation on the health behaviour and mental health of Sapientia Hungarian University students.

  Methods: The self-administered paper based standardized questionnaire contains several scales: the Self Esteem Inventory (RSESH), the Purpose in Life Test (PIL), the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS4) and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). Data of 206 respondents were analysed from the Sapientia Hungarian University of Transylvania.

  Results: Data show that students with lower self-esteem and mental health use more alcohol than students with higher selfesteem. Physical activity seems to be a protective factor against mental illness, the students who practice sport frequently are mentally healthier than those who do not. Mental health of students is largely socially determinated.

• Housing in a slum

  76-89

  Views:

  154

  The study analyses the quality of life of the inhabitants of the Roma housing estate through the housing conditions. The housing estate has undergone several changes in the last two years, but the segregation character of the estate has not changed. There is the mobility of residents moving in and out of the settlement, and one-third of the population has moved in from other settlements that have been demolished in the last two years. The exterior and refurbishment of the residential buildings on the site have renewed the housing stock and the residents are now living in comfortable rental accommodation. However, housing poverty persists. Residents live mainly in small and overcrowded flats where children usually share a room with adults. The rising cost of housing maintenance is a serious problem for payment in the settlement. Although the condition of the housing has improved with renovations in the settlement, the increase in overcrowding and housing costs has not brought an increase in the standard of living in terms of housing.

• Situational pictures of settlements

  19-31

  Katalin Szoboszlai

  Views:

  351

  Within the research into the life quality of Roma people residing in settlements, this study analyzes their housing situation using the available data. Although the Husar and the Eastern settlements are separate ones situated at the most distant ends of the city of Nyíregyháza, they show similarities regarding the number and condition of flats, housing environment and the housing quality of the residents. Housing poverty is palpable in both settlements which can be described with no restoration of buildings or flats for many decades, hazards in the environment and hardly affordable housing costs. This study presents the details and tries to understand the picture behind the data.

• Korai kötődést befolyásoló tényezők az asthmás krónikus beteg gyermeket nevelő családokban

  134-144

  Views:

  144

  The modern society of the 21st century has to cope with many psychosomatic disorders which have high significance in public health. Several researches pointed out that one of the most determinant aspects in connection with asthma bronchiale is the mother-child relation. The aim of this study was to detect what is the predisposing role of early childhood attachment factors. 130 children with asthma bronchiale between the age of 10 to 18 and their mothers were involved. A socio-demographic questionnaire (to detect the early experiences), the Multidimensional Anxiety Scale (for the children) and the Beck Anxiety Inventory (for the parents) were used. Our most important finding is that out of important life events in connection with childhood attachment (especially the breastfeeding and its length) was proven to be a protective factor. Establishing preventive opportunities at institutions are recommended, e.g. setting up educative and preventive groups for chronically ill children and their parents. Attachment in early childhood must be considered to be even more important in the case of chronically ill patients.

• Szülői segítségnyújtás az iskolai tanulmányi feladatok teljesítésében – Szülőtípusok a házi feladatok teljesítésébe való bevonódás alapján - I. rész

  144-159

  Views:

  230

  In recent years academic researchers have increasingly recognized how important the assistance of parents is concerning children’s home learning activities. Parental involvement has a positive effect on students’ achievements and character. Moreover, in this way parents have the possibility to take a closer look at the life of the school and to form partnerships with the teachers. This paper examines how many kinds of parental models are present in a rural Szekler village concerning parents’ involvement in their children’s homework. I will emphasize that parents have a crucial role in their children’s school achievements. The most common Types of parent are: ,,protective”, ,,hard-working”, ,,partner”, ,,authoritative” and ,,networking”

• A szervezeti értékek a tanyagondnoki szolgáltatásoknál

  189-211

  Views:

  101

  The history of Hungarian homesteads in the last two and a half centuries has shown that, despite their ingenuity, the inhabitants of the homesteads had to cope with a lot of obstacles in order to be sustainable. Nowadays, in the fight to make life easier for the struggling residents and to keep the younger generations in place, it is the homestead caretaker who takes up the fight against the unending problems in the framework of the caretaker service as a basic social service. The primary goal of our study was to obtain up-to-date data from caretakers on the operation of caretaker services in Hungary, and secondly, we sought to answer the question of how professionals judge the manifestation of the organizational values of services. Based on the answers received, it could be stated that similar improvements are idealized regardless of the form of maintainer of the respondents (n = 131), and that in order to optimize work performance, service managers should make better efforts to interpret novelties and different opinions.

• Health through the Eyes of the Romani minority

  16-22

  Views:

  131

  Aim: The aim of this study was to ascertain the subjective view of the Romani community on their own health, in the context of social integration and the effects of the environment, using the Transcultural Assessment Model.
  Methods: The collection of data was conducted via quantitative research using an unstructured questionnaire. The experimental group consisted of 600 members of the Romani minority.
  Results: The results showed that health is one of the main values that influence the life of the Romani minority. According to a substantial proportion of respondents, they are regularly concerned with matters of their own health; however, most of them do not attend medical check-ups.
  Conclusion: The concept of sickness and health is highly subjective for each person. Moreover, the culture to which an individual belongs is among the factors that influence an understanding of the concept of health. Thus, when providing medical care, one must also get to know a patient’s culture and their subjective view of health or sickness.

• Vallásfüggőség

  63-79

  Melinda Imriné Csákányos

  Views:

  159

  Vallásfüggőségről beszélni a mai korban egyszerre időszerű és tabuizált téma. A vallás ősidőktől fogva az emberi élet része. A viselkedési addikciók kutatásában talán az egyik legizgalmasabb és legösszetettebb terület a maga negatív és pozitív oldalaival. Azonban, amikor vallásfüggőségről beszélünk ott az egyén diszfunkcionális működése mellett megjelenik az adott vallási csoport diszfunkcionális működése is. A témát igyekszem több oldalról körbejárni, hangsúlyt fektetve a vallás fogalmának és funkcióinak tisztázására, körbe járva annak pozitív és negatív hatásait, illetve bemutatni a fiatalokra gyakorolt terápiás jellegének módszereit is.

• Health state and health education

  138-162

  Views:

  479

  In our study, we present the results of a survey, presented among the roma local group living in settlement conditions; concerning their health state, health education and health awareness behaviour. The study explored the quality of life of these disadvantaged groups in several dimensions. According to our results health state and health education need a multilevel intervention, focused on emphasising the preventive functions of the primary health care; in order to gain a long term, positive change among the related social groups.

• The impact of the support system on people living in segregated areas

  131-141

  Anita Krizsai

  Views:

  111

  The Quality of Life Panel Research
  in Nyíregyháza (2008-2018) has been examining the
  changes in allowances. Similarly to the national data, there
  is a decrease in household allowance, the allowance for
  economically active people, and the number of people getting
  allowances. This study examines whether these tendencies
  are the same in two segregated areas, the Husar and
  Eastern settlements in Nyíregyháza, since here the residents
  are in a more disadvantageous position which stems from
  their education attainment, housing conditions, employment
  and related financial situation. Although the rate of those
  who live and get allowance is higher than that of the city
  dwellers, despite being entitled to allowances fewer people
  have applied for them. In this study we examine the underlying
  reasons by analysing our sample through social and
  economic characteristics, and along their changing attitude
  towards allowances.

• The engagement of mothers with families in the process of labour migration

  131-143

  Views:

  197

  The international literature defines the phenomenon of migration with the intention to work with the help of different theories and paradigms, and looks for the cause and effect relation between them which could explain the different migration waves. Recent researches into migration have shown the features of trans-nationalism and the increased rate of migrant mothers. Due to feminisation of migration, millions of women have become the breadwinners far from their homes in another county, and have also changed the division of labour within the family. The former physically present motherly care has been replaced by distant and material care provided by the mother. In my study, the engagement of mothers in the process of migration is approached in three dimensions: an overview of international literature is followed by regional as well as local research. The analysis of the migration stories from mothers focus on how working abroad appears in their life stories, and what the underlying reasons might have been.

• Educational situation picture of Roma residents living in shantytown conditions in North Great Plain Region

  112-137

  Views:

  317

  In our study, we examine what kind of educational qualifications Roma residents living in shantytown conditions in a large city in Hungary have, what their motivation to learn is like and to what extent school dropout is typical among them. We can compare our research results with the national statistical data available only in a limited number, because the analysis of the Hungarian Central Statistical Office’s Microcensus 2016 data revealing ethnicity data is the last database on the subject under examination. The theoretical part of our paper covers the historical presentation of Roma participation in education, the background factors of school failure and dropout. We used univariate and multivariate analysis techniques to evaluate our research data. According to the analysis of the data, the proportion of Roma with vocational qualifications and certificate of baccalaureate among Roma living in the shantytown conditions examined is higher than in the 2016 national survey. Our data confirmed the sociological findings that the primary role of girls in Roma families is to contribute to family life, even at the detriment of learning, since fewer of the girls living in the shantytown continue their education than boys. According to our results, the respondents are aware that higher education is supposed to lead to find better jobs, but the responses reflect bad experiences and one third of the Roma in the shantytown believe that living in the shantytown is a disadvantage when trying to find a job.

• Characteristics of risk behaviour in segregated areas of Nyíregyháza

  101-114

  Lajos Hüse

  Views:

  241

  This study examines some risk behaviour characteristics in the segregated areas of Nyíregyháza. Up to 271 respondents filled in the questionnaires of the research which also involved a focus group examination on public security. Our results have shown that in these areas, where most of poorest households are crammed, health impairing behaviours aggravate health status influenced by other factors. The rate of three times as many daily smokers has negative impact not only on adult population but due to expectant mothers’ smoking habits it is likely to cause health impairment in children and foetuses alike. Although alcohol and drug consumption issues are a taboo in the examined community, these health impairing habits and subsequent addiction are obviously present. The examined risk behaviours show correlation with straining life events in childhood and, in a sense, they are related to health quality.

• Roma employment – disadvantaged situation - labour market insecurity

  90-111

  Views:

  409

  The problems faced by disadvantaged social groups are complex and require a multidimensional, interdisciplinary approach. In our study, we present the employment-related results of a 2021 survey of a predominantly Roma local community living in a settlement conditions across several dimensions of quality of life. In addition to the employment characteristics of the target group, we explore their employment attitudes, work value preferences and related gender and social roles. Our results show a positive change in the employment situation of the local society, although general labour market insecurity remains to be seen.

• Situational picture of the educational attainment of people living in settlements in Nyíregyháza

  55-69

  Erzsébet Balogh

  Views:

  212

  In our study we examine the education of people living in two separate settlements in Nyíregyháza focussing on the type and level of completed school(s) and qualification, what they think of their future studies and getting a qualification so that similarities and differences between the two settlements can be compared. In the analysis, we present data gained in the Husar and Eastern settlements and alsocompare them with data on education from the Quality of Life Research 2018 in Nyíregyháza and the 2016 Micro Census Research by KSH. One-variable and two-variable methods were used to analyze data. Our results show that in terms of education people living in settlements lag far behind the town, county, regional and national data.

• Situational picture of the employment of Roma people residing in settlements in Nyíregyháza

  32-44

  Anita R. Fedor

  Petra Balla

  Views:

  334

  In our study we present the employment situation of people residing in the Husar and Eastern settlements which can be found in Nyíregyháza. This study is focussing on one aspect from the many dimensions examined by the research into the life quality of Roma people residing in settlements. As expected, our results revealed that the residents of these settlements are at a huge disadvantage in employment. The extent of employment is mainly influenced by low education, the high number of children and their attitude towards working. According to our results, 70% of the respondents have been unemployed before and 49.8% of them are unemployed at the moment.

• A hátrányos helyzetű tanulók nem-kognitív problémamegoldó készségének fejlődése a tanodában

  41-69

  Ildikó Bihari

  Views:

  233

  In contrast to cognitive skills, non-cognitive skills play a key role in shaping an individual's life course, yet the development of non-cognitive skills attracts insufficient attention. This study explores the contribution of study halls today to address the social disadvantage inherited by students in the area of non-cognitive problem-solving skills. The results of our exploratory study in five study halls in cities with county status in the Northern Great Plain region showed that study halls play a prominent role in mitigating the skills deficits of the mainly upper primary disadvantaged students included in the study. As a result of the developmental work of the study hall, problem-solving skills showed improvements mainly in the reduction of problem sources, in the problem-solving instruments and in the form of problem solving. As a result of the intervention of the study hall, the students' acquired social disadvantages were reduced and their inclusion in school, later in the labour market and in society was reinforced.

• Social Exclusion of Pervitin Users

  60-66

  Views:

  194

  The article is based on a qualitative study using narrative interviews with 13 South Bohemian Pervitin users who visit the drug advisory centre. The goal of the article is to describe how social exclusion is subjectively experienced by Pervitin users. The data were processed with the help of grounded theory. The respondents feel to be excluded in a number of normal life areas: they are rejected by their family, friends, and also by public institutions - particularly by the police and by health care facilities. Social exclusion is accompanied by feelings of guilt and remorse for the users. They are also ashamed of their situation, feeling sorrow and disappointed themselves. In some cases, the users are angry with themselves, in other cases with their surroundings for rejecting them. In both variants, exclusion may constitute an important factor in reducing the users' chances of abstinence.

• Trends and best-known results of research on Gypsy/Roma communities in Hungary

  5-32

  Views:

  530

  Gypsy communities have been known in Hungarian majority society for half a millennium. However, sources are poor and only provide information on a few aspects of their lives. Some scholars have attempted to define this sporadic, small group of people when their numbers have increased significantly. In the second half of the 20th century, archivists and ethnographers began to investigate their origins, their common history, the origin of their names, and the specific characteristics that shape their way of life, language, culture and beliefs. Their findings have led to their being defined as a minority, but they are now estimated to number between 10 and 12 million in Europe.  There are naïve researchers and advocates of Gypsy/Roma history who believe that the glories of the past and the persecutions of the past are to be found, but in scientific research, the view is becoming increasingly accepted that the communities of the past centuries in Europe and Hungary, known by their collective name of Gypsy/Roma, cannot be described as homogeneous, undifferentiated entities, either historically, ethnographically or sociologically. Throughout history, Roma/Gypsy people and communities have not been made Roma/Gypsy by the same criteria, and therefore they must be understood primarily in terms of their social situation, so that their integration can be made possible and the national and EU programmes of schooling, compulsory employment and the dismantling of Roma settlements can open up real paths to social advancement.